较发达地区农户参与农信社小额信贷程度的影响因素分析——基于苏北金湖农户“直接意愿”调查的实证检验

结合农户借贷行为特征,采用江苏省金湖县273个农户实地调查数据,通过基于"直接意愿调查法"的二元Probit模型,从需求和供给两方面实证分析中国较发达地区农户小额信用贷款的现状及影响因素,结果显示,外出务工人数、农村家庭大额非日常支出、农户人际关系的强弱和正规社会资本资源显著影响农户小额信贷的需求,而非农收入比重、农户兼业类型及地区人均贷款显著影响农户获得小额信贷的概率。因此,重视和挖掘农户潜在信贷需求,改进信贷产品服务和质量,满足农户多样化的资金需求,才是实现农村小额信贷的可持续发展之道。     

河北张家口开展绿色小额信贷现状调研分析

绿色小额信贷将"绿色"理念与传统小额信贷相结合,以绿色信贷的方式来带动城镇贫困地区经济的综合发展。本论文从河北省张家口市农户绿色小额信贷需求状况和政策性金融机构支持绿色农业发展情况入手,针对贫困农户绿色小额信贷需求缺口,对政策性金融支持生态农业发展的可行性进行分析,推进扶贫和环保的可持续发展。     

论中国P2P农户小额信贷的风险及其监管策略

随着互联技术的普及和普惠金融理念的推广,P2P网络信贷得以迅猛发展,P2P农户小额信贷是一种创新公益信贷模式,是农户等弱势群体实现金融可持续发展的重要路径,更是实现可持续扶贫和精准扶贫的核心保障。文章通过界定P2P农户小额信贷的概念,分析其特殊性,介绍P2P农户小额信贷不一样的运作模式和功能,剖析P2P农户小额信贷面临的各种风险,在此基础上深入分析P2P农户小额信贷面临的风险和监管存在的主要问题。主张建立多元监管主体体系和分类监管模式,提出具体监管对策。以期保障P2P农户小额信贷健康可持续发展。     

信贷商业化趋势下的瞄准偏离释义

小额信贷自创始以来就肩负着扶贫的使命,在现今小额信贷商业化趋势不可逆转的背景下,不断对小额信贷进行制度创新和技术创新,以缓和高成本压力以及对贫困农户赋予公平的信贷权,对小额信贷的健康可持续发展有着重要、积极的意义。贫困农户如何平等、公平地有效使用信贷资金等扶贫资源是本文的研究重点。     

小额信贷利率市场化探讨

依据小额信贷的发展状况,无论是从更好满足贫困农户需求的角度,还是从寻求小额信贷机构可持续发展的角度考虑,小额信贷的利率始终是一个重要的硬性指标。传统的利率管制政策往往导致小额信贷事业的发展事与愿违,放开对小额信贷的利率管制,让利率走向市场化是必然趋势。     

小额信贷利率市场化探讨

依据小额信贷的发展状况,无论是从更好满足贫困农户需求的角度,还是从寻求小额信贷机构可持续发展的角度考虑,小额信贷的利率始终是一个重要的硬性指标。传统的利率管制政策往往导致小额信贷事业的发展事与愿违,放开对小额信贷的利率管制,让利率走向市场化是必然趋势。     

浅析农村信用社小额信贷的可持续发展

近几年来,我国社会经济发展成就巨大,但城乡贫富差距却不断扩大。实践证明,小额信贷是目前我国应大力发展的农村信贷之一,是金融支持社会主义新农村建设的重要手段。与此同时,农村信用社农户小额信贷业务的成功运行不仅使其成为农村信用社可持续发展的现实选择,而且成为广大农户脱贫致富的法宝。本文在着重分析农村信用社小额信贷的可持续发展现状以及存在问题的基础上,提出了相应的对策建议。     

