塞浦路斯危机背后

3月25日,塞浦路斯与"三驾马车"达成救助协议,通过银行重组、资本管制及团结基金3项法案,以换取100亿欧元救助资金。根据新协议,塞浦路斯第一大银行塞浦路斯银行将被保留,而该国第二大银行塞浦路斯大众银行将关闭并被拆分入一家"好银行"和一家"坏银行"。其中,大众银行低于     

零售银行面临转型

2005年前后.中国银行业掀起了一阵零售业务转型的热潮.其时我在中国银行个人部担任副职。那时就有银行提出要"打造成为中国第一零售银行和第一财富管理银行"有银行要"全力打造中国一流零售银行".有银行要"成为最好的零售银行",还有银行提出要进行"颠覆式"的零售战略转型等     

从影子银行到宏观审慎——中外影子银行差异概览

近年来,随着中国金融体系的逐渐完善和全球化的进程加速,影子银行也开始渗透到中国的社会体系中来。但是相对于美国的影子银行而言,中国的所谓的"影子银行"也只是从对应的角度而言的,即相对于传统的银行体系,这些银行具有美国影子银行的某些特征。本文将从影子银行的特点入手,着重分析美国影子银行和中国的"影子银行"之间的区别联系,并思考金融危机对中国金融发展的启示。     

直销银行 风头渐起

正提起银行的名字,人们经常讲这样一个段子:中国建设银行(CBC):"存不存?"中国银行(BC):"不存!"中国农业银行(ABC):"啊?不存?"中国工商银行(ICBC):"爱存不存!"中国邮政储蓄银行(PSBC):"怕死别存。"戏谑之中尽显传统银行的傲与慢。如今,一批有着呆萌名字的直销银行陆续在互联网上出现,"你好银行"、"小马bank"、"橙子银行",可谓是怎么友好怎么来。这些脱胎于传统银行母体的直销银行会否改变其"傲、慢"基因呢?     

全球银行规模快速扩张透析——2007年度全球银行1000强三大看点

全球主流银行规模正在快速扩张,全球银行产业集中度大幅提升,全球银行产业中的"中国奇迹"已经初步凸现. 全球银行新座次 7月底,在全球银行产业有广泛影响的英国《银行家》杂志"全球银行1000强"2007年度排行榜新鲜出炉.这是一份全球银行产业在经过了20世纪90年代以来持续的并购与重组、竞争格局不断解构与重构后的最新榜单.     

"流程"银行

从传统银行到未来银行 流程银行在国外已具有较为成熟的经营管理模式.1994年,保罗·阿伦在<银行再造--存活和兴旺的蓝图>一书中将哈默的企业流程再造理论引入银行业,提出了银行流程再造理论.他认为,银行流程再造就是"银行为了获取在成本、质量、反应速度等绩效方面的巨大改变,以流程为核心进行的根本性的再思考和彻底的再设计".经由此种"根本性"和"彻底性"重构而成的银行可以称作流程银行.     

商业银行对公业务转型发展模式研究——基于“交易银行”理念

"交易银行"是指商业银行专注于客户的交易行为,为客户提供覆盖交易全过程的一站式综合金融服务方案。加快"交易银行"建设,探索对公业务转型发展的新模式,有利于商业银行转变对公业务发展方式、优化收入结构。该文通过对"交易银行"理念的内涵及主要特征的分析,并借鉴国内外商业银行"交易银行"建设进程和先进经验,从我国商业银行进行"交易银行"建设的必要性出发,为商业银行的对公业务转型提供可行的对策建议。     

地方债务治理对银行信贷资金"脱虚向实"的影响——基于国务院"43号文"准自然实验的经验考察

国务院"43号文"的实施,为研究地方债务的治理效果提供了一个准自然实验场景.研究发现:地方债务治理对银行金融资产没有产生影响,但会显著增加银行总贷款、个人贷款和企业贷款,有助于银行信贷资金的"脱虚向实";地方债务治理能显著增加银行实体行业贷款,但不能显著增加银行非实体行业贷款和建筑业贷款.机制检验发现,地方债务治理可以通过降低借款人和借款企业的融资成本,间接性地影响银行信贷资金配置.进一步研究发现,国务院"43号文"实施后,资产质量高的银行倾向于增加企业贷款和实体行业贷款,资产质量低的银行倾向于增加个人贷款;银行规模可以强化地方债务治理对银行贷款增长的促进作用.因此,为促进银行信贷资金的"脱虚向实",应提高地方债务治理水平,强化对银行业务的监管与引导,加强风险管理,保障银行资产质量.     

