城市落户条件的区域差异——基于全国46个样本城市的分析

通过考察城市落户的相关政策法规建立了城市落户条件评价体系,采用主成分投影评价模型对全国46个样本城市的落户条件进行排序和聚类.城市落户条件的高低设置存在着明显的区域差异.从人口迁移的地带分布、省际差异、人口迁移吸引中心的分布和经济发展平等方面阐释城市落户门槛的区域分布特征,为国家制定差异化的城市户籍改革制度提供决策参考依据.     

城市表层重金属污染的综合评价

城市的快速发展使得城市环境质量的评价日益重要,城市表层重金属污染的分析尤为重要。本文通过Matlab模拟重金属元素的空间分布,利用聚类分析描绘其统计分布,以此对城市不同区域重金属元素的污染程度进行综合评价。     

新政

大城市落户条件全面放宽近日,中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发《关于促进劳动力和人才社会性流动体制机制改革的意见》,要求以户籍制度和公共服务牵引区域流动。全面取消城区常住人口300万以下的城市落户限制,全面放宽城区常住人口300万至500万的大城市落户条件。     

国家级省级重点中学数量对人口迁入的影响——基于2009年137个城市的截面数据

改革开放以来,我国的人口迁移逐步趋强并渐显高度活跃态势,迁移流向趋于多元化,而教育逐步成为人口迁移的一个重要影响因素.基于2009年城镇住户调查数据,对我国137个城市的重点中学数量对市际人口户籍迁入的影响进行实证研究.研究结果表明,从全国137个城市范围看,重点中学数量对于一个城市的人口迁入有着正向作用.但是,这种正向拉力作用在不同地区存在显著差异,西部城市的教育发展水平相较于中部、东部城市吸引作用较小.     

基于灰色关联综合评价的海峡西岸城市群城市竞争力差异研究

海峡西岸城市群城市竞争力是一个复杂的多层次系统,其拥有由众多的影响因素组成的子系统,这些子系统之间相互作用,共同影响着城市竞争力。文章通过构建海峡西岸城市群城市竞争力评估指标体系,采用灰色关联综合评价法,对海峡西岸城市群竞争力进行了科学评估及比较,研究发现,海峡西岸城市群城市竞争力呈现出四大区域的非均衡差异分布,同时提...     

中国东、中、西三大地带人口迁移特征分析

中国东部、中部、西部三个地带在自然环境条件、历史开发程度、经济发展水平等方面存在地带间显著差异和地带内相对同质的鲜明特点。这使跨地带人口迁移成为省际人口迁移的主要模式和重要组成部分。从东、中、西三大地带角度考察跨地带人口迁移的数量与流向及分布、移民基本属性特征、在业状况及迁移原因等方面的特征。     

中国城市幸福感的空间差异及影响因素

本文以我国地级以上城市数据为基础,利用空间计量经济模型对幸福感的空间分布状况及其影响因素进行了分析检验。研究结论表明,我国城市幸福感呈现出典型的俱乐部特征并带有显著的地域差异。幸福感作为一种较为长期稳定的指标,受到前期条件、城市人均储蓄状况、公共服务等变量影响,而城市人均GDP、基础设施、城市特征等硬性指标对幸福感的空间差异几无影响。此外,上述影响因素的区域效应也必须引起足够重视。在推进"幸福城市"建设中,构建一个"倾斜而平坦"的城市体系显得尤为重要。     

中国东、中、西三大地带人口迁移特征分析

中国东部、中部、西部三个地带在自然环境条件、历史开发程度、经济发展水平等方面存在地带间显著差异和地带内相对同质的鲜明特点.这使跨地带人口迁移成为省际人口迁移的主要模式和重要组成部分.从东、中、西三大地带角度考察跨地带人口迁移的数量与流向及分布、移民基本属性特征、在业状况及迁移原因等方面的特征.     

红河流域地区的地理环境及其城市空间分布分析

地理环境是影响红河流域地区城市形成分布的重要因素。红河流域地区在红河这一特殊地理环境作用下,随着社会经济的发展差异,城市的空间分布具有不平衡性特点。在经济基础条件较好,交通条件相对发达的红河以北地区,较早具备了城市形成发展的条件。在地理环境的作用下,红河流域地区城市分布呈现出由北向南、由上到下的变化趋势。     

人力资本的区域集聚效应与中国现状研究

本文首先从理论上说明了人力资本对于经济发展的重要性,提出了解决人力资本问题需要从绝对存量和使用效率两方面着手。在分析了我国当前人力资本的区域分布现状之后,本文利用区域经济理论进行解释,并实证分析了影响中国人力资本区域集聚的各种因素,主要有人力资本的预期收益、产业集聚、人力资本培育能力和人口迁移制度等。最后,文章在对现有人力资本集聚效应的评价基础上提出若干政策建议。     

中国户籍制度：基本价值、异化功能与改革取向

户籍管理本质上属于民事登记和人口动态统计的一部分。新中国的户籍制度以严格限制公民自由迁移和设置城市准入资格为鲜明特征,是政府发展经济和调控社会的政策手段。改革开放以后,户籍制度在限制人口迁移方面有所松动,但户口归属仍然是城市外来人群的隐痛,并成为影响社会分层的隐性力量。新中国的户籍制度一直与社会公共产品的分享体制有紧密的联系。户籍改革与社会公共产品分配是"牵一发而动全身"的关系。户籍改革不可能一蹴而就,而应有相应的远期、中期和近期目标。     