我国农村小额信贷金融机制构建研究

基于我国农村小额信贷金融机制构建中存在的问题，通过实证研究与规范研究相结合的方法，该文分析了我国农村小额信贷的现状和长期以来面临的局面。发现小额信贷的发展也存在着法律法规不完善、监管的缺失、小额信贷机构自身的问题以及农户信用体系不健全等诸多问题。因此，要解决农村小额信贷存在的问题就要从政策和法律法规、政府职能转变、加强监管、克服小额信贷自身的问题以及农户信用等几方面来解决，不断完善农村小额信贷机制，保障农村各项事业的可持续发展。     

浅析农村信用社小额信贷的可持续发展

近几年来,我国社会经济发展成就巨大,但城乡贫富差距却不断扩大.实践证明,小额信贷是目前我国应大力发展的农村信贷之一,是金融支持社会主义新农村建设的重要手段.与此同时,农村信用社农户小额信贷业务的成功运行不仅使其成为农村信用社可持续发展的现实选择,而且成为广大农户脱贫致富的法宝.本文在着重分析农村信用社小额信贷的可持续发展现状以及存在问题的基础上,提出了相应的对策建议.     

普惠金融体系下我国农村小额信贷的可持续发展研究

小额信贷作为一种有效的扶贫手段,在发展中国家被广泛应用。农村小额信贷的可持续发展不仅有利于小额信贷机构自身的发展,而且有利于完善农村金融市场,实现普惠金融服务,促进农村经济可持续发展。在国家力促"三农"发展,推广普惠金融服务的背景下,结合我国小额信贷发展的实际情况,分析我国小额信贷可持续发展存在的瓶颈,探讨我国小额信贷可持续发展的路径。     

西部农户小额信贷还款率影响因素分析

利用主成分分析方法和logistic回归模型,对西部地区小额信贷还款率影响因素进行实证分析。研究表明农户专业技能、信用等级、农户收入、贷款利率、贷款期限、贷款用途等因素与小额信贷还款率显著相关,农户年龄、受教育程度、贷款金额等因素对小额信贷还款率的影响不显著,不同因素在影响小额信贷还款率时具有重要次序性,农户专业技能、信用等级、农户收入、贷款利率、贷款期限、贷款用途、是否贴息、经营能力对小额信贷还款率的影响最为重要,其次为劳动力人数和耕地面积因素。     

Microfinance Intervention in Poverty Reduction: A Study of Women Farmer-Entrepreneurs in Rural Ghana

This paper examines microfinance intervention in rural poverty reduction in Ghana by surveying 100 rural women farmer-entrepreneurs. The findings reveal that microfinance interventions that emphasize both credit provision and social intermediation improve access to credit, improve business performance, and contribute to a higher standard of living for female farmer-entrepreneurs and their families. The results show that the microfinance scheme has been successful due to a strong social network and group relationships among the farmers. An implication of the study is that poverty reduction programs in developing countries need to emphasize social and human development components in microfinancing policies.     

Gender discrimination and lending to women: The moderating effect of an international founder

Much of the microfinance rhetoric revolves around fighting female poverty, which is often the result of discriminatory gender norms. Also, the microfinance industry has always been influenced by foreign actors, who, according to the literature, promote women’s empowerment. Yet, little is known about how microfinance institutions’ (MFIs) outreach to women is affected by the interplay between societal norms and the actions of these foreign actors. In response, this study draws on two streams of institutional theory, institutional logics perspective and institutional work theory, to investigate the influence of gender discrimination on microfinance outreach to women and to test the moderating effect of an international founder. Using data on 213 MFIs from 65 countries, the results show that gender discrimination negatively impacts microfinance outreach to women, but that the negative effect is mitigated by having an international founder. These findings are discussed, and several avenues are opened for future research.     

History of microfinance in Bangladesh: A life cycle theory approach

This study aims to conceptualise and document the historical evolution of microfinance in Bangladesh using the life cycle theory (LCT). Based on the LCT nomenclature, the microfinance sector in Bangladesh shows characteristics broadly consistent with the saturation phase (2006–2015) – which potentially has adverse impacts on both microfinance clients and institutions. The maturity phase (1996–2005) of microfinance has corresponded with competition and several innovations (financial and non-financial). However, the saturation phase sees increasing presence of uncoordinated microfinance institutions and expansion of multiple borrowing, as well as commercialisation and ‘mission drift’, which constitute important challenges for the regulatory authority and management of microfinance institutions.     

