关于国际R&D溢出对技术进步影响的文献综述——基于OFDI溢出渠道

随着经济全球化和中国对外开放进程的不断深入,中国企业的对外直接投资活动越来越备受关注。本文通过梳理国际R&D溢出及OFDI逆向技术溢出的相关研究文献,讨论作为国际R&D溢出渠道之一的OFDI所产生的逆向技术溢出对技术进步的影响,并通过整理影响OFDI相关因素的研究对中国目前现状及所面临问题进行分析与建议。     

对外直接投资与逆向技术溢出——基于企业微观特征的分析

本文从企业微观层面的角度出发,利用2005-2007年《中国工业企业数据库》与《境外投资企业(机构)名录》合并的综合数据库,根据企业是否进行对外直接投资,采用倾向得分匹配(PSM)方法考察OFDI对中国企业技术水平的影响;同时,本文还使用动态估计的方法对企业OFDI逆向技术溢出效应做了进一步考察。研究结果表明:中国企业对外直接投资促进了企业全要素生产率的增长,即OFDI具有正的逆向技术溢出效应;对于不同的行业和地区,OFDI的逆向技术溢出效应有显著差异;对不同生产率水平的企业,对外直接投资引起企业正的逆向技术溢出效应的大小也不同;企业研发投入和企业利润率对OFDI逆向技术溢出具有正向的促进影响。     

我国OFDI促进国内技术的实证分析

本文采用2003-2012年12个国家的跨国面板数据,研究东道国的经济制度质量和政治制度质量对我国OFDI逆向技术溢出的影响。检验结果发现,东道国的政府治理水平和经济自由度,对我国OFDI逆向技术溢出有积极的促进作用。另外,投资母国对外国技术的吸收能力是影响逆向技术溢出的重要因素。基于以上结论,本文认为我国应将政府治理水平高、经济自由度高的国家作为对外直接投资的主要目的地,以最大程度地获取OFDI的逆向技术溢出效应。     

OFDI、逆向技术溢出与国内企业创新能力——基于我国分价值链数据的检验

本文利用我国各省分价值链统计的OFDI存量数据检验了我国对外直接投资对国内企业创新能力的影响。结果显示:我国企业在海外设立的研发、制造和营运机构是OFDI逆向技术溢出的主要渠道,而非经营性机构和原料获取机构的溢出效应并不显著;这种溢出效应表现出明显的地域差异,东部地区主要依靠研发机构的溢出,中西部地区主要依靠制造和营运机构的溢出,而在西部地区,贸易机构也是逆向技术溢出的一个重要来源;在东中部地区,FDI仍是国际技术溢出的主要渠道,只有在西部地区,OFDI才是国际技术溢出的主导;对外直接投资的逆向溢出效应与境内资本的研发效率呈现出替代关系;货物进出口贸易对国内企业创新能力产生了负面影响。     

我国OFDI逆向技术溢出效应的研究与分析——从研发投入、人力资本、经济发展水平角度

随着中国对外直接投资的不断增加,有关OFDI逆向技术溢出效应的研究处于起步晚但是发展快的局面,但就其结果却众说纷纭.我国究竟是否存在OFDI逆向技术溢出效应?以及假使存在,其效应是否促进经济发展等问题仍然是研究重点.本文利用我国2003年~2013年的省级面板数据,借助OLS模型,实证研究了我国研发投入、人力资本以及经济发展对OFDI逆向技术溢出效应的影响.研究结果表明:OFDI逆向技术溢出效应的确在我国存在,且有促进经济发展作用,但是东中西部存在不同.     

