Structural Change in Apartheid-era South Africa: 1975-93

This paper examines the sources of structural changes in output growth of South Africa's economy over 1975-93 using a decomposition method within the inputoutput (IO) framework for analysing output changes from a demand side perspective. It decomposes output growth into private consumption, government consumption, investment and export components and also measures the impact of import substitution and changes in intermediate input use (as indicated by changes in IO coefficients). It is found that, before 1981, overall output growth was multi-components driven with all the above components contributing positively to economic growth. However, the collapse of investment demand is by far the single largest factor contributing to the economic stagnation that categorizes the post-1981 period.     

Elements in participation,teamwork and flexibility in South Africa

This research note involves an investigation of some conceptual issues which arise in the coexistence of direct and indirect forms of participation in three case studies of South African organizations. It is concluded that a managerial paradigm shift from a strong individualistic orientation towards collaborative or collective values could facilitate the process of achieving both economic growth and equity in the workplace.

Elements in participation, teamwork and flexibility in South Africa     

The emergence of shop-floor trade union power in South Africa

This is the first of two papers dealing with the emergence of black shop floor union power and the changing structure of industrial relations in South Africa. This paper examines the evolution of black and white trade unions and their attitudes towards the officially sanctioned system of industrial relations. The observation is made that black unions are placing greater emphasis on shop-floor organization, leading to the development of an additional, but unofficial, tier in the negotiation structure in the form of work pi ace-level union recognition and bargaining.     

The Development of Accounting Regulation in Extractive Industries in Australia, South Africa and Canada

In view of the economic significance of extractive industries, the special accounting issues raised, and the numerous calls over many years for standardization, there has been less regulation of their accounting than as expected. The development of accounting regulations and practices in the extractive industries in 3 countries is reviewed, which are Australia, South Africa and Canada.     

Employment equity,human resource development and institution building in South Africa

The process of economic and social reconstruction in South Africa (SA) has harnessed capital, organized labour and state agencies in emergent tripartite macro-policy forums; in particular, the National Economic Development and Labour Commission. Public policy on human resource development, affirmative action and diversity issues is increasingly an outcome of negotiations in these structures. However, although significant legislative developments on these issues are envisaged in the near future, institutional adaptation has not been adequately researched. The apartheid state was constructed on the ideological basis of ethnic fragmentation rationalized by ethnic and cultural diversity. At the same time, diversity is a social reality in building common national and organizational goals, symbols and identity.

This paper discusses structural and labour market factors associated with the process of employment equity and diversity management in South African organizations. A research project, the Breakwater Monitor, at the Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town, has established a national database covering some one million employees, which enables benchmarking of company and sectoral practices in regard to affirmative action, diversity policy, training and development and skills formation. The project has also begun to track diversity representation at all levels across major sectors longitudinally, using a common job evaluation standard for comparability. The project considers both quantitative and qualitative factors in human resource development. Findings from this project are presented and discussed in the context of human resource development.     

The Centrality of Community Capacity in State Low‐income Housing Provision in Cape Town,South Africa

