大米加工前后的物流控制要点

大米是人们的主食,其食用价值受多种因素的影响。克服不利的物流因素,是保证大米食用价值的重要途径。基于此,本文简要分析大米加工前的主要危害,并提出对应的物流控制要点。     

Encouragement Designs: An Approach to Self-Selected Samples in an Experimental Design

When subjects choose their own treatment (are self-selected into treatments based on their varying compliance with assignment to treatment states), many of the well-developed techniques of randomization-based experimental design and analysis are no longer applicable. With random assignment to treatment and control conditions, we can reasonable assume that over many replications, the two groups will be similar in all respects (observed and not observed) but that of receiving the treatment. With non-random assignment, it may be true that the groups differ on the variable of interest prior to receiving the treatment, and that a measured post-treatment difference (or lack thereof) will be erroneously attributed to the treatment. Our approach involves making all subjects aware of the availability of the treatment, but then offering extra encouragement (an encouragement design) to participate in the treatment to a randomly selected half of the population. If the encouragement is successful, we show how this leads to an estimable treatment effect (with associated asymptotic standard error).An illustrative example using fictitious data is presented in which we measure the effects of coupon books on store purchase behavior. A randomly selected half of the customers at a given store are assigned to receive coupon books as part of a package of store materials (the treatment condition) whereas the other half are not. We overlay on this initial randomized design an encouragement condition in which a second randomly chosen half of the store's customers receive their materials from an employee (encouraging participation with the treatment), and for the other half the materials were simply placed on a table. The market share of persons who chose to take the coupon book was 44% and 20% from those who did not. A naive estimate of the effect of the treatment is 24%; however this estimate ignores the self-selection bias (those persons assigned to receive the coupon book but refused to take it, and those not assigned who picked one up anyway). Using the encouragement design estimator derived leads to a lower estimated impact of the treatment at 5%. The difference in these results may have significant impact on the choice by store management to utilize employees to hand out promotional materials.Eric T. Bradlow is Assistant Professor of Marketing and Statistics     

Conflicting Bifuzzy Multi-attribute Group Decision Making Model with Application to Flood Control Project

We propose a group decision making model based on conflicting bifuzzy sets (CBFS) where evaluation are bi-valued in accordance to the subjective assessment obtained from the experts for the positive and negative views. This paper discusses the weighting methods for particular attribute and subattribute with emphasis given to the unification of subjective and objective weights. The integration of CBFS in the model is naturally done by extending the fuzzy evaluation in parallel with the intuitionistic fuzzy. We introduce a new technique to compute the similarity measure, being the degree of agreement between the experts. We end up the paper by demonstrating the applicability of the proposed model to the empirical case of flood control project, one of the project selection problems.     

An Approach to Model,Estimate, and Control the Effect of Ambient Temperature on Advertising Experiments

Abstract

The impact of ambient weather may not be obvious and weather may play a bigger part than previously attributed to variations in experimental and test market results including advertising results. While some researchers have passed off this issue as just another “seasonal effect,” ambient weather conditions have played a major impact on various test market studies. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the following: (1) ambient temperatures that differ from seasonal mean temperatures may affect sales in certain cities; moreover, the effects differ among sales of certain varieties both within and between cities, and (2) these effects may be estimated and controlled. The results show that while seasonal effects explain most variation, there is a significant amount of variation explained by ambient temperature. This variation could be the difference between which a number of alternative commercials or promotions are selected for implementation.     

现代企业集团财务控制存在的问题及对策

本文认为,现代企业集团财务控制存在三大基本问题,即集权与分权不明确,财务控制定位不清晰;管理者存在道德风险,内部人控制严重;混淆经济规模与规模经济,对外投资过度。文章提出,完善现代企业集团财务控制,第一,要完善财会组织结构,规范财务控制;第二,实行财务总监委派制,加强资金控制;第三,完善公司治理结构,实行全面预算控制。     

