Socio-economic differentials in injury risk

The aim was to highlight the role of childcare products as causes for mild brain injury (concussion) in small children (0-4 years of age) and to determine the most dangerous products. By childcare products this report means the following items: child and baby furniture, nursing tables, baby walkers, toys, baby carriages, sport equipment for children, playground equipment and security equipment for children. The data were derived from the EHLASS (European Home and Leisure Accident Surveillance System) for 1998 and 1999 and covered a restricted population of Sweden (approximately 5 per cent). According to this register 182 mild brain injuries (concussions) were recorded following a fall, an accident or a blow to the head among children (0-4 years of age) during 1998 and 158 for 1999. Of those injuries, childcare products were the cause of the accident in 84 (46 per cent) and 76 (48 per cent) cases respectively for 1998 and 1999. The number of children admitted for hospital care was 68 (57/84) and 74 (56/76) per cent respectively. The home was the most common place of the accident and play and leisure activity were the most common activities. More than 50 per cent of these accidents took place during daytime. The product type that caused most accidents was nursery furniture and, in this category, the baby walker was the most dangerous. The product type that caused the second most frequent accidents was playground equipment.     

The Functional Capacity Index, second revision: morbidity in the first year post injury

As the field of injury outcomes measurement has moved beyond counting deaths and injuries, the need for instruments to measure long-term outcomes has increased. Early validation efforts indicated that the Functional Capacity Index (pFCI12) was a promising tool for predicting functional loss 12 months post trauma, but that the predictive validity for lower extremity fractures was low. The pFCI12 was recently revised in conjunction with the 2005 revision of the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). This preliminary study was undertaken to assess the performance of the revised pFCI12 in predicting outcomes for patients with lower extremity trauma. This case review study used the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Research (CIREN) database which includes AIS codes, extensive clinical data and 3- and 12-month outcomes. Generally predicted functional loss at 12 months was greater with the pFCI12 (AIS 2005) than with the original FCI based on AIS 1990. All patients whose pFCI12 scores predicted functional loss experienced some morbidity at 1 year. The pFCI12 appears to provide improved predictions of functional outcome 12-months post-trauma for persons experiencing lower extremity trauma.     

Unbundling the differences between Psychic and Cultural Distance: An empirical examination of the existing measures

The diversity between the country-scores of Hofstede, Schwartz, GLOBE, Håkanson and Ambos and Dow and Karunaratna is the main focus of this study. To investigate the correlation between the country-scores of these CD (Cultural Distance), pPD (perceived Psychic Distance) and PDs (Psychic Distance stimuli) instruments we apply the Mantel test, a test predominantly used in anthropology and genetics, which can be particularly insightful when examining “distance” data. The matrix correlation findings provide evidence supporting the high diversity between these measures and their lack of consistent results for the same countries. Therefore, despite the similarity between the way of conceptualizing and operationalizing CD that Hofstede, Schwartz and GLOBE share, these CD measures do not report consistent findings. Consistently, the lack of correlation, between the PDs measure of Dow & Karunaratna and pPD of Håkanson & Ambos, indicates the diversity between PD stimuli measures and perceived PD measures. At the same time, while the two Psychic Distance (PD) measures indicate high correlation in some cases, overall they are highly diverse from the CD measures. We argue, therefore, that identical studies could reach significantly different conclusions by simply using different measures of CD,pPD&PDs which then denotes significant implications for the reliability of research findings. Additionally, we point out potential weaknesses of these measures when examining culturally proximate countries and multicultural nations.     

Safety of playgrounds in The Netherlands

Abstract

In this paper the results are presented of a national survey on playground safety in The Netherlands. Thirteen trained inspectors each inspected 51 playgrounds in their own region. In total, 663 playgrounds with 7150 pieces of playground equipment were subjected to an inspection. The following safety criteria were inspected: entanglement, surfacing material, installation and maintenance aspects. The results show that one out of every three pieces of playground equipment fail on one or more criteria. The number of pieces of equipment that fail in playgrounds operated by local authorities or recreational companies is higher than that in playgrounds operated by voluntary associations. The smaller the playground the higher the number of failures per piece of equipment

The time has come for experts to provide the operators with information which will improve the safety level. More funding should be provided for the local authorities to prevent the occurrence of accidents.     

Gender differences in entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship: an empirical analysis

This study examines the gender gap in start-up activities to determine whether it is family status or employment status that is responsible for the observed gender gap. We consider independent entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship as two different start-up modes: While intrapreneurship is conducted within an established organization, independent entrepreneurship is solely an independent activity. This study focuses on this fundamental distinction to identify the parameters of our empirical model. Using nationally representative US data, we find that the effects of being a part-time worker on the likelihood of becoming an independent entrepreneur differ across genders. The obtained results suggest similar findings for intrapreneurship, but in opposite directions. Furthermore, our decomposition results suggest that for both entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship, the gender differences in the employment-related variables are more significant than those in the family-related variables in affecting the observed gender gap negatively (for entrepreneurship) or positively (for intrapreneurship).     