Microfinance Traps and Relational Exchange Norms: A Field Study of Women Entrepreneurs in Tanzania

In interdependent social groups, microfinance traps occur when conflicts arise between borrowers’ affective ties related to family needs and instrumental ties related to obligations toward their loan group. Thus, the social capital that facilitates microfinancing can lead to conflicting obligations toward business needs and economic obligations toward family. Building on an inductive field study among female entrepreneurs in Tanzania, we conceptualize microfinance traps. By using relational contract theory to interpret the qualitative data, we argue that microfinance traps can be reduced by balancing role integrity, preserving norms and reciprocity, and harmonizing the social matrix toward the family and loan group.     

基于城乡一体化的农村金融体系构建研究

近些年三农问题倍受重视,农村金融改革不断出新,但是以短期性、修补式政策措施居多,微型金融机构出现异化,农村金融需求仍难满足。基于城乡一体化的发展目标,本文提出前瞻性、系统性的顶层设计方案,分阶段、分地域、系统地构建城乡一体化农村金融体系,改善农村金融生态。     

Directors' Diversity and Board Performance: Evidence from East African Microfinance Institutions

Active board participation is one of the main challenges faced by microfinance institutions. This article sets out to explore the effect of board of directors' characteristics (age, gender, and education) on their ability to effectively perform their board roles (monitoring and resource provision). Microfinance policy makers are concerned with the role of boards in terms of the performance of the industry. This study used the agency theory and resource dependence theory to test the relationship between directors' characteristics and boards' performance. The empirical analysis is based on a survey conducted with 105 board directors representing 63 microfinance institutions from three East African countries (Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda). The results show a positive relationship between directors' age and their ability to monitor and provide the board with resources. The study also shows that the effect of directors' level of education on boards' performance is positive, while no evidence was found with regard to the effect of female directors on boards. The findings imply that board directors need to be appointed based on their personal characteristics and their ability to perform their roles.     

Globalization and affordability of microfinance

We study how globalization can differentially affect financial inclusion through the lens of microfinance. Based on an institutional logics perspective, we argue that MFIs embody both social logic and market logic with regard to provision of affordable microfinance loans. Speicially, social logic is amplified by greater social globalization and the stronger presence of nonprofit organizations (NPOs) in the microfinance industry. In contrast, economic globalization catalyzes MFIs' market logic, leading to weaker or greater affordability of microfinance, depending on the relative strength of the profit-maximizing motive and real competition. We test these predictions by focusing on MFI interest-rate setting and using longitudinal data from 2030 MFI observations across 50 countries from 2002 to 2012. We find that country-level social globalization measure is negatively associated with the average MFI loan interest rates and that country-level economic globalization measure has an inverse U-shaped relationship with the average MFI loan interest rates. These results support our hypotheses and suggest a more nuanced view on how globalization affects affordability of microfinance.     

Lending Risk in MFIs: The Extreme Bounds of Microeconomic and Macroeconomic Factors

Using 1,234 microfinance firms in 106 countries, this study investigates the determinants of default on the microcredit debt obligation of borrowers. Using the variant of extreme bounds analysis that systematically tests the fragility of coefficient estimates, we examine the importance of 42 variables in explaining default risk. At the micro level, the results from the modeling of model uncertainty reveal that regulation, cost per loan/cost per borrower, loan balance, borrower per loan officer, and the number of loan officers are robust factors. From the macroeconomic context, the time required to start a business and human capital are the determinants of default on debt obligations.     

阳光银行小额信贷模式:基于外部性理论的分析

本文以阳光银行为例,从经济学角度探讨了小额信贷外部性影响的解决途径。阳光银行对发展中国家小额信贷发展具有极强的示范效应：小额信贷机构只要设计有效降低贷款成本和控制小额信贷风险的机制,诱导更多借款人进入小额信贷市场,最终就可以实现小额信贷市场私人成本与社会成本的一致,提供社会理想状态下的小额信贷供给。