A two-stage test for one-way analysis of variance

A two-stage analogue of the Ftest for one-way analysis of variance is proposed. Critical values are given for selected cases and the method of obtaining critical values is described. Comparisons of the one-stage and two-stage tests are made in terms of the expected sample size required to achieve a given power.     

Modelling response error in school effectiveness research

Statistical modelling of school effectiveness in educational research is considered. Variance component models are generally accepted for the analysis of such studies. A shortcoming is that outcome variables are still treated as measured without an error. Unreliable variables produce biases in the estimates of the other model parameters. The variability of the relationships across schools and the effects of schools on students' outcomes differ substantially when taking the measurement error in the dependent variables of the variance component models into account. The random effects model can be extended to handle measurement error using a response model, leading to a random effects item response theory model. This extended random effects model is in particular suitable when subjects are measured repeatedly on the same outcome at several points in time.     

The analysis of ranked data in blocked factorial experiments

A non-parametric method for the analysis of blocked factorial experiments, based on ranking within blocks, is proposed and shown to be equivalent to partitioning Friedman's test statistic into a set of contrasts reflecting polynomial components of the main effects and interaction. A slightly modified version of the procedure is suggested to partially overcome the problem of loss of power to detect one component when the model includes other components. This alternative procedure is shown to be equivalent to applying a standard normal theory analysis of variance to the ranks. The null distributions and power comparisons are investigated using simulation methods, and it is shown that the non-parametric methods are almost as powerful as the analysis of variance. Received: February 1999     

A Review of Simultaneous Painvise Multiple Comparisons

Abstract  A Review of Simultaneous Pairwise Multiple Comparisons. Simultaneous pairwise comparisons can be accomplished with numerous multiple comparison procedures. The methods differ in two essential ways: the choice of critical value and the specification of the estimated standard error of the mean difference. Those methods that assume homogeneous variances are not robust to violations of this assumption. The methods are contrasted via a numerical example. Results of recent Monte Carlo work are described. A choice between the G ames -H owell , D unnett , and C ochran procedures is recommended.     

On random fuzzy variables of second order and their application to linear statistical inference with fuzzy data

This paper summarizes some results on random fuzzy variables with existing expectation and variance, called random fuzzy variables of second order. Using the Frechét-principle and – via support functions – the embedding of convex fuzzy sets into a Banach space of functions it especially presents a unified view on expectation and variance of random fuzzy variables. These notions are applied in developing linear statistical inference with fuzzy data. Detailed investigations are presented concerning best linear unbiased estimation in linear regression models with fuzzy observations. Received: November 1999     

Estimation of finite population variance using random non-response in survey sampling

In this paper, an estimator of finite population variance proposed by Isaki (1983) is studied under the two different situations of random non-response suggested by Tracy and Osahan (1994). A distribution is proposed for the number of sampling units on which information could not be obtained due to random non-response. The estimators for the mean square errors of the proposed strategies are also suggested. This paper was written while both authors were members of the Dept. of Econometrics, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia. This paper was presented on SISC—1996, Sydney, Australia. The opinions and results discussed in this paper are of authors and not necessarily of their institutes.     

On the Conditional Variance of Fuzzy Random Variables

The conditional variance of random variables plays an important role for well-known variance decomposition formulas. In this paper, the conditional variance is defined for fuzzy random variables and some properties are proved, which especially generalize to the mentioned variance decomposition. Moreover, results for two special types of fuzzy random variables and an outlook for possible applications are presented.     

A COMPARISON OF THE POWERS OF A GENERALIZED FRIEDMAN'S RANK TEST AND AN ALIGNED RANK PROCEDURE BASED ON SIMULATION

This paper presents the results of an experimental determination by Monte Carlo techniques of the power functions of a generalized Friedman's rank test based on "standardized" ranks and a proposed test procedure based on aligned ranks for orthogonal designs. The simulation is carried out for five orthogonal designs and a number of Normal location alternatives and gives some information about the difference in power of the two test procedures for some orthogonal designs.     

Comparing mean efficiency and productivity scores from small samples: A bootstrap methodology

This paper provides a bootstrap methodology for constructing confidence intervals for means of DEA and econometrically estimated efficiency scores, Malmquist productivity indices, and other similar measures in small samples. The procedure is nonparametric since no distributional assumptions are required. An empirical example is provided.This research was performed while Wilson was under contract with the Management Science Group, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Bedford, MA 01730.     

R软件及其在标准化中的应用

标准化工作中经常需要运用统计方法进行数据收集和分析,但由于统计方法应用的复杂性和专业性,使得方法应用受到了限制。随着统计软件和计算机技术的发展,统计方法应用得到了简单化。文章介绍了一种近年来普及速度非常快的免费应用统计软件——R软件的简单应用,并给出了几个应用实例,便于实际应用者理解和学习。     

双色球中奖号码随机性检验

随着彩票的不断推广,市面上出现了各种各样预测号码的书籍以及软件,吸引了众多彩民的目光,而这些预测的号码究竟是否有其科学合理性呢?这里就从双色球为例,来检验随机号码的随机性,看双色球的中奖号码是否是随机的,最终通过SPSS软件运用游程检验的方法得到双色球中奖号码是随机出现的,因此建议彩民不要轻信各种预测号码的软件及书籍,而是应该做到理性博彩。     

Fixed and Random Effects in Stochastic Frontier Models

Received stochastic frontier analyses with panel data have relied on traditional fixed and random effects models. We propose extensions that circumvent two shortcomings of these approaches. The conventional panel data estimators assume that technical or cost inefficiency is time invariant. Second, the fixed and random effects estimators force any time invariant cross unit heterogeneity into the same term that is being used to capture the inefficiency. Inefficiency measures in these models may be picking up heterogeneity in addition to or even instead of inefficiency. A fixed effects model is extended to the stochastic frontier model using results that specifically employ the nonlinear specification. The random effects model is reformulated as a special case of the random parameters model. The techniques are illustrated in applications to the U.S. banking industry and a cross country comparison of the efficiency of health care delivery.JEL classification: C1, C4