Toward an Integrated Model of Purchase Intention of Dietary Supplements in Sexually Oriented Advertising

This study was designed to examine antecedent factors that yielded a model of purchase intention of dietary supplements in sexually oriented advertising. Results suggested that sexual cognition, gender difference, individual attitude toward advertisements, and product involvement were yielded as key predictors toward people's purchase intention of dietary supplements. However, sexually oriented advertising did not considerably increase their purchase intention. A regression analysis also loaded sexual cognition and product involvement as two key determinants in the model of purchase intention of dietary supplements. Moreover, people with a more positive level of sexual cognition significantly resulted in their higher degree of purchase intention of dietary supplements.     

The Future of Creativity In Advertising

In the rapidly changing marketing environment, more attention is being placed on media than on message factors. Creativity, which has been shown to impact the success of a product seems to be receiving secondary attention from marketers. This research discusses the value of creative advertising, and why marketers may be less focused on message strategies. The study concludes that creativity is not dead, and will continue to remain an important factor in marketing communications into the future.     

Architects' Attitudes Toward Advertising

This paper reports the results of a national study of architects' attitudes toward advertising their services. A mail survey was used to collect the data from a randomly selected samvle of architects. Analysis of Ule results using percentages, means; and Mul- tide Discriminant Analvsis revealed an overall consistent vattern of nigative attitudes towaid advertising by architects. ~owt:'ver, here were significant differences among respondents when sepiuated into favorablelunfavorable attitudes subgroups. Respondents with more favorable attitudes toward advertising were: (1) younger, (2) had used an advertising agency, (3) felt marketing was productive, and (4) spent larger proportions of their revenue on marketing activities.     

Toward a Model to Enhance Synergy of Out-of-Home Advertising Media Integration Strategies

ABSTRACT

For media planners to combine multiple media across platforms to maximize synergy is a critical challenge within integrated marketing communication. For this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with experienced media specialists in leading agencies to explore how they integrate different out-of-home advertising media platforms in IMC strategies. The feedback of these experts was then used to propose a model of strategies to enhance synergy within out-of-home advertising campaigns. This model is a first of its kind for planning out-of-home advertising media across platforms and bridges a gap in the existing literature on media synergy and out-of-home advertising media strategy.     

Attitudes Toward Advertising by Veterinarians

Abstract

Using survey data on 382 participants, we refined and validated the Attitudes Toward Advertising by Veterinarians Scales (ATAVS) with exploratory factor analysis. To measure the participants' attitudes toward veterinarian advertising, we derived factor scores from 11 items on the survey. These scores were divided into high, median, and low ATAVS scores groups. People with high ATAVS scores tended to have a more positive image of veterinarians, were more likely to use the services of a veterinarian when needed, and were more approving of veterinarians using television, radio, newspaper, billboard, direct mail, professional magazines, and popular magazines to advertise than those with median or low ATAVS scores. In general, veterinarians enjoy a positive image among the surveyed consumers, who equally disapproved of the idea of veterinarian advertising through telemarketing.     

Directing Advertising Copy Creativity through Benefit Segmentation

While much attention has been paid in the marketing and advertising literature to the more quantitative aspects of advertising such as the setting of advertising budgets, media selection, advertising scheduling and effectiveness measurement, relatively little attention has been paid to the generation of effective advertising copy and messages. This area of advertising decision-making, in many ways the most crucial element of any advertising campaign, is an essentially creative element. It is an area, however, where effective marketing research can guide the creative process more efficiently. This article describes the use of conjoint measurement techniques to conduct benefit segmentation which can, in turn, be used to direct advertising copy thinking. The approach is illustrated with reference to a small-scale study of the United Kingdom king-size cigarette market.     

Consumer Attitudes Toward Professionals' Television Advertising

No abstract available for this article.     

广告创意应注重的四个方面

创意是广告的灵魂,是赋予广告精神与生命的活动.可以从广告创意的民族文化、商品定位、独特个性、情感因素等四个方面,来深化对广告创意的理解.     

创意的网络广告给促销带来的影响

世界已经进入信息时代,以国际互联网络为基础的信息技术正在改变着我们的生活方式、工作方式和商务方式。从万维网到电子邮件,正逐渐成为广告媒体用以接触消费者,向消费者传递信息的强有力的工具。互联网络的前景正在以前所未有的速度在全球范围内普及开来。在适当的时间向人们传递适当的广告,能给商家带来不可预测的促销影响,能产生更大的经济效益。     

Advertising Creativity: The Role of Divergence Versus Meaningfulness

Creativity is seen as an essential component of advertising and is continuing to attract research interest. While there is widespread agreement on the value of creativity, there are two different perspectives on the key components of creativity. One perspective sees creativity as primarily divergence, containing elements of novelty, aesthetic representation, newness, and difference. The second includes, in addition to divergence, the concept of meaningfulness (or appropriateness or connectedness) to the consumer. This view argues that if an advertisement is not meaningful then it simply is not creative. We attempt to find some empirical resolution to this issue. Our findings indicate that divergence is indeed an important element of creativity. Meaningfulness, however, while certainly very important to ad effectiveness, appears to be a distinct and separate construct from creativity.     

Responses Toward Corporate Crisis and Corporate Advertising

This article investigates how individual differences affect consumer responses to corporate advertising during a corporate crisis. Study 1, based on qualitative data, showed brand ownership, involvement with the crisis, and news media exposure were important factors in understanding consumer response toward the crisis and the company. Study 2, a survey, empirically demonstrated that prior attitude toward the company was the most critical factor affecting advertising-related behaviors. The study further suggested consumers of the brand were more likely to view the company favorably, to know more about the company, and to be more involved in their following of the crisis.     

