中国高考录取与博士生录取的机制设计

学校录取机制问题是一个教育界广泛讨论的话题。本文探讨了目前高考录取平行志愿制度的优点和缺陷,提出降低投档比例、打通不同院校之间的专业志愿和增加志愿个数可以改进学生的效用损失。而博士生录取是另外一种类型的非统一录取学校录取机制问题,本文设计了一种偏好顺序机制,并证明了这种机制是满足公平、无浪费、个人理性、抗策略且帕累托最优的,最后提出在现实中运用该机制的具体措施。     

高考录取机制的帕累托效率分析

当前的高考录取机制是用考生的分数和对学校的志愿来分配入学机会的机制,分数是一个公平的指标,分数的高低决定了考生录取时的优先顺序。本文研究了当前高考的录取程序,分析了分数录取机制下的公平和效率问题。由于目前的招生录取机制并不是分数公平的机制,使得录取结果可能是没有效率的。如果使用分数公平的录取机制,考生真实申报对学校的偏好就是他的优势策略,录取结果可以同时达到帕累托最优和分数公平。     

高考录取机制的博弈分析

本文分析了高考招生中考后知分报考录取机制下的志愿填报博弈。完全信息时这个显示偏好博弈只有唯一的纳什均衡结果,均衡是帕累托有效和公平的。但是,真实的偏好并不一定是每个考生的均衡策略,达到均衡结果需要参与人之间的协调。使用文献中的Gale-Shapley学生最优机制,真实偏好是学生的优势策略,结果也是帕累托有效、公平的。本文介绍的录取机制,对于高考录取制度的改革提供了一种可行的思路。     

高考录取机制的博弈分析

本文分析了高考招生中考后知分报考录取机制下的志愿填报博弈。完全信息时这个显示偏好博弈只有唯一的纳什均衡结果，均衡是帕累托有效和公平的。但是，真实的偏好并不一定是每个考生的均衡策略，达到均衡结果需要参与人之间的协调。使用文献中的Gale-Shapley学生最优机制，真实偏好是学生的优势策略，结果也是帕累托有效、公平的。本文介绍的录取机制，对于高考录取制度的改革提供了一种可行的思路。     

高校招生院校端网上录取模式初探

普通高等学校招生2001年全面实行网上录取，多数省市区实行远程网上录取，2002年将全部实行远程网上录取。网上录取打破了传统的招生录取工作模式，要求建立一种崭新的模式，即网上录取模式。网上录取是个新鲜事，没有固定成熟的模式，高校作为招生工作的主体，广大高校招生干部如何解放思想，更新观念，建立一套行之有效的新模式是当务之急。     

网上录取对考试档案管理的影响与应对

随着我国科学信息技术的发展,网上录取招生逐渐成为主流的趋势,而考试档案管理是学生录取过程中的必经流程。同时网上录取会在一定程度上影响考试档案的管理方式。本文先对网上录取模式进行了介绍,对网上录取方式对考试档案管理工作所产生的影响进行了探讨与分析,旨在为网上录取工作的开展提供一定的帮助。     

网上录取对考试档案管理的影响与应对

随着我国科学信息技术的发展,网上录取招生逐渐成为主流的趋势,而考试档案管理是学生录取过程中的必经流程。同时网上录取会在一定程度上影响考试档案的管理方式。本文先对网上录取模式进行了介绍,对网上录取方式对考试档案管理工作所产生的影响进行了探讨与分析,旨在为网上录取工作的开展提供一定的帮助。     

基于异常剔除平均排位法的高校录取分预测

平均排位法是近年使用较多的一种高校高考录取分数预测方法,具有计算简便、预测结果好的优点。但在实际应用中,因部分高校点招或补录会造成最低录取分偏低,背离了录取主体分数,进而影响平均排位法录取分预测的精度。文章使用方差分析找出高校潜在的录取分异常值,并在平均排位计算时予以剔除。通过对在河北招生的298所院校近5年数据分析,结果显示异常剔除平均排位法相对传统平均排位法具有更高的预测精度。     

如何提升大学生的志愿服务水平

高校大学生志愿服务是青年志愿服务中以青年大学生为主体开展的一种比较特殊占主要地位的形式。文章通过透析高校大学生志愿服务体系中存在的主要问题进而提出如何提升大学生志愿服务精神的对策,分别对志愿服务主体建设、志愿服务运行机制建设和志愿服务项目建设进行了系统研究,以期有效提高我国青年志愿服务水平。     

