产学研合作过程中知识转移绩效的关键影响因素研究

构建了产学研合作过程中知识转移绩效的影响因素分析框架,并以珠三角地区80家企业为样本进行了实证分析.实证研究结果发现,大学科研院所的合作经验、企业吸收能力与学习能力对知识转移绩效有显著的正向影响,企业的合作冲突性对知识转移绩效有显著的负面影响;而沟通频率、共识、大学科研院所的转移能力与企业的学习意愿对知识转移绩效的影响则不显著.据此,企业在选择产学研合作对象时,应重视对方所积累的合作经验;另外,为了更好地吸收及转化知识,企业应重视自身知识吸收能力、学习能力的培育,并在合作过程中尽可能减少合作双方的冲突.     

研发团队内部知识转移绩效影响因素的实证研究

基于现有知识管理理论,以研发团队内部员工之间知识转移为研究重点,提出知识转移的因素模型.通过多家企业的问卷调查,采用结构方程(SEM)的分析方法,对该因素模型进行了验证和修订.揭示了知识接受方、知识提供方、人际关系、知识特征因素对知识转移绩效的影响以及其相互间的量化关系,为企业知识管理的实践提供理论支持.     

企业信息技术外包中知识转移的影响因素分析

信息技术外包是企业在快速变化环境下的一种战略选择,而外包中知识转移对于外包的成功具有重要意义.本文针对信息技术知识的特点,从企业、外包商和双方关系等几个方面对企业信息技术外包中知识转移的影响因素进行了分析,建立了知识转移的分析模型,并在此基础上为企业实施信息技术外包提出了建议.     

知识转移对R&D联盟企业创新能力作用路径研究

本文对R&D联盟企业知识转移的路径进行了研究,深入的分析了知识转移的影响因素,构建了一个包含多个影响因素的理论模型。该模型引入知识转移效果和合作机制作为中介变量,深入剖析知识转移因素对企业创新能力的影响。提出相应假设,运用结构方程模型对研究假设大样本数据进行路径验证。得出结论：知识转移效果和合作机制作为中介变量对企业创新能力有显著的正向影响。R&D联盟企业通过增强知识接收方的吸收能力和知识扩散方的传播能力来达到提高知识转移的效果,构建完善的联盟交易机制能够有效的促进联盟的知识转移的效率和提升企业创新能力。     

合作创新中知识转移与企业核心能力发展关系探究

知识和创新都是企业核心能力的基础.企业为保持持续的竞争优势,就必须不断地发展自身的核心能力.合作创新为企业提供了知识交流和融合的平台,且创新过程中的知识转移还为企业核心能力的发展提供了传动支持.     

中外合资企业知识转移的实现机理研究——基于知识接收方的视角

基于知识接收方（即中外合资企业）的视角,探讨了影响中外合资企业知识转移实现程度的因素,深入剖析了中外合资企业知识转移的实现机理．并给出了基于竞争价值方法的知识接收方的效能的测量指标体系,对中外合资企业知识转移过程“黑箱”问题的探索又向前迈进了一步。最后,指出了未来的研究方向。     

知识管理及其在监理企业中应用的研究

知识已成为继劳动力和资本之后的第三大经济增长要素,处于知识经济中的监理企业也在追求组织绩效的同时,体验到了知识管理为企业带来的巨大变革。知识管理改变了监理企业经营的时空观,彰显了智力密集型企业的巨大潜力。论文利用知识管理有关理论,结合监理公司实践,论述了知识积累、知识共享与知识创新过程,指出了监理企业在显性知识与隐性知识互动过程中的知识管理方法,体现了知识管理在监理企业持续组织绩效提高,以及监理企业核心竞争力动态培育过程中的根基作用,阐明了知识资源的资本化为监理企业持续创新之源的主题。     

隐性知识在项目团队中的转移效率

随着世界经济的飞速发展,知识经济也应运而生,把知识和经济紧紧地联系在一起,知识管理也逐渐提上议程.而隐性知识的管理是知识管理的核心,项目团队也是企业发展的核心单元,所以有必要将两者联系在一起考虑.本文通过研究影响隐性知识在项目团中转移效率的因素,并根据经济学知识创建了相关的模型,提出如何才能提高隐性知识在团队中的转移效率.     

