出口加工区的技术溢出效应的文献综述

我国从建立第一批出口加工区以来,至今已过去六个年头了.随着经济的发展,最初建立出口加工区以便于管理出口加工贸易的功能逐步转变为如何更好地拉动当地经济发展.本文对上世纪70年代以来国内外经济学在出口加工技术溢出效应地研究进行了总结,并指出研究的一些不足之处,以期为我国开展相应地研究提供借鉴.     

出口加工区转型升级路径探讨

金融危机以来,促进转型升级成为我国对外贸易主战略,占据我国对外贸易半壁江山的加工贸易,首当其冲成为转型升级的重要载体。我国的加工贸易大多集中在出口加工区,实现出口加工区的优化升级,也就是将我国对外贸易转型升级落到了实处。     

进一步办好出口加工区

出口加工区是经国务院批准设立，海关实施封闭管理，专门从事出口加工业务的特殊经济区域，是当前我国开放程度最大，优惠政策最多的外向型经济区，具有“境内关外”的特点。福建省作为全国最早对外开放的省份，经济外向度比较高，2004年全省进出口贸易额已达475．46亿美元，约占GDP的65％；其中加工贸易出口达145．68亿美元，约占出口总额的一半。进一痔椎动外终留发展，     

出口加工区外部经济影响分析

设立出口加工区是我国规范加工贸易和加强加工贸易管理的举措之一 ,其目是为保障加工贸易健康、有序发展。文章从经济学角度 ,通过分析出口加工区的聚集与扩散效应以及挤出效应等 ,明晰其对相关产业和区域经济的影响 ,进而提出出口加工区发展政策与措施的建议。     

文献综述：FDI技术溢出效应的研究

一国吸引外资的原因除了促进短期经济增长之外,更长远地,是为了获得随FDI一同转移到东道国的先进技术。如何使伴随跨国公司而来的技术更多地溢出和扩散到本地企业,如何提高本地企业的吸收能力,是当前的重大理论前沿问题之一。文章从技术溢出的定义入手,分析了技术溢出效应产生的途径和影响技术溢出现象产生的因素,并对前人研究的结论做了广泛总结。     

中国出口技术溢出效应实证研究——基于Meta回归分析法

文章运用Meta回归分析法实证研究了中国出口技术溢出效应,结果发现采用生产率指标、出口虚拟变量和面板数据会提高出口技术溢出效应的显著性,采用后两者更有可能得到出口技术溢出效应为正的结论,其中省级面板数据回归结果最显著,行业面板数据回归结果为正的可能性最大;样本区间跨度越长,出口技术溢出效应越显著,且从2001年开始更有可能显著为正;利用OLS法能提高出口技术溢出效应的显著性。故在引入控制变量前提下,分别采用生产率和出口虚拟变量作为被解释变量和解释变量,基于面板数据,运用OLS法,更有可能实证发现出口技术溢出效应显著为正,特别是在2001年之后。     

Technology transfers,foreign investment and productivity spillovers

This paper explores the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and the productivity of host country domestic firms. We rely on a specially designed survey of over 4000 manufacturing firms in Vietnam, and separate out productivity gains along the supply chain (obtained through direct transfers of knowledge/technology between linked firms) from productivity effects through indirect FDI spillovers. In addition to identifying indirect vertical productivity spillovers from FDI, our results show that there are productivity gains associated with direct linkages between foreign-owned and domestic firms along the supply chain not captured by commonly used measures of spillovers. This includes evidence of productivity gains through forward linkages for domestic firms which receive inputs from foreign-owned firms.     

不同贸易方式技术溢出效应的比较——基于我国1987-2008年数据的实证研究

本文运用协整理论检验了我国1987-2008年间加工贸易进口和一般贸易进口的技术溢出效应.实证结果表明,加工贸易进口和一般贸易进口的技术溢出均对我国生产率起到了显著的促进作用,并且加工贸易进口的正向技术溢出效果远大于一般贸易进口的正向技术溢出效果.同时,加工贸易进口和一般贸易进口的技术溢出效应虽然长期显著地促进了我国生产率的增长,但这种正向技术溢出效应在短期内呈现出一定的滞后性.由于加工贸易进口在租金溢出效应、竞争效应与人力资本流动效应上的优势使得加工贸易进口的技术溢出效应大于一般贸易进口的技术溢出效应.     