烟草集团内部控制环境问题研究——以HH集团为例

本文结合我国烟草企业的特点,以HH集团为例,分析其内部控制存在的问题及原因,指出内部控制存在问题主要是因为组织结构不够合理、缺乏自身企业文化建设、不重视风险评估意识,提出优化和重塑烟草企业内部控制环境的对策建议。不仅对HH集团内部控制环境的优化提供了借鉴,也为我国其他类型的烟草企业的长治久安、持续发展提供了借鉴和参考。     

Logarithm Compatibility of Interval Multiplicative Preference Relations with an Application to Determining the Optimal Weights of Experts in the Group Decision Making

We propose the new compatibility of interval multiplicative preference relations (IMPRs) in the group decision making (GDM) and apply it to determine the weights of experts. Firstly, we introduce the operation of interval numbers and define the new conception of logarithm compatibility degree of two interval multiplicative preference relations. Then, we prove the properties of logarithm compatibility of IMPR. It is pointed that if IMPR provided by every expert and its characteristic matrix are of acceptable compatibility, then the synthetic preference relation and the synthetic characteristic matrix are also of acceptable compatibility. Furthermore, we construct a mathematical programming model to determine the optimal weights of experts by minimizing the square logarithm compatibility in the GDM with IMPR and discuss the solution to the model. Finally, a numerical example is illustrated to show that the model is feasible.     

农民工市民化目标设计与路径探析

从宏观与微观相结合的角度来看,农民工市民化的目标包括总体进程的速度目标,外部制度因素变革和创新目标,以及微观层次的农民工素质提高、居住条件,经济生活、社会关系、政治参与、心理认同等市民化目标。科学的目标设计是准确测度农民工市民化进程,科学制定农民工市民化政策的依据,只有采取科学的城市化发展战略以增强城市化的动力基础,进行相关制度创新以优化制度环境,提升农民工人力资本和社会资本以赋予农民工市民化能力,整合多重行为以形成市民化的支持力量,才能实现农民工市民化目标,加速农民工市民化进程。     

入世前后我国棉花国际贸易影响因素的比较分析

本文运用格兰杰因果关系检验法对入世前后影响我国棉花国际贸易行为的诸因素进行了甄别和计量分析,研究表明在入世前我国棉花垄断经营时期,棉花的进出口只关注供给层面而忽视需求层面,并随着生产量和库存量的变化而波动,而入世以后我国棉花国际贸易波动则主要是受市场价格及需求因素的影响。     

基于数字电路的汽车尾灯控制电路设计

介绍了一种纯数字电路的汽车尾灯控制电路的设计方案,分析汽车尾灯控制电路的工作状态及其实现功能的关键点。将寄存器和计数器结合在一起实现该电路。     

政府宏观调控背景下我国房地产企业财务风险控制研究——以保利房地产(集团)股份有限公司为例

近年来,尽管房产市场发展迅猛,但是行业内部的弊端也日益显现,导致企业面临的财务风险也不断加大.以保利房地产(集团)股份有限公司为例,剖析了企业内部筹资风险较高等财务风险问题,并对其产生的主要原因进行了分析,如负债规模不断上升等,最后提出了合理化建议,如树立正确的财务风险观点,加大资金的利用效率,降低过高的资产负债比率等.     

Using Causal Mapping with Group Support Systems to Elicit an Understanding of Failure in Complex Projects: Some Implications for Organizational Research

This paper reflects upon the use of causal mapping supported by a Group Support System (GSS) in a particular legal setting. The mapping method and GSS tool was used for the forensic analysis of eight major engineering and construction projects where the contractor intended to claim significant compensation (typically in excess of $20m). Necessarily detailed records were kept of every aspect of the analyses and processes adopted. This paper is an examination and reflection upon analysis of these records, with particular attention to the process. The task of capturing the way in which participants (witnesses) in a project ‘make sense’ of a cost and time overrun is an important aspect of forensic analysis as they have an experience based perspective, that has often involved dealing with high levels of complexity as projects move from planned order through to what they describe as “absolute chaos”. In addition the requirement to account for, and be held responsible for, behaviors that that may in retrospect be seen as incompetent raises interesting issues in determining the validity of the data capture and analyses. Moreover, participants’ views regarding the complex causality of outcomes, reflected in the causal map, are tested through the use of a simulation model replicating the causal map. The implications of this approach as a research method for undertaking organizational research are thus considered by drawing upon experiences of using the approach to develop the case for litigation in several disruption and delay claims. In particular the paper addresses the issues related to defensiveness of participants, anonymity, accessing multiple perspectives in a group setting, organizational learning and the ‘changing of mind’ of participants, and developing an organizational memory.     