跨国零售企业母子公司知识转移机制——以沃尔玛为例

零售企业在跨国扩张过程中必然伴随母国知识的转移活动,而由于国情不同,在母公司发展起来的优势知识到了海外市场可能无法适应,知识的内隐程度和地区嵌入程度将影响零售知识的跨国转移效果。本文以沃尔玛为对象,通过研究其在华经营活动,从知识特性的角度分析了母子公司间的知识转移机制。研究发现:知识内隐程度的高低可以影响转移的媒介,地区嵌入程度的高低能够影响知识转移的深度及本土化程度。内隐程度高的知识倾向以人员作为转移媒介,通过人员媒介可以使隐性知识显性化,并逐渐固化成标准化的物件范式;内隐程度低的知识则倾向以物件作为转移媒介。地区嵌入程度高的知识,母公司仅转移知识架构,在华子公司自行建构知识具体内容,以本土化为主;地区嵌入程度低的知识,母公司同时转移知识架构和具体内容,以标准化为主;对那些地区嵌入程度正在降低的知识,可以在初步本土化探索的同时,实施收缩等待战略,待时机成熟再实施与母国相同的标准化转移策略。     

网络嵌入影响企业创新绩效的概念模型与实证分析

本文有效整合社会网络、知识获取和创新绩效三个方面的理论研究,以知识获取为中间变量,构建网络嵌入影响企业创新绩效的概念模型,探究关系型嵌入和结构型嵌入影响企业外部知识获取并进而影响创新绩效的微观机理,并通过长三角地区270家本土企业的问卷调查与结构方程模型分析,结果发现:企业通过对组织网络的关系型嵌入和结构型嵌入能够有效提高外部知识的获取效应,从而对企业的创新绩效存在显著的推动作用。在此基础上,本研究试图为本土企业如何通过网络嵌入提高知识获取能力以及创新绩效提供理论指导和对策建议。     

基于产业集群升级的创新网络核心节点能力传递研究

在集群创新网络中,核心节点企业的创新能力较其他企业更强,研究核心节点企业创新能力传递对于集群升级至关重要。本文提出创新网络核心节点企业创新能力传递强度概念,并构建其概念模型。通过实证研究发现,创新网络核心节点企业创新能力传递强度对集群升级具有显著的正向影响,其中,创新能力传递速度和创新能力传递深度对集群升级促进作用显著;集群其他节点企业创新吸收能力调节了创新网络核心节点企业创新能力传递强度与集群升级的关系,并指出了研究结论的实践意义。     

Transfer in context: replication and adaptation in knowledge transfer relationships

This paper explores the role of replication and adaptation in knowledge transfer relationships. I develop a model of knowledge transfer in which firms replicate because knowledge is ambiguous and adapt because knowledge depends on context. In the model, firms replicate more when knowledge is discrete and adapt more when they understand the interactions between different areas of knowledge. Replication and adaptation lead to successful knowledge transfer, which leads to improved performance of the receiving unit. The predictions are tested using a survey of cross‐border knowledge transfer relationships among firms in the telecommunications industry. The results are largely consistent with the model and point to potential areas for future research, such as the drivers of replication, the depreciation rate of knowledge, and the role of understanding in organizational knowledge. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Enhancing mental models,analogical transfer,and performance in strategic decision making

Recent research suggests that managers often make strategic decisions in novel situations by utilizing past experiences to reason by analogy. However, there is substantial evidence that decision makers often fail to identify and apply knowledge about one situation to a similarly structured situation. Two experimental studies investigated the mechanisms impacting knowledge transfer from one managerial situation (the source) to an analogous situation. The results show that exposure to variation in the source situation improves transfer performance. Variation decreases performance in the short term but improves learning and increases analogical transfer. Higher performance on and systematic search of the source situation also increase transfer performance. These results yield important implications for enhancing analogical transfer in strategic decision making and for future research on reasoning by analogy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Knowledge transfer and international joint ventures: the case of NUMMI and General Motors

