Do science and money go together? The case of the French biotech industry

Developing technological applications, entering exploitation alliances, and choosing between research‐ or service‐focused strategic orientations are decisions that high‐tech firms must manage concurrently. This article explores systematically the contrasting effects of these strategic determinants on rent generation and rent appropriation using the entire population of French biotech firms (1994–2002). Findings indicate that science and money do not unconditionally go together–the direct relationship between rent‐accruing resources (e.g., patents or articles) and rent appropriation varies depending on the type of resources and the strategic orientation. Moreover, the effects of strategic determinants differ for rent generation vs. rent appropriation: 1) technological application diversity undermines a firm's capacity to appropriate rents–in particular for research‐oriented firms; 2) exploitation alliances favor rent generation but hinder rent appropriation; 3) service‐oriented firms exhibit significantly better performance than research‐oriented firms. Such evidence challenges the emergence in the biotechnology industry of a ‘one‐best’ strategic trajectory, as represented by research‐intensive start‐ups funded by private money engaged in publishing and patenting races. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Can first-mover and early-mover advantages be sustained in an industry with low barriers to entry/imitation?

This study examines whether first-mover and early-mover advantages can be sustained in an industry where the barriers to entry are generally low and new product innovations can be easily imitated—namely, the money market mutual fund industry. Using a simultaneous-equation supply-and-demand model of panel data from a variety of money market fund product categories, the study finds that first-movers and early-movers enjoy both a highly sustainable pricing advantage and a moderately sustainable market share advantage. These counterintuitive results are interpreted in terms of the structural characteristics of demand in the industry. Implications of these results for the ongoing debate between the ‘sustainability’ and ‘hypercompetition’ perspectives are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

价值链分析方法在医药行业研究中的应用

价值链（value chain）的名称是由美国哈佛大学商学院教授迈克尔·波特于1985年在其《竞争优势》一书中提出来的。作为一种强有力的战略分析框架,它已被许多领域广泛融入和吸收。本文简要介绍了价值链理论,并结合医药行业的实际情况,对价值链在行业研究中的应用进行阐述,包括行业价值链分析的主要思路、过程和方法,以及如何在价值链分析的基础上为医药企业确定能够争取竞争优势的竞争战略。     

青岛服装产业竞争优势的GEM模型分析

经过多年的积累和发展,青岛已经成为中国服装的重要出口城市和世界男装的重要生产基地,青岛服装产业现处于“多元化整合期”向“量——值转变期”转型过程中。因此很有必要站在产业可持续发展的高度上,结合山东半岛地区服装产业的具体情况,对青岛服装产业的竞争力做系统的研究。本文用一种新的研究方法来对青岛服装产业的竞争力现状进行一个定量的研究,以使人们看清现在、找出差距,谋求青岛服装产业的更大发展。     

基于区位商的河北省产业聚集度分析

产业聚集度是衡量某一区域产业集聚程度的重要指标,分析某一区域产业的聚集度,对于正确把握该区域的优势产业,促进区域产业的优化升级,提高区域产业的竞争优势具有重要作用。在此从区位商的角度对河北省产业聚集度进行深入分析,以期对河北省产业的聚集发展提供依据。     

我国大数据产业竞争优势研究--基于修正的钻石模型

近年来,随着互联网、物联网、云计算等IT与通讯技术的迅猛发展,经济社会已经进入大数据时代,数据快速增长成了许多行业共同面临的机遇和挑战。大数据的涌现不仅影响着国家管理模式、企业管理决策,而且也改变着人们的生活和工作方式,甚至引起了科研模式的根本性变革。基于此,本文借鉴迈克尔?波特“钻石模型”理论思想,运用修正的“钻石模型”理论,从高级生产要素、市场需求、相关产业和支持产业、技术研发、机遇、政府等6个方面,深入剖析我国大数据产业发展竞争优势问题。     

企业的竞争优势来源及其战略选择

本文在综合产业分析理论与核心能力理论的基础上,提出了一个分析企业竞争优势来源的动态架构,即“产业景气-战略群组-核心能力”这样一个一般分析范式。同时刻画了企业所处的“竞争优势空间”,分析了在位企业和潜在进入者如何根据这一范式制定有效的竞争战略。     

提升东北地区优势产业自主创新能力的思考

东北地区优势产业在经济转型升级、提高竞争能力过程中,面临着自主创新能力薄弱、缺乏有效创新机制和自主创新品牌等问题.不仅阻碍了区域优势产业的后续发展、老工业基地的振兴,而且还影响人民生活水平的提高.造成这种状况的原因在于：经济增长方式粗放、自主创新投入不足、创新人才缺乏和体制机制障碍.因此,调整政府创新扶持策略、增加企业研发经费投入、完善创新人才激励机制、转变企业自主创新实现方式,是提升东北地区优势产业竞争能力的关键所在.     

第X方休闲：变迁、效应与竞争优势

主体休闲产业可分为第一方休闲、第二方休闲和第三方休闲。当休闲产业发展进入休闲创意阶段后，有效的休闲治理组织形式是有管理的休闲集聚区，它能带来“政府部门监管与支持”、“第二方休闲成长”和“休闲消费者偏好”三方面的效应。在此基础上，本文构建了一个基于效应的休闲集聚区竞争优势模型。     

集群竞争力的动力机制以及实证分析

集群由于持续创新而显现的竞争优势，已经成为工业政策制定者的研究内容和模仿手段。为了揭示集群竞争优势背后的动力机制以及加强实施的可操作性，本文首先详细分析了集群的动力机制：基于社会资本的地域分工，外部经济，合作效率，技术创新与扩散，并分析其对应的竞争优势。然后，以嵊州领带产业集群为例，具体分析其动力机制，以及嵊州领带集群存在的问题，并提出相应的对策措施。     

东北老工业基地产业自生竞争力研究

本文在将比较优势理论和竞争优势理论结合的基础上,提出了产业自生竞争力的概念,并通过对产业自生竞争力的进一步理论分析,应用于对东北三省老工业基地的实证研究,得出东北老工业基地的整体工业基础和若干制造业具备自生竞争力的相关结论。同时,本文认为,将培育具备自生竞争力的产业作为核心,以此促进老工业基地优势的充分发挥,在新的国际和国内环境下获得新生,进而对国家经济社会的发展做出更大的贡献。     

An examination into the causal logic of rent generation: contrasting Porter's competitive strategy framework and the resource‐based perspective

In this study we revisit some fundamental questions that are increasingly at the heart of current strategic management discourse regarding the relative impact of industry and firm‐specific factors on sustainable competitive advantage. We explore this issue by referring to respective assertions of two major perspectives that dominate the literature over the last two decades: the Porter framework of competitive strategy and the more recent resource‐based view of the firm. A composite model is proposed which elaborates upon both perspectives' divergent causal logic with respect to the conditions relevant for firm success. Empirical findings suggest that industry and firm specific effects are both important but explain different dimensions of performance. Where industry forces influence market performance and profitability, firm assets act upon accomplishments in the market arena (i.e., market performance), and via the latter, to profitability. The paper concludes with directions for future research that will seek to integrate both content and process aspects of firm behavior. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.