对外直接投资对我国经济安全的影响效应分析——基于多重中介效应模型的实证检验

对外直接投资（OFDI）通过促进产业结构调整、合理配置生产要素、技术逆向溢出效应对母国经济安全产生影响。文章选取2003—2022年省级面板数据,对我国经济安全水平进行指标构建与测度,并建构技术溢出效应、产业结构、经济水平三种中介指标,基于多重中介效应分析OFDI对我国经济安全水平的影响路径。研究发现：对外直接投资能提升经济安全水平;产业结构升级与技术逆向溢出效应在OFDI与经济安全之间存在中介效应;政府干预程度强弱对对外直接投资与经济安全水平的关系具有明显异质性：弱干预地区中介效应对经济安全有明显的促进作用,强干预地区中介效应对经济安全有一定抑制作用。     

中国对外直接投资真的促进本国技术进步了吗?——基于OFDI逆向技术溢出效应的文献综述

作为经济正在迅猛发展的发展中国家,我国自十五届五中全会正式提出"走出去"的发展战略,国内企业逐渐在海外开展对外直接投资,而国内的学者也将研究目光集中在OFDI逆向技术溢出效应上,意图探究我国对外直接投资是否对本国的技术进步产生了促进作用。本文将从OFDI逆向技术溢出机理、实证分析结果和政策建议等三个方面对现有文献进行归纳总结。     

发展中国家对外直接投资与母国产业技术进步:一个文献综述

随着经济全球化浪潮袭来,各经济体之间关系愈加密切。对外直接投资(Outward Foreign Direct Investment,OFDI)作为推动世界经济增长的强大驱动力,对一国技术进步、创新发展具有重要影响。基于发展中国家视角,从OFDI理论综述到OFDI对母国产业技术进步效应的存在性、作用机制及影响因素的相关文献梳理,发现关于对外直接投资与母国产业技术进步的研究目前尚未达成一致意见。但总体上多数学者认为OFDI能够通过研发费用分摊、逆向技术溢出、人才流动等途径促进母国产业技术进步。建议增强技术吸收能力和府服务职能,并加强技术基础设施建设,以此推动我国对外直接投资健康发展。     

OFDI逆向技术溢出效应和人力资本吸收能力——基于中国行业面板数据的实证研究

本文采用我国2006~2012年行业面板数据,以14个OECD国家为主要研究对象进行实证检验,探究我国技术寻求型OFDI逆向技术溢出对本国全要素生产率、技术变化和技术效率变化的影响,同时考虑人力资本吸收能力。使用系统GMM回归方式的结果显示,在控制内生性的情况下,现阶段我国对外直接投资逆向技术溢出对全要素生产率的影响显著为负,具体体现为对技术变化的显著正向影响和对技术效率变化的显著负向影响,同时人力资本显著提升了对外直接投资逆向技术溢出效应。     

对外直接投资逆向技术溢出与全要素生产率:基于不同投资动机的经验分析

文章利用2003-2011年中国13个OFDI东道国和29个省份的面板数据,基于CH扩展模型,采用工具变量法,从OFDI投资动机的视角实证考察了技术寻求、资源寻求和市场寻求三类投资动机下的OFDI逆向技术溢出对全要素生产率的影响及区域差异。研究结果表明,积极的OFDI逆向技术溢出效应主要来源于对发达经济体的技术寻求型OFDI,这种效应在中国东、中、西部地区均存在,但中部地区的逆向技术溢出效应要比东、西部明显,来源于资源寻求型和市场寻求型的OFDI逆向技术溢出对全国及东、中、西部地区的全要素生产率均呈负向效应,以上结果是由中国OFDI的投资动机和区位选择决定的。因此,积极鼓励技术寻求型的OFDI,适时从传统的"走出去"战略向"投资技术获取"战略转变是当前中国OFDI的新挑战。     

Brown＇s Blossom in Britain-China

The overall strategic relationship between U.K. and China is ＂better than ever＂, China- Britain relations have maintained good momentum, with increased high-level exchanges and the reinforcement of strategic mutual trust, with more room for growth in the future.     

Challenge and Opportunity Go Hand in Hand——What Global Economic Agitation Brings to the China's Economy?

Domino effects of the global finance agitation As the origin of the subprime crisis,US financial institutions lost USS45 billion last year,accounted for over half of the total US,EU & Japan loss.Since January 15th,Chtigroup released its financial statement of the 4th quarter,showing a net deficit of USS9.83 billion,which marked the hisoric high of its quarterly deficit.     

