The effects of population density on subjective well-being: A case-study of Slovakia

The main objective of the study is to examine the effects of population density on individuals’ subjective well-being (SWB). The physical characteristics of the built environment have recently received more attention regarding their role in influencing well-being. The research is based on two waves of a representative survey EU-SILC (2013: N = 12,791 and 2018: N = 14,665). The study focuses on the emotional domain of SWB and uses a score based on the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5). In order to remove the potential problem of reverse causality, a two-stage least squares regression model with instrumental variables is used. It shows that population density positively affects the SWB score. The results reported in this study can be useful for urban planning aimed at optimizing spatial structure while taking into account the factors which positively affect subjective well-being. The findings can also be beneficial for assessing the resilience and vulnerability of cities.     

Explaining the East Asia miracle: The role of urbanization

Defying the law of diminishing marginal returns, many countries experienced high rates of investment for a prolonged period of time during their take-offs. This paper represents a first attempt to explain this contradiction from the perspective of urbanization. Urbanization provides opportunities for investment and helps moderate the capital/labor ratio in the urban sector. In particular, it promotes knowledge accumulation through “learning by doing”. This can explain why the law of diminishing marginal returns to capital is not applicable to economies in the early period of their catching-up. More specifically, we construct a two-sector general equilibrium model incorporating urbanization and “learning by doing”, predicting that in the presence of urbanization, as long as the “learning by doing” effect is sufficiently large, capital return will depict an inverted U-shape as capital accumulates or urbanization proceeds. Empirical evidence from China confirms the theoretical prediction.     

我国城市化与城乡一体化研究

剖析了我国城市化与城乡一体化的辨证关系,以此为基础,对我国城乡一体化的地域进行了类型划分,研究了不同地域类型城市化对城乡一体化的作用方式,并针对城市化对城乡一体化进程的障碍因素,提出了几点对策.以期在一种新的思维方法指下,为指导各级政府制定城乡一体化发展战略提供理论依据.     

苏北地区城市化问题的思考

苏北是指江苏省北部的徐州、连云港、盐城、淮安、宿迁等五市。作者通过对统计资料的分析发现 ,苏北地区城市化进程中存在城市密度较低、城市化质量不高等问题 ,根本原因在于地区经济规模小 ,城市化缺乏经济支撑。因此 ,加快苏北地区城市化发展应当集中力量重点突出中心城市和县城建设 ,建立五市合作发展机制 ,提高城市化发展的动力和活力。     

Influence of high performance work systems on employee subjective well-being and job burnout: empirical evidence from the Chinese healthcare sector

Over the last two decades, high performance work systems (HPWSs) research has been dominated by examining the effects of these systems on firm performance. Research on the impact of HPWSs on employees has been marginalised. This study examines the impact of HPWSs on two psychological outcomes for employees, namely, subjective well-being (SWB) and workplace burnout, by utilising data collected from 1488 physicians and nurses in 25 Chinese hospitals. It also examines the moderating effects of employees' organisational based self-esteem (OBSE), as an individual intervention and physician–nurse relationships, as an organisational intervention, on the relationship between HPWSs and employee outcomes. HPWS is found to increase employees' SWB and decrease burnout. Such well-being-enhancing and burnout-relieving effects are stronger when employees have high OBSE. The positive effect of HPWS on SWB is also stronger when there is a collaborative relationship among employees in an organisation. The major contribution of this study is to unpack the ‘black box’ of how HPWS influences employee well-being in the Chinese healthcare sector context.     

城市化对经济增长推动作用的经济学分析

经过国内理论界20多年来的研究与争论,已经基本上就我国存在低度城市化的问题方面达成了共识.但是对于城市化对经济增长的作用机理研究得仍然不够.文章以城市化对经济增长有推动作用这个已经达成共识的结论为阐述的观点,以宏观经济学、微观经济学的理论为基础,力图达到对城市化对于经济增长推动的作用机理进行系统的阐述.     

