Auction design and bidding strategy for the note issuance facility

Three auctioning methods are considered for the Note Issuance Facility. They are (i) the discriminatory auction where each winning bidder is paid his own interest rate bid, (ii) the stop-out-rate auction where all winners are paid the interest rate that clears the market, and (iii) the lowest-rejected-bid auction in which all winners are paid the lowest rejected interest rate bid. For each auctioning method, the bidder's optimal bidding strategy is derived and the note issuer's corresponding expected interest rate is obtained. The results under these three auctioning methods are then compared.     

水泵进水池模型试验设计与验收标准的探讨

进水池能否为水泵提供良好的进水条件,对水泵的安全高效运行具有极其重要的影响。在讨论现有几种水泵进水模型试验特点的基础上,对水泵进水池模型试验设计准则、模型比尺的选择及其模型试验验收标准进行了分析和研究。     

Introduction to design and analysis of production systems

In a two-party VMI channel, the vendor operates the basic stocking and delivery functions and makes inventory replenishment decisions while the retailer is responsible for customer acquisition and in-store services. This paper focuses on such retail channel and proposes an analytical model for the partners in supply channel to determine the inventory policy with the objective of optimizing system net profit. The model explicitly incorporates issues from both the vendor and the retailer in order to derive a policy for mutual benefits. To illustrate and obtain insights from the proposed solution procedure, we devise a set of numerical analyses based on various scenarios. Factors such as shelf-space-dependent demand, shelf-space capacity, demand pattern, logistics characteristics, and disparity between holding costs of the warehouse and the retail store are also investigated.     

The power of dimensional analysis in production systems design

Dimensional Analysis (DA) is a well-known methodology in physics, chemistry and other traditional engineering areas. In its simplest form, DA is used to check the meaningfulness of a set of equations (dimensional homogeneity). In the last century, the dimensional theory has been profoundly investigated: its highest achievement is the Buckingham theorem (or pi-theorem), which states that any equation modelling a physical problem can be rearranged in terms of dimensionless ratios, thus saving variables to be handled, and especially enriching the inner physical knowledge of the studied phenomenon.In this paper we investigate how DA can be applied to Operations Management (OM) topics and which benefits it can bring to researchers in this area. A literature review is performed to clarify the main operative issues regarding DA application (assumptions and limitations); then existing applications of DA to OM are explored, pointing out that few researchers have tried to apply this methodology in the OM research field.Stemming from this analysis, we applied the pi-theorem to the design of a Flexible Manufacturing System. A complex problem, requiring 13 dimensional quantities to be expressed, is first studied via simulation; then DA is applied, reducing the number of variables to 9 dimensionless ratios. The reduced problem has a suitable size to be analytically explored and a regression model is formulated which, compared with the simulation study, offers the same precision in analysing the FMS behaviour, being more compact and powerful. This application shows the potential of DA in OM research, and will hopefully draw the attention of researches to this powerful, but unfamiliar and therefore neglected, methodology.     

Economic design of an chart for short-run production

The aim of this paper is to present an economical design of an X chart for a short-run production. The process mean starts equal to μ₀ (in-control, State I) and in a random time it shifts to μ₁>μ₀ (out-of-control, State II). The monitoring procedure consists of inspecting a single item at every m produced ones. If the measurement of the quality characteristic does not meet the control limits, the process is stopped, adjusted, and additional (r-1) items are inspected retrospectively. The probabilistic model was developed considering only shifts in the process mean. A direct search technique is applied to find the optimum parameters which minimizes the expected cost function. Numerical examples illustrate the proposed procedure.     

光纤制造智能调度研究

光纤制造是典型的现代高科技产业,行业内普遍采用多设备的工作站模式,其生产特点为高速生产,集中控制,整合反馈质量控制模式。文章旨在建立智能调度模型,利用简化模型模拟三道生产线之间的多目标调度,通过变异系数法确定各自目标对应的权重,利用遗传算法作为核心工具求解建立的数学模型并利用工具对提出的方法进行验证,结果表明使用模型新预设的逻辑在新建立的制造执行系统的前后设备之间可以有效地实现工序设备之间的最佳匹配,优化三道工序之间的产能,提高设备效率。     

缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏试井分析模型研究

针对缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏经过构造及岩溶作用之后大尺度溶洞、裂缝发育比较成熟、尺度差别不大的情况,建立了溶洞及裂缝发育的双孔模型。利用裂缝及溶洞中流体的流动方程,建立了考虑井筒储集系数及表皮系数影响的封闭边界油藏双孔单渗试井分析模型;利用Laplace变换法和Stehfest数值反演法算法对数学模型进行求解,得到实空间下无因次井底压力的解析解;绘制并分析了试井典型曲线,并对试井典型曲线特征及不同参数对试井压力响应曲线的敏感性进行了分析。结果显示,所建立的试井分析模型能够反映缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏实际储层特征和流体的流动机理。研究结果为进一步完善和发展缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏试井模型、丰富试井解释方法提供了理论参考。     

An integrated production planning model for molds and end items

This study develops a mathematical modelling framework for simultaneously generating production plans for molds and the end items that are made with them. The inputs considered are the item demand (assumed constant over an infinite planning horizon), holding costs and shortage costs, together with the molds’ statistical lifetime distribution (in terms of number of uses) and costs pertaining to amortization, preventive replacements and corrective replacements.     