Sinosteel：Extraordinary Moves in Industry Chess

Among the Fortune 500 firms,more and more images from China emerge out.On the 2008 list,Sinosteel Corporation,a landmark group of China industries quietly squeezes into the candidate line.As the largest steel service ＆ trade enterprise,its sales reached at RMB 111.24 billion,with a year-on-year increase of 83.03 percent,and the profit grew by 180.03 percent.On the Sinosteel 2008 Work Meeting,the president Huang Tianwen uttered,＂In the coming year,we will work for US$20 billion sales,and look forward to getting a position in Fortune 500 firms for ourselves.＂     

Walk Through Unusual Five Years—— An Exhibitor＇s Canton Fair Course

When the 103rd Canton Fair is approaching, an old friend of Canton Fair, Li Ying from Jiangsu prov-ince recollected his past five years＇ experiences to the grand trade meeting. Each year is special, with some unforgettable memories colored by the year.     

Jean-Pierre Duprieu： Willing to Be A Legate of Sino-French Business

Estaing, former French president, Valery Giscard d＇Estaing attended Sino-French Economic Seminar held in Shanghai in early April and said that the world center has shifted from the west to the east with many European and US companies entering into Asia, and China has the ability to play an important role in the world stage. Estaing, naming himself＂French Confucian＂, then said in Chinese that a cook-group includes 10 people in ancient Chinese soldier system and the cook is in charge of cooking for them. And people who belong to the same cook are actually ＂Partners＂.     

China''''s Stock Market Wave

The annual meeting of the World Economy Forum was held in Davos,a little town in Switzerland,on January 23rd to the 27th this year,with the theme"the Power fo Collaborative Innovation",over 2500 celebrates from ture political and cconomic circles of more than 80 countries and challengred logether to talk about the future of the global economy in 2008,A Forum for the problems and challenges that face whole world,some of the keywords which drew attention during the event were:the U.S.subprime mortgage crisis,soaring energy prices,the economic slowdown in the U.S.ermerging economic bodies,authority funds and the general unpredictable nature of the global economy.     

Trade Promotion from Neighborhood

If you are considering to trade with companies in Japan or expanding your .business to Japan, we are ready to help from the very beginning.＂ You will find this greeting at the first sight on the Chinese website of Japan External Trade Organization （JETRO）. JETRO has committed itself in delivering highly efficient and quality services to meet the demand of internal and external customs including Japanese companies, hence winning a good reputation in the international trade arena. In recent years, with its priority in advancing business cooperation in South and East Asia, JETRO has made great achievement in promoting trade between China and Japan. Therefore, China＇s Foreign Trade interviewed Mr. Yoichi Maine, Deputy Director General of JETRO BEIJING.     

Auto Parts Market Potential Coming into Surface

Looking at the increasingly fierce competition in the world auto market. global automobile manufacturing industry, taking Europe, the U.S. and Japan as representatives, is gradually forming a new type of relationship, mutual cooperation between whole vehicle and parts manufacturers. We can clearly see that auto parts manufacturers have become independent from the whole vehicle manufacturing companies, which means that the former structure of auto industry has greatly changed, and a new relationship,     

Domino Effect on Electricity and Coal Prices

In the middle of last December, the key purchase contracts for coal used in power generation in 2008 were signed, reflecting a demand for more than 1.085 billion tons. It is important to note that the country＇s five biggest power producers, China Huaneng Group, China Guodian Corporation, China Power Investment Corporation, China Huadian Corporation and China Datang Corporation, had settled on the prices on their purchase contracts, and they are expected to consume 290 million tons of coal for generating electricity,     

Slimmed May Day Holiday

Last November the State Council of China decided to renew its holiday system by reducing the seven-day May Day holiday to three days and introducing three new one-day public holidays, namely the Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Moon Festival. By doing so, the three golden-week holidays that were introduced in 1999, namely the Spring Festival, May Day and National Day, could be better distributed.