Simply Captivating: Understanding Consumers' Attitudes Toward the Cinema as an Advertising Medium

Due to high costs, fragmented audiences, and cluttered environments, advertisers are finding it increasingly difficult to reach key target markets. Thus, many are looking to nontraditional media, such as cinema advertising, to maximize the effectiveness of advertising expenditures. Given the captive nature of this type of advertising, the authors explore factors influencing consumers' attitudes toward the cinema as an advertising medium, citing reactance, equity, and expectancy-disconfirmation theory as guiding theoretical frameworks. Using insights derived from 32 in-depth interviews, the authors develop a conceptual model around three main themes that shape attitudes toward the medium of cinema advertising and find that reactance, equity, and expectancy-disconfirmation theory may prove to be promising foundations for understanding attitudes toward cinema advertising.     

Toward an Analytical Structure for Evaluating the Ethical Content of Decisions by Advertising Professionals

This article proposes a model for conceptualizing advertising ethics theory based on a distinction between philosophical and occupational ethical systems and the assumption that the fundamental goal of occupational ethics is to address the imbalance of power between the practitioner group and the community or communities they serve through practices that cultivate a relationship of trust. An analytical model is proposed as the basis for future empirical research to test and clarify the suggested relationships. It is suggested that a more refined theoretical meta-model could provide a common framework within which research in specific advertising ethics issues might be revisited.     

Envisioning the Future of Advertising Creativity Research: Alternative Perspectives

To provide a future vision of alternative viewpoints moving forward in creativity research, four different perspectives are offered. The first perspective, "Wildfire 2008: Creativity with a Human Touch," offers surprising humanistic and individualistic practitioner insights from breakthrough campaigns. The second viewpoint, "Creative and Effective Advertising: Balancing Spontaneity and Discipline," emphasizes the role of discipline in developing creative advertising that is effective while still being spontaneous. The third perspective, "Defining the Necessary Components of Creative, Effective Ads," provides a functional model of how creativity works in ads. In the last viewpoint, "The Concept of ‘Imaginative Intensity’ in Advertising," an imaginative intensity concept is offered for future research consideration as the role of the consumer, agency, and clients change.     

The Typicality and Accessibility of Consumer Attitudes Toward Television Advertising: Implications for the Measurement of Attitudes Toward Advertising in General

Despite the wide array of contemporary advertising formats and media, television advertising remains the most dominant form to which typical consumers are exposed. Research on attitudes toward advertising in general (Att-AiG) implicitly assumes that the Att-AiG measure represents advertising as a whole. A major finding of the current research is that consumers tend to have a mental representation, or exemplar, of the most typical type of advertising—television advertising—when they report their Att-AiG. Therefore, in reality, Att-AiG primarily reflects attitudes toward television advertising. In addition, the results of our experiments indicate that television ad exemplars generate temporal changes in consumers’ reported Att-AiG and attitudes toward television advertising. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

Attitude Toward the Viral Ad: Expanding Traditional Advertising Models to Interactive Advertising

As a form of advertising, viral video (VV) advertising is distinct in that its communication medium is the social connections between individuals instead of formal media. After viewing VV advertising, people are engaged in two independent but interrelated processes, i.e., video sharing and embedded brand information processing. Previous research has not examined the interaction between the two processes. This study expands on the mediation of attitude toward the advertisement model proposed by MacKenzie, Lutz, and Belch (1986). Experimental results from three viral video advertisements show that attitude toward the VV advertisement is the major factor affecting video sharing, but attitude toward the brand also has a significant impact on sharing activity. Affect transfer hypothesis (ATH) and its extended models are optimal in explaining viral video advertising, which is different from prior research on non-viral advertising that suggests dual mediation hypothesis as the optimal explanatory theory.     

A Comparison of Physicians' and Attorneys' Attitudes Toward Advertising

No abstract available for this article.     

Health Belief Model and Healthy Consumption: Toward an Integrated Model

Consumers have evolved from scavengers of necessity to scavengers of excess. Citizens of industrialized countries have little survival motivation to forage for food, yet a dominance of food cues in the environment exacerbates eating control. As a result, behavioral strategies are needed to mediate these negative effects. However, healthful consumption likelihood has been an extremely elusive measure to predict. Most studies are able to show only an incremental amount of variance explained in consumers’ behavioral intentions. Moreover, generalizability is often limited to college student data. In response, the present research uses structural equation modeling methods to investigate the complexity of this domain. The results from a representative panel of U.S. adult consumers show that motivation, social support, and food features all have significant effects on healthful consumption likelihood. Finally, several of these effects are mediated by the importance of healthy eating and convenience barriers. The final structural model explains 58% of the variance in healthy eating—a significant contribution to extant research.     

Examining Polish Market Mavens and Their Attitudes Toward Advertising

Abstract

In this paper, we offer some insights about Polish consumers with varying levels of general marketplace expertise, their role in diffusing product information, and their views of advertising. Market mavens are consumers who exhibit heightened interestin and knowledge about the marketplace. Because of their interest in communicating with others about the many aspects of the marketplace, these consumers can play an integral role for companies interested in diffusing marketing information. Our study results indicate that market mavens do indeed exist in Poland and they exhibit similar characteristics to market mavens identified in the U.S. They have more favorable attitudes toward advertising than other consumers. Additionally, they consider advertising as an important source of product and social image information. Although Polish mavens are less critical of advertising being misleading and confusing, they are concerned about advertising promoting materialistic values. Our findings imply that firms doing business in Poland would be well advised to target market mavens because they pay attention to advertising, have favorable attitudes toward advertising, and like to talk about marketplace phenomena with others.