Outcomes and Benefits of a Managerial Global Mind‐set: An Exploratory Study with Senior Executives in North America and India

Globalization and its associated challenges are compelling managers in multinational corporations to develop appropriate skill sets. An emerging body of research in international management has suggested that meeting this challenge requires the cultivation and development of a managerial global mind‐set. There has been limited empirical work on the outcomes and benefits of a managerial global mind‐set and consequently this article attempts to fill that gap. Based on semistructured interviews with a total of 56 senior executives of multinational corporations in North America (United States and Canada) and India, this study identifies five outcomes of a global mind‐set with benefits for managers and their organizations. The findings have theoretical implications, which are discussed along with their practical applications for multinational corporations, their senior executives, and human resource professionals, with respect to identifying management development programs that assist in the cultivation and nurturing of a global mind‐set. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Online advertising disclaimers in unregulated markets: use of disclaimers by multinational and local companies in the Brazilian toy industry

ABSTRACT

Researchers have documented whether and how companies use advertising disclaimers in regulated markets. We complement the extant work by analysing a sample of 449 online toy advertisements targeting children in Brazil, a largely unregulated market. Results show that multinational corporations are more likely to include disclaimers in their online ads than local Brazilian companies. Further analyses reveal, however, that advertising disclaimers used by multinational subsidiaries have more distractors that reduce viewer comprehension. Our research contributes to the fields of advertising and institutional theory by being the first to document whether and how multinational subsidiaries use disclaimers in online ads targeting an unregulated market.     

跨国公司文化管理

随着世界经济一体化的进程,跨国公司在世界经济生活中的作用日趋明显。同时,跨国公司的跨文化管理问題也成为了国际化经营管理中的重要课题。不同的国度有不同的文化观念,跨国文化的差异引起了跨国公司内部之间以及跨国公司与外部环境的文化冲突,那么,跨国公司文化管理就是在跨国经营中,对不同种族、不同文化类型、不同文化发展阶段的子公司所在国的文化冲突进行协调和融合,创造出公司独特的文化管理过程以维系不同文化背景的员工共同的行为和观念准则。     

跨国公司全球供应链管理背景下的上海国际贸易中心建设

在经济全球化的浪潮下,全球化供应链管理越来越受到跨国公司的重视。文章通过对跨国公司全球供应链发展动因的分析,探讨了跨国公司在我国实施全球供应链管理战略的新趋势。结合上海建设国际贸易中心的实践,文章提出加强其跨国采购中心和国际研发中心建设,使整个上海成为跨国公司的国际供应链中心,从而为上海国际贸易中心建设服务。     

The impact of U.S. devaluations on the stock prices of multinational corporations

In recent years, multinational corporations (MNCs) have faced several currency realignments including the U.S. dollar devaluations, and the revaluations of the Japanese yen and German mark. These adjustments precipitate defensive measures such as hedging by MNCs. While the strategies and tactics of such firms in adapting to currency realignments have received increasing attention in the literature [4,5,6,7,8], the question of how the stock prices of MNCs react largely has been ignored. This question is important both from the investors' viewpoint of investment timing and from the viewpoint of MNCs' managers relative to their abilities to use outside financing before and after realignment, as well as to the proper timing of such financing.This article investigates the behavior of stock prices of multinational corporations during two U.S. devaluations. Also, a model is presented which isolates the international component of the MNC's stock prices from its domestic component.     

Bridging the Digital Divide in Malaysia: An Empirical Analysis of Technological Transformation and Implications for E-development

This article uses research from the fields of international business, economics and industrial relations to investigate how the context of multinational corporations affects the bargaining power of shop-floor workers and senior management. It is set in the context of the Asia Pacific region. Senior executives negotiate their salaries from positions of strength, especially when their subsidiaries fulfil important strategic roles. In contrast, shop-floor workers can face threats to ‘move the plant to Asia’ when negotiating wages. These dissimilar negotiating positions provide the context in which wages are negotiated in the region. It is anticipated that the study will assist managers of multinational corporations and their employees’ representatives as they approach wage negotiations.     