Antecedents of well-being: a study to examine the extent to which personality and emotional intelligence contribute to well-being

In the debate surrounding the relationships between HRM and performance, there is an argument suggesting that a focus on understanding the role of employee attitudes and behaviours may elicit valuable insights into performance drivers. In examining individual behaviour and performance links, there is evidence that well-being plays a significant role. Other notable performance antecedents are personality and emotional intelligence (EI). This paper explores the relationships between these variables and reports the findings from a study of 156 managers. Results show relationships between well-being and EI as well as with personality, although EI explained variance beyond personality dimensions. The implications for HR of these findings are discussed.     

Employee well-being attribution and job change intentions: The moderating effect of task idiosyncratic deals

We developed and tested a research model in which employee well-being human resource (HR) attribution differentially influences the intention to change jobs across organizations (i.e., external job change intention) versus that within the same organization (i.e., internal job change intention). Furthermore, we posited that task idiosyncratic deals (I-deals) moderated the relationships between employee well-being HR attribution and external and internal job change intentions. Results indicated that employee well-being HR attribution was negatively related to external job change intention, but positively related to internal job change intention. Further, task I-deals significantly moderated the relationships between employee well-being HR attribution and external and internal job change intention. Specifically, employee well-being HR attribution played a less important role in reducing external job change intention when task I-deals were high rather than low. On the other hand, high task I-deals significantly strengthened the positive relationship between employee well-being HR attribution and internal job change intention. Our study extends the careers literature by differentiating the impact of employee well-being HR attribution on job change intentions within an organization compared with that across organizations and the important role of supervisors in enhancing or mitigating these effects.     

现阶段我国农村城市化的负面效应及对策分析

随着改革开放政策的实施而加速推进的农村城市化已经实行了二十多年,人们看到较多的是它对农村发展所起的积极作用,但是我们也不应该无视其带来的负面影响.在政策或措施不当的情况下,负面影响表现得尤为明显.本文从农用耕地、农村环境质量、农产整体素质和小城镇无序建设四方面对此进行了简要的分析并提出对策建议.     

Spatial determinants of productivity: Analysis for the regions of Great Britain

This paper uses NUTS3 sub-regional data for Great Britain to analyse the determinants of spatial variations in income and productivity. We decompose the spatial variation of earnings into a productivity effect and an occupational composition effect. For the former (but not the latter) we find a robust relationship with proximity to economic mass, suggesting that doubling the population of working age proximate to an area is associated with a 3.5% increase in productivity in the area. We measure proximity by travel time, and show that effects decline steeply with time, ceasing to be important beyond approximately 80 min.     

Human resource management systems,employee well-being,and firm performance from the mutual gains and critical perspectives: The well-being paradox

In this study, we explored the additive, interactive, and nonlinear relationships among human resource management (HRM) systems, employee well-being, and firm performance. Based on a sample of 14,384 employees nested within 1,347 firms, we obtained three main findings. First, HRM systems yield a performance effect that exceeds the effect of single practice, suggesting positive synergies among HRM practices. Second, the opportunity bundle has a positive impact on firm performance, but when integrating it with skills and motivation bundles, the result becomes negative, indicating dis-synergy of interactions among HRM bundles. Third, at moderate levels of adoption, HRM practices are positively correlated with employee well-being and higher levels of commitment, job satisfaction, and management relations, as well as lower levels of anxiety. However, at high levels, the relationship is less positive and even turns negative with lower levels of job satisfaction and management relations. To close, we present research implications and future directions after discussing our results.     

基础设施投资与城市化之间的相关性分析

讨论了基础设施和城市化之间的关系,并设定了两者的测度指标.并在对近十余年全国和各地区的数据进行统计分析的基础上,分别建立了两者间短期和长期影响的数学模型,通过计算和验证得出了一些有价值的结论.     

Conflict and well-being of civilians: The case of the Russian-Ukrainian hybrid war

This paper investigates the contemporaneous effect of conflict on civilians living outside of the conflict zone. Applying a multi-dimensional concept of well-being, it uses two large household surveys over 2012–2016 to analyze how the Russian-Ukrainian hybrid war affected the financial well-being and health of people in both countries. We find that the conflict significantly worsened financial well-being in both countries. The impact mostly operates by worsening expectations about financial well-being and is inversely related to the distance from the conflict zone. Our analysis indicates an increase in chronic diseases in Ukraine over a longer period. Mental health is negatively impacted in both countries at the earlier stages of the conflict. However, in Russia this effect is significant only in the region bordering the conflict zone, while in Ukraine it is significant in regions farther away from the conflict zone.     