当前统计工作存在的问题

<统计法>及一系列配套的统计法律法规的颁布和实施,为统计活动提供了具体而明确的行为准则,解决了统计工作有法可依的问题.由于各种因素的影响,统计工作中有法不依的现象还大量存在,造成了部分统计数据失实,严重影响了政府的宏观调控和决策的正确性,也影响了政府统计的声誉.因此,加强统计法制建设,充分发挥统计工作在现代化建设中的重要作用,是我们亟待研究和解决的一个课题.     

Productivity differences in an interdependent world

This paper studies cross-country differences in productivity from an open economy perspective by using a Helpman-Krugman-Heckscher-Ohlin model that embraces the single-cone model and a one-sector economy with factor deepening as particular cases. To estimate the model, I combine tools from development accounting and the factor content of trade literature. When simultaneously fitting data on income, factor prices and the factor content of trade, I find that the one-sector model is by far better supported by the data than the single-cone model. Rich countries have far higher productivities of human capital than poor ones, while differences in physical capital productivity are not related to income per worker. Finally, I estimate an aggregate elasticity of substitution between human and physical capital that is significantly below one.     

The epidemiology of swimming pool injuries in The Netherlands

Objective: To study the frequency and distribution of swimming pool injuries in The Netherlands. Data and methods: We used data of the Dutch Injury Surveillance System, which collects national data on patients treated in a hospital emergency department anywhere in The Netherlands. This system is based on a sample of 16 hospitals, which is representative for the whole country. With the help of pooled data for the years 1995 and 1996, we estimated the annual frequency of swimming pool injuries treated in a hospital emergency department. We made a comparison with the epidemiology of sports injuries with respect to the observed distribution by age, gender, type of injury and injury severity. Results: The average annual number of people seeking treatment at an emergency department after a swimming pool accident is small compared with the average annual number of sports injuries. Almost half of the swimming pool injuries (45%) concern 5–14 year-old children, a much higher proportion than found in sports injuries (27%). In addition, the relative importance of head injuries is considerably higher in swimming pool injuries (35%) than in sports injuries (12%). Swimming pool injuries and sports injuries have equal proportions of patients who are subsequently admitted to hospital (3%). Conclusion: The epidemiology of swimming pool injuries is characterized by a high proportion of 5–14 year-old children and a high share of head injuries. Although the frequency of swimming pool injuries is low, preventive efforts should not be neglected.     

解析数据库系统的安全保护策略

保障数据库系统安全,不仅涉及应用技术,还包括管理等层面上的问题.     

当前会计管理存在的问题分析

文章对会计管理存在的问题及存在问题的原因进行了分析.     

关于车辆制动性能检测中存在问题的探讨

汽车检测行业在近年来随着汽车制造技术和检测技术的进步,也不断发展壮大,在汽车运行管理部门动态监督汽车技术状况方面发挥着极其重要的作用.特别是随着我国公路建设和道路运输业的飞速发展,道路交通安全问题也越来越突出,要求进一步重视和加强机动车辆安全技术状况检测已成为维护社会安定的一个重要课题.     

蒙古族民俗旅游存在的问题

随着内蒙游客逐年增加,内蒙古的旅游收入也取得巨大的突破,促进了内蒙古旅游业的发展.但是随之而来的却是一系列的生态问题和民族文化遭到严重破坏,同时也改变了蒙古族地区淳朴的民风,这些都严重地制约了内蒙古民俗旅游业的发展.本文就蒙古族民俗旅游存在的问题进行简要论述.     

浅析水利工程管理存在的问题

针对水利工程管理现状及存在的问题,提出加强水利工程管理的方法并对水利工程管理进行了探讨.     

浅析事业单位会计核算中存在的问题及解决对策

随着我国审计工作的快速发展,国家的相关审计机构加大了对事业单位的审计,从相关的审计工作中调查发现在相关的事业单位中存在一系列的会计核算问题,在目前事业单位的会计核算工作中存在行为不规范,对信息反馈不够全面的情况.本文从事业单位会计核算的相关问题出发,结合企业发展中的相关问题进行了一系列的探究和分析,进一步的总结论述了会计核算存在的问题并提出了相关的解决对策和建议,以供大家交流和思考.     

浅谈我国会计监督存在的问题及对策

随着我国市场经济的快速发展,合理规范会计行为,加强会计监督已成为社会经济可持续发展的一项重要内容.本文就我国会计监督中存在的问题进行分析,并建议性的提出解决问题的有效对策.     

预算会计在执行过程中存在的问题探析

现代社会经济和技术的迅猛发展,已经将我们带入了一个多元化发展的崭新社会.会计行业的内容也愈加丰富,企业会计、预算会计体系也随着企事业单位的财务工作的完善而逐渐建立起来.由于预算会计体系形成慢,还不够成熟,那么如何让该体系在新社会形式下发挥更加强大的作用,本文就预算会计体系在执行过程中存在的问题展开了深入的讨论.     

行政单位会计集中核算存在的问题

随着我国财政预算制度改革的逐步推进,实行会计集中核算,建立以国库单一账户体系为基础、以国库集中收付为主要形式的财政国库管理体制成为大势所趋.对会计集中核算的研究具有重要的理论和实践意义.全文通过对当前行政单位会计集中核算存在的问题进行分析,找出相关策略.以提高行政单位会计集中核算水平.