Multinationals and structural changes

The effects of the activities of multinational corporations on the economy of the Federal Republic of Germany have hardly ever been examined empirically. The role of the multinational corporations (MNCs) in the process of structural change had not been studied either until an enquiry was recently undertaken for the Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs¹. The following article is based on the expert report which deals with this and other aspects for the first time and is to be published shortly.     

Political risk assessment by multinational corporations in African markets: A Nigerian perspective

Political risk assessment (PRA) is one of the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) and the competitiveness of multinational corporations (MNCs), yet little is known about its use in African markets. This study critically investigates the PRA techniques used by MNCs in Nigeria and their applicability. It uses a multimethod approach to analyze data collected from MNCs and the data set of the International Country Risk Guide (ICRG) PRA annual rating for Nigeria from 2011 to 2015. The findings reveal that most firms use qualitative, rather than quantitative, PRA techniques. Regional variations in the outcome of PRA within Nigeria could also contribute to the low use of quantitative techniques. This article identifies that firms are prepared to invest in Nigeria, in spite of high political risk, due to its economic and financial attractiveness. This article's findings offer some implications for practice with some suggestions on how it could influence firms’ internationalization and their conduct of PRA.     

The changing role of U.S.-based MNCs: A financial perspective

An increasing number of US.-based multinational companies have adopted a strategy of “inward-oriented” diversification in the 1980s. This article focuses on the ensuing financial performance of these firms, especially as compared to that of a group of U.S.-based domestic corporations. Specifically, well-known performance and risk measures are applied to a sample of multinational and domestic firms based in the U.S. The data are analyzed over three five-year periods (1979-1983, 1980-1984, and 1981-1985). The overall results, while providing total support for a few of the major issues and lending partial support to the others, seem to indicate that U.S. multinationals may have adopted a successful strategy in response to a changing global economic environment.     

US Multinational Involvement in the International Hotel Sector An Analysis

This paper seeks to explain the structure of the international hotel industry and the involvement of US multinational hotel corporations in it. This involvement has taken the non-traditional form of management contracts and franchising agreements, with little, if any, direct investment. From the point of view of the multinational corporation this form of involvement can be explained by the desire to expand rapidly to gain a major share of the world market, while minimising capital outlay and the risk of operation in an uncertain environment. Obviously, however, such involvement by multinational corporations would not have been possible, had not host countries looked on it with favour. Interestingly, such involvement has not only been merely acceptable, but indeed desirable to host countries, for it maximises skills transfer and access to a global marketing system, while reducing the control of the multinational corporation on domestic industry.     

Neither developed nor emerging: Dual paths for outward FDI and home country innovation in emerged market MNCs

Emerged market multinational corporations (EDMNCs) ? those based in emerged markets that have transitioned out of emerging economic status ? have received little research interest from the international business scholarship, despite their growing presence in the global market. EDMNCs face significant competitive pressure to leverage cross-border knowledge to innovate and leapfrog their middle-zone status between emerging and developed market multinational corporations. Analyzing 174 publicly listed South Korean MNCs and their outward foreign direct investment (OFDI), we find that an EDMNC’s OFDI into developed and emerging markets contributes unequally to its home-country innovation. We also elaborate on the moderating effect of industry peers’ OFDI into developed countries through crowding out and spillover effects. These findings have implications for the OFDI and innovation literature in general, and particularly for international business scholarship focusing on an under-investigated category of MNCs that are increasingly becoming successful in international competition.     

IP protection and ownership in cross-border acquisitions

We use the institutional theory to examine the impact of intellectual property protection on US multinational corporations (MNCs) ownership levels of their foreign acquisitions. Based on a sample of 7238 completed international M&A deals made by US MNCs from 1998 to 2017, we found that multinationals protect their intellectual property through more ownership when they are technologically intensive and invest more when IP protection is strong. However, IP protection negatively moderates the need for more ownership for technologically-intensive multinational corporations. Our results are robust to a battery of empirical tests, including a unique instrumental variable approach. This leads us to claim that our results are not merely correlated but are causal.     