The spillover effects of United States foreign trade zones

This article empirically tests the geographic and economic spillover effects of foreign trade zones (FTZs) in the United States by utilizing propensity score matching and the geographic rules of the programme. While these FTZ sites are designed to support manufacturing, we find that ZIP codes that receive FTZ sites experience growth in new and existing non-manufacturing establishments. Our results also show that FTZs spillover into nearby ZIP codes. We find that ZIP codes that border FTZ ZIP codes also experience positive effects on non-manufacturing establishments and these spillovers are strongest within a 5-mile radius of an FTZ.     

Africa's export structure in a comparative perspective

Cross-country econometric analysis informed by Heckscher–Ohlintrade theory suggests that the concentration of Africa's exportson unprocessed primary products is caused largely by the region'scombination of low levels of education and abundant naturalresources. In some African countries, the share of manufacturesin exports could be raised by improving infrastructure and policies.For most of Africa, however, the highest priority is to raisethe absolute level of exports in all sectors, and particularlyin sectors based on natural resources, following a developmentpath more like that of land-abundant America than of land-scarceAsia.     

Trade and the Transmission of Technology

This paper integrates earlier studies on the link of productivity and research and development (R&D) in different industries of a closed economy with the more recent emphasis on R&D-driven growth and international trade in open economies. In this framework, technology in the form of product designs is transmitted to other industries, both domestically as well as internationally, through trade in differentiated intermediate goods. I present empirical results based on a new industry-level data set that covers more than 65 percent of the worlds manufacturing output and most of the worlds R&D expenditures between 1970 and 1991. The analysis considers productivity effects from R&D in the domestic industry itself, from R&D in other domestic industries, as well as in the same and other foreign industries. I estimate strong productivity effects both from own R&D spending and R&D conducted elsewhere. The contribution of R&D in the industry itself is about 50 percent in this sample. Domestic R&D in other industries is the source of 30 percent of the productivity increases, and the remaining 20 percent are due to R&D expenditures in foreign industries.     

中国高新区绩效的时空演化及贸易溢出效应研究

采用基于DEA的Malmquist指数及VAR模型研究了我国52个国家级高新区1996-2009年的绩效演进情况,并对相应的贸易溢出效应进行了研究。结果表明：①高新区TFP指数呈上升趋势,其中,“增长效应”在发展初期对于高新区绩效的贡献较为突出,而在后期则是“追赶效应”的贡献更加显著。②东部高新区TC指数要高于中西部地区,而Ec指数要弱于中西部高新区。③高新技术产品产业内贸易的活跃无法显著提升高新区的绩效,而劳动力的比较优势和汇率条件的作用比较显著。高新区应该充分利用既有优势,通过吸引关键技术等手段提高国际竞争力。     

Dynamics of a two-sector endogenous growth model with intersectoral knowledge spillovers

In a two-sector endogenous growth model with learning by doing and intersectoral knowledge spillovers, we associate local dynamics with the slope of the excess demand curve for a consumption good. Factor intensity determines the income effect, which governs dynamics. We are grateful to an anonymous referee for his/her helpful comments and suggestions.     

敏捷生产方式的实施与出口加工区的发展

本文简评了有关出口加工区发展的理论，论述了生产方式变革对产业转移和出口加工区的影响，并从实施敏捷生产方式所提出的快捷化、高柔性的要求出发，探讨了新形势下出口加工区发展中的定位、发展策略及需要注意的问题。     

Factors for winning interface format battles: A review and synthesis of the literature

The literature on selection of interface formats is fragmented and does not provide an overall framework in which all relevant factors are included. Current frameworks are incomplete and focus on a subset of the total set of factors. In this paper we develop a more complete overview of factors based on the available literature. First, we perform an extensive literature study of 127 publications, resulting in 29 factors for format dominance. Second, we group the factors into five categories: characteristics of the format supporter, characteristics of the format, format support strategy, other stakeholders, and market characteristics. Third, we perform a meta-analysis and we specify the direction of each factor on format dominance. This results in a framework that facilitates assessing the chances that an interface format achieves dominance. We demonstrate that this framework is more complete than previous frameworks. The framework can be used by both researchers and practitioners to understand historical and current format battles as well as acceptance of formats without direct competitors.