中国区域城镇化差异及成因解释

立足于中国式行政主导城镇化发展内涵,借助2002~2012年分省份面板数据展开经验检验。研究发现,省份内部和省际对城镇化差异的贡献率已经稳定在50%左右;大一统的城镇化战略是差异形成的主因,作用机制和渠道已经趋于固化;先导性战略布局的作用显著,经验上证实了区域城镇化梯度差异及格局重塑存在路径依赖的立论成立。因此,为实现全国联动的城镇化发展目标,未来东部沿海高城镇化水平省份应当深度推进城镇化战略,中西部内陆低城镇化水平省份可以继续实施城市化战略。     

农村劳动力转移与城镇化如何协调发展

本文在实地调查基础上分析了农村劳动力转移与城镇化进程的协调关系.认为,改革开放前的30年是不发展的协调;改革开放后的20多年是发展中的初步协调;现在应着力解决走向成熟协调的十个突出问题:建立最低工资制;八小时工作制;劳动环境和劳动保护;农民工住房;农民工养老保障;农民工医疗;农民工培训;农民工子女教育;工资拖欠;进城交通成本.本文还认为,我国大多数农区大多数农户,其所经营的农业实际早已破产.为什么规模庞大的中国农业还能维持再生产?为什么规模庞大的中国农民还能维持生计?主要靠2亿多农民进城做工和在乡镇企业做工.他们给农户每年带来约一万亿元的收入,支撑中国农业和农民生活的真正秘密正在于此.改革开放以来,我国经济的快速发展使综合国力大大增强,已经开始具有全面建设较低水平社会保障制度的能力.     

影响人的主观幸福感的经济因素

回顾了幸福感概念的演变轨迹,介绍了主观幸福感的不同定义及生成机理。阐述了收入、失业和通货膨胀等因素对人的主观幸福感的影响。     

城市化进程中的商业体育成长因素分析

本文运用经济学方法,对加速城市化进程中的商业体育产生及其成长的各种因素进行了系统分析,认为商业体育的成长是供给和需求共同作用的结果,政府政策对商业体育的成长有着重要作用,在加速城市化的背景下,商业体育成长是一个不可逆转的过程.     

基于幸福感视角的北川旅游经济发展研究

影响幸福的因素有很多,例如经济、婚姻、国家政策.但在北川这个经济和人均GDP还不发达的地区,通过发展旅游促进经济发展、提高人民收入仍然是提高当地百姓幸福感的最有效途径.     

The impact of management on the engagement and well-being of high emotional labour employees

Australia, like many other countries, suffers high turnover of nurses and police officers. Contributions to effectively manage the turnover challenge have been called for, and there are few Australian studies of nursing/policing turnover intentions. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of supervisor–subordinate relationships and perceived organisational support (POS) upon engagement, well-being, organisational commitment and turnover intentions. Second, we examined the similarities and differences between nursing and policing work contexts. The retention of nurses/police has been investigated from traditional management perspectives; however, we used a different theoretical approach – social exchange theory – and evaluated its utility as a framework. Findings are from Australian data collected during 2010–2011 from 510 nurses and 193 police officers, using a survey-based, self-report strategy. Partial least squares path modelling was used to analyse these data. Results indicated that for both samples, engagement predicts well-being and then, well-being predicts affective commitment and intentions to leave. MANOVA results suggested that nurses had significantly higher levels of satisfaction with their supervisor–subordinate relationships, POS, engagement, well-being and affective commitment than police officers. Only the intention to leave was similar for both groups. Given that turnover can be influenced by supervisors/management, this study provides new knowledge about targeted retention strategies.     

城市化率指标的本质与合理目标进度问题

针对当前我国地方政府制定高城市化率目标提出质疑,分析和讨论了这一现象的根源和本质,并指出地方政府不应盲目攀比,而须根据自身基础和发展条件,制定合理的、合适的城市化率目标.