次贷危机背景下影子银行体系特性及发展研究

"影子银行体系"是造就华尔街昔日辉煌的有效机制,也是推动次贷危机衍生为波及全球之金融风暴的关键链条。文章界定了"影子银行"及"影子银行体系"的金融学概念,概括了影子银行所具有的不透明性、高杠杆性,表外性以及具有实质性的信贷膨胀效应等显著特点,深入剖析了影子银行体系脆弱性的主要根源:期限错配、自我加强的资产抛售循环、高杠杆率及风险跨境传递,最后阐明了金融危机背景下影子银行体系的未来走向。     

银行业务流程再造及流程银行建设的策略探讨

目前国内各家银行为了提高综合竞争力,都进行了基于数据大集中下的业务流程再造项目,以此实现由传统"部门银行"向"流程银行"的转变.本文通过对中国建设银行业务流程再造的实施措施及效果来探讨国内银行业的业务流程再造,打造流程银行的策略探讨.     

The financial and economic performance of social banks

ABSTRACT

The financial crisis of 2008 provides evidence for the instability of the conventional banking system. Social banks may present a viable alternative for conventional banks. This article analyses the performance of social banks related to the bank business model, economic efficiency, asset quality, and stability by comparing social banks with banks where the difference is likely to be large, namely with the 30 global systemically important banks (G-SIBs) of the Financial Stability Board over the period 2000–2014. We also analyse the relative impact of the global financial crisis on the bank performance. The performance of social banks and G-SIBs is surprisingly similar.     

Commercial bank ownership and performance in China

This study examines the determinants of bank performance based on proxy variables that assess the quality of assets, profitability, liquidity and overall performance. Using a sample of 111 Chinese commercial banks over the period of 2000–2012, we find that foreign banks appear to have better asset quality and overall performance although lower profitability compared to domestic banks. In contrast, the state-owned banks tend to be more profitable and have better liquidity position compared with other domestic banks and foreign banks. At bank level, equity/liability ratio exerts significant influence on overall bank performance, while at the macroeconomic level, per capital GDP, GDP growth, inflation and unemployment rates appear to have a bearing on bank performance.     

Fee or free checking? Noninterest checking account fees,competition and multimarket banking

This article analyses noninterest checking (NIC) account fees using a unique data set covering 11 875 observations on 1880 banks from 2008 to 2012. These data identify whether the bank has free or fee checking on NIC accounts and, where relevant, the fee and minimum balance to avoid the fee. Appealing to shrouded equilibrium theory, we hypothesize that banks, and particularly small banks, will avoid drawing the attention of myopic, low-income types by having stable policies, or will attempt to confuse depositors with contradictory policy shifts in the fee and minimum balance requirements. Competition and small bank size should favour consumers, but the meaning of ‘favour’ is complicated by large depositors and the banks subsidizing small depositors with NIC accounts.

The results support the avoid attention hypothesis, particularly for single-market banks, and weakly support the confuse depositors hypothesis. The largest banks, including three too big to fail banks, are most responsive to competition, with single-market banks far less responsive. Competition may be responsible for a dramatic decline in free checking among the largest banks, and substantial increases in minimum balances for those banks, since these effectively reduced subsidies. Simultaneously, single-market banks became more likely to offer free checking.     

Equity and asset growth among Subchapter S banks

Since 2004, commercial banks in the United States have been allowed to elect Subchapter S (hence Sub-S) status with up to 100 shareholders. That limitation may promote more effective monitoring of bank managers by shareholders which can, in turn, explain previous findings of superior performance among Sub-S banks. The present research focuses on the possibility that the shareholder limitation also constrains opportunities for bank growth, or a slow growth hypothesis for Sub-S banks. Using a differences-in-differences regression approach for a sample of community banks (i.e., less than $1b in assets) from 2004 to 2014, and controlling for initial assets and urban location, it is found that annual growth in real assets and equity was significantly higher among banks that never held Sub-S status than for banks that always held Sub-S status, and that banks switching to Sub-S later grew significantly faster than those that always held Sub-S status. Fixed effects regressions show that switching to Sub-S status significantly reduced equity growth, with asset growth significantly reduced after 2008. In conjunction with earlier findings, the results suggest that the availability of Sub-S status helped to protect and strengthen community banks across a time period including substantial financial turmoil.     