跨国公司专利战略分析与应对策略构建

随着经济全球化的推进和市场竞争的加剧,作为保护技术创新的一种措施的专利权逐渐异化为跨国公司市场竞争的工具这种异化既是跨国公司有意推动的结果,也是市场竞争深化的反映。跨国公司专利战略的推行,以及将专利与技术标准相结合的趋势,使包括我国在内的一些技术水平有限的发展中国家的企业面对日益严峻的挑战。应对这种挑战需要政府和企业共同做出努力。     

Awareness Advertising and International Market Segmentation

In recent years, multinational corporations have increasingly employed advertising in markets where their products are not available. Such ‘awareness advertising’ is only in small part for products that are likely to be introduced in those markets in the near future. A significant and larger part of awareness advertising is for products that are unlikely to be sold in the particular market because of government restrictions on commercial importation and sale. In this paper, we will analyse the motivation behind the use of awareness advertising, the benefits that multinational firms may receive from such advertising and its implications for international market segmentation. The paper concludes with a discussion of areas for fruitful future research on awareness advertising.     

制度分割、产业集群与跨国公司区位

当前,产业集群快速发展,并已成为跨国公司的新区位,对文献的回顾也证明集聚经济已成为跨国公司新的优势来源。本文从经济组织角度研究了产业集群对于跨国公司区位的意义,特别注重制度分割对于产业集群的组织属性、效率边界及演进动力的作用,以及这种作用对于跨国公司区位的影响。最后提出发展中国家应以制度分割推进产业集群建设来制定引资战略的政策建议。     

The role of subsidiaries from emerging economies—A survey involving the largest Brazilian multinationals

Several research projects have been devoted to the study of the internationalization of Brazilian firms; however there is a lack of research related to the strategy and management of subsidiaries of Brazilian multinational corporations in other countries. This article seeks to contribute to filling this gap. An academic research study was conducted involving 30 Brazilian multinational corporations. Of the 93 subsidiaries involved, 66 foreign subsidiaries answered the questionnaires. The main results concern the identification of three factors and the proposition of a typology of Brazilian subsidiaries of multinational corporations: implementing subsidiaries; market‐exploiting subsidiaries, and aspirants to strategically relevant subsidiaries. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Multinational Corporations and Local Communities: A Critical Analysis of Conflict

As conflict between multinational corporations and local communities escalates, scholars, executives, activists, and community leaders are calling for companies to become more accountable for the impact of their activities on external stakeholders. In order for business to do so, managers must first understand the causes of conflict with local communities, and communities must understand what courses of action are available to challenge activities they deem harmful to their interests. In this article, I present a framework for examining the factors that contribute to multinational and community conflict including stakeholder power inequality, stakeholder perception gaps and cultural context. Moreover, I describe some of the ways that communities can increase their leverage in conflict situations.     

Case study: TV globo– the Brazilian media giant

Brazilian multinational corporations are operating in several markets around the globe. The export of technology is an important development toward diversification of exports and gains in global competitiveness. This article shows that a Brazilian multinational, TV Globo, has engaged in the exportation of indigenous technology in an area where the level of sophistication is relatively high and traditionally controlled by multinationals from developed countries.     

中印吸引跨国公司R＆D投资特点及优势比较

中国、印度是世界上两个发展中大国，并先后走上改革开放的发展道路，尤其是经济全球化时代以来，两国经济持续十年来都保持了高位增长。通过比较跨国公司在中国与印度的R＆D投资的特点，从跨国公司进行海外R＆D投资的动因方面对两国的优势进行了定性与定量两方面的比较分析，得出中印两国R＆D投资潜力都非常大，但中国的优势条件更能吸引跨国公司R＆D投资的结论。     

Public Affairs Management Activities of German Multinational Corporations in India

In this paper the importance of public affairs management in multinational corporations in India will be examined. After briefly discussing the state of the art in international business and society literature, a conceptual framework for public affairs management in multinational corporations will be developed. This framework serves as the theoretical basis for an empirical study among German multinational corporations in India. In the main part of this paper the results of this study will be presented and discussed. The paper ends with a critical assessment and some major implications for future studies.