春季MBA录取取消跨省调剂

近日,国务院学位委员会办公室下发了《关于做好2007年在职人员攻读硕士学位录取工作的通知》。根据该通知的文件精神,为保证培养质量,便于在职人员兼顾工作、就近入学,各类别专业学位（不包括工程硕士、农业推广硕士、兽医硕士、风景园林硕士）内的录取调剂工作,限在考生报考院校所在地（省、自治区、直辖市）的院校之间进行;     

Attendance and pricing at sporting events: empirical results from Granger Causality Tests for the Melbourne Cup

This study applies Granger causality tests to examine the relationship between attendance, admission prices and real income at the Melbourne Cup, which is Australia’s premier horseracing event and one of the world’s leading handicap races. The motivation for the paper is that while market demand suggests that causation should run from admission price to attendance, it is equally plausible that sporting authorities could alter admission prices in response to a change in demand reflected in attendance. The main findings are that in the short-run there is unidirectional Granger causality running from income to attendance, attendance to admission price and income to admission price, while in the long run both admission price and income Granger cause attendance.     

Utilitarian mechanism design for an excludable public good

This paper studies the design of optimal utilitarian mechanisms for an excludable public good. Excludability provides a basis for making people pay for admissions; the payments can be used for redistribution and/or funding. Whereas previous work assumed that admissions are governed by the payment or nonpayment of a price, this paper allows for arbitrary admission rules. With sufficient inequality aversion, nondegenerate randomization in admissions is shown to be desirable for certain model specifications, with and without participation constraints. The paper also gives a sufficient condition on the distribution of preferences under which randomization is undesirable.     

Public Education and Intergenerational Economic Mobility

This paper examines the role of public education in determining intergenerational economic mobility. It considers a model in which education is free and admission to schools is competitive. The results indicate that for mobility to increase during the process of development, the share of resources devoted to public education needs to be large enough to offset the relative advantage of having educated parents in academic attainment.     

An econometric model of tenure choice and demand for housing as a joint decision

This paper models a household's choice of tenure and demand for housing services as a joint decision imposing the restriction that both discrete and continuous decisions are derived from a single preference ordering. The utility index for households is the translog form of the reciprocal indirect utility function allowing for random preferences. Each household chooses between the two main tenures, the owner-occupied and subsidised rental sectors, but households may be rationed in either or both of these sectors and refused admission, in which case they are assumed to enter the third sector, uncontrolled rental. The model is estimated on UK data for 5895 households.     

Reshaping the schooling system: The role of immigration

This paper studies how the schooling system may be impacted by the number and skill type of immigrants. When the number of low-skilled immigrants is large, the education regime tends to become segregated. Wealthy locals are more likely to choose private schools and vote for a lower tax rate to finance public education. In contrast, high-skilled immigrants tend to reinforce the public system. The optimal immigration policy is highly skill-biased. The admission of high-skilled immigrants expedites redistribution toward the less-skilled local households through both a stronger fiscal support for public education and a reduction in the skill wage premium.     

The Problems of Transition, EU Enlargement, and Globalization

This paper examines how far the restructuring process toward a market system has proceeded in Transition Economies since the collapse of Communist regimes more than a decade ago, how ready these economies are for admission into the European Union, and how the globalization of the world economy is affecting them. The paper also presents a model of the restructuring process and of international trade during the restructuring process.     

Selective Schools

This paper studies how schooling admission tests affect economic performance in an economy where individuals are endowed with both academic and non‐academic abilities and both abilities matter for labour productivity. We develop a simple model with schools run by the goverment, where individuals signal their abilities by taking an admission test and sort into low quality and high quality schools. When abilities are poorly correlated in the population, as documented in the literature, a standard test based only on academic abilities can be less efficient than a balanced test, which considers both ability types. We show that a sequential testing strategy, with schools testing academic abilities and firms testing non‐academic abilities on the sub‐sample of graduates of high quality schools, does not necessarily replicate the outcome of a balanced test.     

A utilitarian approach to the provision and pricing of excludable public goods

This paper studies utilitarian welfare maximization in a large economy with an excludable public good where individual preferences are private information. If inequality aversion is large, optimal allocations involve the use of admission fees and exclusion to redistribute resources from people who benefit a lot from the public good to people who benefit little. If inequality aversion is close to zero, optimal admission fees are zero. Because of inequality aversion, information rents of people who benefit a lot from the public good receive less weight, so optimal provision levels for the public good are below first-best levels.     

Education Policies: Equity, Efficiency and Voting Equilibrium

This paper investigates the effects of two specific forms of intervention in the market for education: an ability test for admission to university and a subsidy to tuition fees financed through general taxation. Both these measures enhance equality of opportunity, but their equity and efficiency effects are ambiguous. This ambiguity is reflected in the political economy equilibrium which would emerge as the result of voting on the level of the ability test and of the subsidy.