Urban development,excessive entry of firms and wage inequality in developing countries

This paper examines the short and long-term effects of urbanisation, via favourable urban development policies, on income distribution and social welfare for a developing country, in which the urban manufacturing sector is characterised by imperfect competition and free entry. Urbanisation shifts rural workers to the highly productive urban sector, while causing production in urban firms to expand because of scale economies. However, urbanisation may worsen wage inequality between skilled and unskilled labour in the short term. In the long term, urbanisation can attract new firms to the urban sector and favourable urban development policies may result in excessive entry of firms, which can amplify wage inequality in the economy. This entry-amplifying effect is confirmed empirically, especially for low and lower-middle-income countries. If the entry effect is not considered, the impact of urbanisation on wage inequality could be understated by 13% for low and lower-middle-income countries.     

北京市海淀区"夫妻户口异地"家庭调查研究

近年来,海淀区居民与来自其他省市区的人结婚的现象越来越多.但来自其他省市区的人很难在结婚的同时将户口迁入到海淀区,这样就形成了规模日益扩大的"夫妻户口异地"家庭.本文对海淀区"夫妻户口异地"家庭的变动趋势、形成的原因及带来的影响等进行了分析.     

Big-box retail entry in urban and rural areas: are there productivity spillovers to incumbent retailers?

This paper empirically measures the potential spillover effects of big-box retail entry on the productivity of incumbent retailers in the entry regions, and investigates whether the effects differ depending on the size of the new establishment relative to the size of the local market. The results indicate that big-box entry increases the productivity of incumbent stores in two of three rural entry regions where the IKEA is large relative to the local retail market, while no productivity spillover effects could be found in the case of the urban IKEA entry in Gothenburg.     

城市核心竞争力系统分析模型

针对如何识别城市核心竞争力这一复杂的系统问题,采用系统分析的方法,从经济学和战略管理角度对城市核心竞争力要素进行界定,可以看出城市核心竞争力具有整合性和独特性的特点。所以在此基础上,通过对ELECTRE I决策方法进行改进,就可以建立识别城市核心竞争力的系统分析模型。     

Is there a negative relationship between the order-of-brand entry and market share?

The order-of-entry effect has been continually examined over the last quarter century, leading to the generalization that a negative relationship exists between the order-of-brand entry and market share. As the number of followers that become market share leaders and the conceptual arguments against this assumption grow, the nonexistence of this negative relationship has yet to be empirically demonstrated. This research challenges the generalization by examining market conditions in which a brand’s entry position has exerted a positive effect on its market share potential, compared with an earlier entry position. Using order-of-entry models consistent with extant literature, an empirical analysis of consumer scanner data across 375 followers reveals two situations that challenge the prediction of a negative relationship between the order-of-brand entry and market share.     

Safety evaluation model of urban cross-river tunnel based on driving simulation

Currently, Shanghai urban cross-river tunnels have three principal characteristics: increased traffic, a high accident rate and rapidly developing construction. Because of their complex geographic and hydrological characteristics, the alignment conditions in urban cross-river tunnels are more complicated than in highway tunnels, so a safety evaluation of urban cross-river tunnels is necessary to suggest follow-up construction and changes in operational management. A driving risk index (DRI) for urban cross-river tunnels was proposed in this study. An index system was also constructed, combining eight factors derived from the output of a driving simulator regarding three aspects of risk due to following, lateral accidents and driver workload. Analytic hierarchy process methods and expert marking and normalization processing were applied to construct a mathematical model for the DRI. The driving simulator was used to simulate 12 Shanghai urban cross-river tunnels and a relationship was obtained between the DRI for the tunnels and the corresponding accident rate (AR) via a regression analysis. The regression analysis results showed that the relationship between the DRI and the AR mapped to an exponential function with a high degree of fit. In the absence of detailed accident data, a safety evaluation model based on factors derived from a driving simulation can effectively assess the driving risk in urban cross-river tunnels constructed or in design.     

基于农村剩余劳动力转移的我国农业人力资本研究

保持与发展现代农业相适应的人力资本水平,是我国现代农业发展中急需解决的重要问题。从现代农业发展中的一个悖论出发,通过对现代农业发展困境的分析,认为设计一套符合新型农民培育的制度对促进我国农业的发展至关重要。目前,基础教育、职业教育和推进城乡公共服务均等化,是我国现阶段农民人力资本积累的最主要形式,而培育新型农民是推进现代农业发展的基本点和切入点。     

Testing Implications of Spatial Economics Models: Some Evidence from Food Retailing

Under certain conditions, spatial economics models predict an increase in product price after entry of new competitors in a market area. However, a review of spatial economics models suggests new competitors should cause lower prices in urbanized markets, although the effect is dependent on distance between the existing and new firms. An empirical analysis of entry in a local retail food market supports this hypothesis for food products but not nonfood products.     

长三角城市体系分布结构及演化机制探析

城市体系的形成与发展是多种因素共同作用的结果,对长三角城市体系首位度、位序——规模法则及二倍数规律的实证结果显示,长三角城市体系呈现出明显的首位型分布,上海首位城市特征突出。原因探析发现,长三角城市体系演化受自组织机制与他组织机制的双重影响。结论对于政府引导区域城市体系合理布局、实现优化演进具有重要启示。