总结经验优化设计全面提高粮库建设设计水平

1998年以来,国家分三批投资建设了1000多亿斤国家储备粮库.这批粮库建成投入使用后,使我国粮食仓容不足、存储压力大的矛盾得到了初步缓解,对增加农民收入,保证粮食供求平衡和国家粮食安全起到了重要作用.     

从钢铁制造商到系统伙伴

德国ThyssenKrupp集团在合并两年半后已成功开展了多元化经营. 1999年,工业巨子ThyssenKrupp成为德国工业史上最大的合并公司之一.虽然它的名字仍是高等级钢与高质量轧钢的代名词,但诸如中国Transrapid之类的具有国际声望的项目,显示了ThyssenKrupp早已转变为综合服务供应商及工业产品制造商.然而,股票市场对ThyssenKrupp股票仍不看好:甚至在2000年股价重创后的今天,分析家仍只强调ThyssenKrupp的长期潜能.     

热力工程建设中有补偿直埋敷设的原理与设计

文章分析了直埋供热管道各管段类型的变形和应力分布特点。重点介绍了有补偿直埋敷设的设计原理与计算方法。     

Migration and trade: Theory with an application to the Eastern-Western European integration

The remarkable increase in trade flows and in migratory flows of highly educated people are two important features of globalization of the last decades. This paper extends a two-country model of inter- and intra-industry trade to a rich environment featuring technological differences, skill differences and the possibility of international labor mobility. The model is used to explain the patterns of trade and migration as countries remove barriers to trade and to labor mobility. We parameterize the model to match the features of the Western and Eastern European members of the EU and analyze first the effects of the trade liberalization which occurred between 1989 and 2004, and then the gains and losses from migration which are expected to occur if legal barriers to labor mobility are substantially reduced. The lower barriers to migration would result in significant migration of skilled workers from Eastern European countries. Interestingly, this would not only benefit the migrants and most Western European workers but, via trade, it would also benefit the workers remaining in Eastern Europe.     

易与空气板线馈电网络结构一体化的天线单元设计

空气板线馈电网络由于具有损耗小、耐功率高、幅相控制容易等特点而广泛应用于平面阵列天线中.天线辐射单元与空气板线馈电网络结构一体化,结构紧凑、集成度高,便于制造和装配,可大大降低成本和周期.文中介绍了两种天线单元形式及仿真结果,给出了一种天线单元及由其组成线阵的试验结果,表明其具有良好的性能,满足实际使用要求.其设计思想具有良好的扩展性.     

Making the invisible,visible: Overcoming barriers to ESG performance with an ESG mindset

Improving corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance starts with recognizing that not every dollar of earnings is created equally, as some profit may be earned at the cost of damaging the environment or of harming stakeholder relationships. These costs are often invisible to corporate employees, as they are not recorded. To earn corporate profits that are environmentally and socially responsible, boards and CEOs must overcome two barriers: (1) the ESG issue-assessment barrier, which reflects an organization’s inability to fairly assess, prioritize, scope, and plan ESG initiatives that address the invisible environmental and social damage corporations cause, and (2) the shareholder-value barrier, which recognizes that corporate employees may resist implementing ESG initiatives owing to their entrenched belief that corporations must maximize shareholder returns. To overcome these two barriers, we propose an ESG mindset model that highlights the pitfalls relating to ESG issue assessment and to the common belief in maximizing shareholder value and then suggests tactics to overcome them. The benefits to corporations that successfully overcome the barriers and improve their corporate ESG performance are threefold: They (1) will be perceived as positively contributing to environmental and societal issues, and thereby (2) avoid accusations of greenwashing and (3) improve their standing with stakeholders.