中国商业银行规模、治理与风险承担的实证研究

基于2000-2010年中国13家商业银行的非平衡面板数据对中国商业银行规模、银行治理与风险承担关系进行的实证研究,结果表明银行规模与风险承担呈U形关系;银行治理水平与风险承担呈负向关系;大型商业银行治理引起的风险承担比股份制商业银行高。因此,必须适当限制商业银行的规模扩张,加强商业银行的安全网建设,加大对大型、系统重要性商业银行的监管力度,提高商业银行尤其是大型商业银行的治理水平。     

基于因子分析的中国商业银行绩效评价

运用因子分析法对全国13家主要商业银行15个绩效指标进行分析,得出各家银行在银行规模因子、银行人均效益因子、银行安全性因子、银行成长性因子、银行盈利性因子诸方面的表现,并按照特征值加权给出了各家银行的绩效排序,在此基础上,提出了合理化建议。     

The Theory of the Second Best and the Competitive Equilibrium Model

We study the international transmission of bank liquidity shocks from multinational, Islamic, bank-holding companies to their subsidiaries. Based on a total sample of 120 Islamic and conventional bank subsidiaries, we test whether foreign bank lending for Islamic and conventional banks is determined by different factors. We estimate a model that includes subsidiary and parent bank characteristics as well as host and home country variables. Our empirical findings show that lending is negatively affected by the fragility of conventional parent banks' subsidiaries. Nevertheless, we show that parent Islamic banks do not significantly affect lending by subsidiaries. Finally, we examine the market discipline regarding the transmission of liquidity shocks. We also find that reduction in foreign Islamic bank lending is stronger for those that are dependent on the interbank market. We establish that the depositors react to a deterioration of bank performance and punish their institutions by withdrawing their money. We show that market discipline has a more important role for Islamic banks, whereas liquidity needs determine the change in conventional banks.     

Small is beautiful but large is not to be belittled: reply

We appreciate that the Italian central bank has been able to provide the requested information for our comparison of the research output of European central banks. Based on this information, the ranking of the Italian central bank improves considerably. Still, many small central banks have a better research performance than the Banca d'Italia and, after recomputation, our previous conclusion that “small is beautiful” is not compromised.     

Performance of Thailand banks after the 1997 East Asian financial crisis

The performance of commercial banks and government-owned specialized banks in Thailand is estimated after the 1997 East Asian financial crisis. Commercial banks exhibit increasing returns to scale, whereas government-owned specialized banks exhibit decreasing returns to scale, implying further increases in bank size and market concentration in the commercial bank sector but not for government specialized banks. Cost inefficiency varies by bank and is a function of the ratio of nonperforming loans (NPLs) to total loans, equity to total assets and liquid assets to total assets, as well as the number of branches. On average, banks with fewer NPLs, that are well capitalized and with adequate liquidity are efficient. Thus, stricter rules to regulate credit risk management and ensure capital and liquidity adequacy would enhance efficiency in the banking sector. Although estimated input substitutability appears to be low, labour and loanable fund are substitutes. However, labour and physical capital as well as physical and loanable funds are complements in commercial banks. All the three inputs of labour, physical capital and loanable funds are substitutes for the government specialized banks.     

Social aspirations in European banks: peer-influenced risk behaviour

We test a sample of 3,586 banks from 33 European countries to determine whether performances above or below a social aspiration level (median performance of peer banks) influence banks’ aggregate risk levels. Our results are consistent with the behavioural theory of the firm and prospect theory in that we find that bank performance below a bank’s social aspiration level is followed by increased aggregate risk, i.e. risk-taking behaviour in the subsequent year. Although under-performing banks tend to be risk-takers, large banks and banks with high aggregate risk levels tend to limit the increase in their aggregate risk levels.