The development of low‐income housing continues to be a political imperative and an urban reconstruction priority for the post‐apartheid South African state. But, even though policies for housing construction and delivery by the state are in place, in practice many homeless families initiate, direct and drive the process through which they secure state‐provided housing. I analyse in this study two such cases where homeless residents in peripherally located, poor areas of the Cape Metropolitan Area successfully accessed state‐provided housing. In both instances, homeless families organized around the different sets of capacities that structured the nature of the linkages that each forged to resources outside of their respective areas, and thus the ways in which they pursued their need for housing. I argue in this study that uneven and place‐specific, community‐based capacity often directs the manner in which communities interpret, interface with and access state‐run urban reconstruction projects such as housing provision. An analysis of community‐based capacity thus proves useful to investigate the potential and the problems that underlie state initiatives for development and the manner in which communities participate and engage with urban reconstruction and development. L'expansion du logement social reste un impératif politique et une priorité de la reconstruction urbaine pour l'État sud‐africain de l'après‐apartheid. Des politiques de construction et de fourniture de logements par l'État ont été mises en place mais, en pratique, de nombreuses familles sans‐domicile induisent, orientent et mènent le processus par lequel elles s'assurent un logement public. Cette étude analyse deux de ces cas dans lesquels des sans‐domicile vivant dans des quartiers pauvres à la périphérie de la zone métropolitaine du Cap ont réussi à se loger. Dans les deux situations, les familles se sont organisées autour des capacités spécifiques qui structuraient la nature des liens établis pour trouver des ressources hors de leurs quartiers respectifs, définissant ainsi leurs modalités d'action pour obtenir un logement. L'étude démontre qu'une capacité inégale, particulière à un lieu et à un groupe, oriente souvent la manière dont les communautés interprètent, interagissent avec et accèdent aux projets de reconstruction urbaine menés par l'État tels que la fourniture de logement. Il apparaît donc utile d'analyser la capacité propre à une communauté, si l'on veut déterminer non seulement le potentiel et les problèmes fondamentaux des initiatives gouvernementales de développement, mais aussi la manière dont les communautés participent et contribuent à la reconstruction et à l'aménagement urbains.     

Flexible work practices in South Africa: economic,labour relations and regulatory considerations

Here the author reviews flexible work practices in South Africa (SA) using Blyton's typology of functional, numerical, temporal and wage flexibility. Workplace flexibility implications for SA labour market and increased use of numerical flexibility are discussed. The article identifies factors limiting the introduction of flexible work practices.     

组织中地位的负面效应及其机制

地位是指个体受到他人尊重和敬仰的程度,通常被认为是一种无形资产,能够为个体、他人和组织带来诸多益处。但近年来,这种视地位为绝对优势的观念开始遭受质疑,新近研究也表明地位可能会引发潜在的负面效应。系统探索地位的负面效应及其作用机制不仅有助于全面揭示地位在组织管理情境下的影响,也可以为管理实践防范地位的负面效应提供丰富的理论依据。有鉴于此,本研究基于资源保存理论与有限自制力理论阐述了地位在个体内的负面效应,如绩效降低与心理损耗;结合道德许可理论、印象管理理论与地位动量效应阐述了地位在人际间的负面效应,如引发偏差行为、印象操纵与人际冲突。未来研究应进一步探索地位负面效应的内在机制和边界条件,从动态视角和双路径视角开展地位负面效应的研究。     

中国与美国、南非煤矿通风技术标准对比分析

矿井通风对煤矿安全至关重要,受到了世界各国政府、企业、研究领域的广泛关注。我国逐步制定了一些通风相关的法规标准,并在生产实践中贯彻落实,虽然取得了一些成绩,但仍不够完善。文章总结了中国、美国和南非煤矿通风标准的概况,对比了我国与美国、南非煤矿通风标准具体技术指标的异同,在此基础上,给出了对我国煤矿通风技术标准的发展建议。     

苏南农村土地制度变迁及其居住空间转型——以苏州为例

农民收入非农化、农村社会保障不断完善、村庄建设无序和城镇建设用地短缺是诱导苏南农村土地变革的主要因素.而推进土地要素市场化是苏南农村土地制度变迁的主要趋势.农村土地制度变迁是推动苏南农村居住空间演化的一个关键变量:以"农村土地股份合作制"为核心的农用地流转推动苏南农业生产空问和农民居住空间相互分离,以"宅基地置换"为核...     

城市更新语境下都市水岸再生中历史文化遗产保存的特征与冲突

基于历史文化遗产保护的世界性认识,探讨了城市更新中的水岸历史文化遗产保存的缘起和对于其价值认可的转变,并从水岸历史遗产空间的保存对于城市更新推动和冲突两方面关系出发,试图总结归纳全球化背景下水岸遗产空间保存中的特征与冲突,以期为我国城市更新以及水岸历史文化遗产的保存提供有价值的借鉴.