Using a case study of NUMMI, a joint venture between General Motors (GM) and Toyota, this research note examines alliances and knowledge transfer with a focus on the organizational processes used to transfer knowledge. The results suggest two possible explanations for the knowledge transfer outcome. The primary explanation is that the systematic implementation of knowledge transfer mechanisms can overcome the stickiness and causal ambiguity of new knowledge. A second explanation is that creating successful knowledge transfer should be viewed from a change management perspective in which trial and error learning experiences and experimentation support the transfer outcome. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Technological development at the boundaries of the firm: a knowledge‐based examination in drug development

This paper examines how the knowledge‐based view (KBV) can be applied to firm boundary decisions and the performance implications of those decisions. At the center of the paper is a theoretical and empirical examination of how firms most efficiently organize for technological development. We find that distinct organization approaches are advantaged in the speed of technological development depending on the structure of technological development problems and the depth of firms' technological area experience. We make theoretical and empirical contributions to KBV research that examines knowledge development and transfer. Drug development in the pharmaceutical industry serves as our empirical setting. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ambiguity and the process of knowledge transfer in strategic alliances

This research examines the role played by the ‘causally ambiguous’ nature of knowledge in the process of knowledge transfer between strategic alliance partners. Based on a cross‐sectional sample of 147 multinationals and a structural equation methodology, this study empirically investigates the simultaneous effects of knowledge ambiguity and its antecedents—tacitness, asset specificity, prior experience, complexity, partner protectiveness, cultural distance, and organizational distance—on technological knowledge transfer. In contrast to past research that generally assumed a direct relation between these explanatory variables and transfer outcomes, this study’s findings highlight the critical role played by knowledge ambiguity as a full mediator of tacitness, prior experience, complexity, cultural distance, and organizational distance on knowledge transfer. These significant effects are further found to be moderated by the firm’s level of collaborative know‐how, its learning capacity, and the duration of the alliance. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

营销能力对企业自主创新影响研究

中国企业普遍缺乏自主创新是否与营销能力低下有关,国内外已有研究没有能够很好回答该问题。本文提出了将企业的自主创新分为自主创新欲望、自主创新预期和自主创新绩效相互关联的行为逻辑过程,并建立了营销能力对这三个基本构面影响的理论假说和研究框架。通过企业实际数据验证表明:营销能力对企业自主创新过程存在正向显著影响。这一关系的证实将从营销能力视角,为提高中国企业自主创新的积极性、主动性和持续性提供新的对策研究思路与理论依据。     

An examination of the foreign market knowledge of exporting firms based in the People's Republic of China: Its determinants and effect on export intensity

Although the critical role of knowledge in generating organizational advantage has been increasingly recognized in the strategic management field, there is little research examining firm-specific foreign knowledge, the construct itself, its determinants, and impact on export performance. This study seeks to extend the foreign market knowledge literature in three ways. First, the current study develops a conceptual model of determinants of foreign market knowledge, based on the social capital theory. It explains how structural and relational social capital affects the creation of foreign market knowledge. Second, this study substantiates the theoretical link between foreign market knowledge and export intensity, which has been put forward by the internationalization process model with empirical evidence. Third, to expand the generalizability of the present foreign market knowledge model, this study tests the model using firms from different industrial types and product categories in a newly developing country, that is, the People's Republic of China.     

Specific customer knowledge and operational performance in apparel manufacturing

Customer knowledge is an important organizational asset that can be exploited to yield competitive advantage to a firm. However, empirical research on the application of customer knowledge to improve operational performance has been lacking in operations management. In this study we explore how customer knowledge can be used to improve operational performance under a supply chain environment in the clothing industry. We first conceptualize the relationship between customer knowledge and operational performance and delineate their attributes based on a review of the pertinent literature. We then formulate several hypotheses based on past studies and interviews with experienced industry personnel. We develop a self-reported questionnaire to collect data to test the hypotheses. Finally, we conduct a number of regression analyses to identify the key attributes (constructs) of customer knowledge that have a significant impact on operational performance. This paper contributes to research by demonstrating that there are relationships between specific customer knowledge and different facets of operational performance, and provides practitioners in clothing manufacturing with managerial insights on how to leverage customer knowledge for operational performance improvement.