基于性能的住宅建筑抗震设计分析

基于性能的住宅建筑抗震设计方案既要技术先进,也要结构合理、安全和实用;既要降低工程造价,也要保证抗震设防要求和抵御地震风险的能力。基于性能的住宅建筑抗震设计方案应采用定性与定量相结合、理论与实践相结合的方法;应采用专家、技术人员和工人三结合;应符合现行的设计标准和规范的规定;应依据工程特点和功能要求,合理地选择建设场地和地基;应该选择有利于抗震的住宅建筑平面和立面布置、选择合理的抗震结构体系、处理好非结构构件和严格选用结构材料。     

A model of creative design process for fostering creativity of students in design education

Creativity, which is concerned with problem solving, is essential if we are to generate new solutions to the massive and complex problems in the unknown future. Our next generation needs an educational platform where they can be taught to possess creativity. Design education is such a way to foster students’ creativity. Therefore, it is essential to understand the creative design process and its routine in order to show how students can generate creative output and how teachers can guide students in the design process. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to investigate the creative design process as it is employed in producing creative designs, and further recommend how students can practise and learn to be creative based on the model process developed in this paper. The model is expected to provide a guideline for teachers to facilitate students along the creative thinking process.     

Managing seller-buyer new product development relationships for customized products: a contingency model based on transaction cost analysis and empirical test

Sellers often customize their product offerings in order to increase the value offered to individual buyers and gain a competitive advantage over the seller’s competitors. However, such customization has a downside—it usually requires considerable seller-buyer interactions aimed at matching the seller’s technological capabilities with the buyer’s needs, which can pose exchange risks such as the safeguarding and adaptation problems noted in the transaction cost analysis literature. In the present study, we develop a contingency model to investigate the impact of product customization on sellers’ perceived relationship satisfaction and subsequent expectations of relationship continuity. We draw on the logic of transaction cost analysis to hypothesize that product customization’s effect on satisfaction and continuity may be moderated by three activities that sellers may engage in during the new product development (NPD) process: education, product knowledge generation, and joint new product development.Our substantive hypotheses were tested with data from a national survey of 296 small to medium size firms in several high-tech industries using a series of hierarchical OLS regression models. Overall, we found mixed support for our hypotheses. The results indicated that joint new product development reduced the negative effect of product customization on seller satisfaction and enhanced customization’s positive effect on continuity, as expected. Contrary to our expectations, product knowledge generation activities increased the negative effect of customization on satisfaction; it also had no significant moderating impact on continuity. Buyer education activities were found to reduce the negative impact of customization on satisfaction, but showed no moderating effect on continuity.This study offers important theoretical and managerial implications. It is one of the first to rely on transaction cost analysis as a basis for examining how various relationship activities conducted during the new product development process moderate product customization’s effect on qualitative outcomes. Whereas traditional NPD processes have emphasized unilateral approaches to product development, our study provides evidence of how bilateral approaches to NPD can benefit sellers of innovations. We provide new insights for managers to consider when deciding whether to engage buyers early on and then continue interacting with them throughout the product development process when developing customized products.     

应用于水利工程物理模型试验的旋浆流速仪

分析研究了应用于水利工程物理模型试验的流速测量传感器和相关仪器,重点介绍了新型光电式流速旋浆传感器和两种智能流速仪的工作原理和应用方法。     

PLM education in production design and engineering by e-Learning

These days more attention is being paid to Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) using a technique for managing total product planning, design, manufacturing, sales, and disposal. We researched business processes and education curriculum of the PLM system in manufacturing businesses. We designed the curriculum of PLM education and developed part of a lesson. Most importantly, e-Learning is shown to be an effective tool for achieving educational objectives. We found that not only knowledge and theory but also practical education methods using case studies in an e-Learning environment are necessary for human resources to develop effective PLM.     

A conceptual model for knowledge dimensions and processes in design and technology projects

The present study sheds new light on the knowledge dimensions and processes that occur when designing new concepts and prototypes in higher education. In particular, this study aims to develop the conceptual understanding of activities and processes that help students to gain new knowledge and understanding while designing new products and services. I employed two data collection phases among undergraduate students with qualitative abductive data analyses in order to create a conceptual framework for understanding how new knowledge is created and managed in students’ social interactions. This framework also enables us to distinguish the user, business, technological and methodological knowledge dimensions that constitute the elemental perspectives for design processes. This study emphasises the need for students to use diverse methods to gain new knowledge for inventing and designing new technological solutions.     

A two-stage model for the design of supply chain networks

This research aims to develop an analytical model of the supplier selection process in designing a supply chain network. The constraints on the capacity of each potential supplier are considered in the process. The assumed objective of the supply chain is to minimize the level of customer dissatisfaction, which is evaluated by two performance criteria: (i) price and (ii) delivery lead time. The overall model operates at two levels of decision-making: the operational level and the chain level. The operational level concerns decisions related to optimizing the manufacturing and logistical activities of each potential supplier in order to meet the customer's requirements. At the chain level, all the bids from potential suppliers are evaluated and the final configuration of the supply chain is determined. The structure of the chain depends on the product specifications and on the customer's order size. An optimal solution in terms of the models for the two levels can be obtained by using a mixed-integer programming technique.     

A price leadership model for merger analysis

We provide a methodology to simulate the coordinated effects of a proposed merger using data commonly available to antitrust authorities. The model follows the price leadership structure in Miller, Sheu, and Weinberg (2021) in an environment with logit or nested logit demand. The model calibration leverages profit margin data to separately identify the extent of coordinated pricing from marginal costs. Using this framework, we demonstrate how mergers can shift incentive compatibility constraints and thereby lead to adverse competitive effects. The incentive compatibility constraints also affect the extent to which cost efficiencies and divestitures mitigate competitive harms.     

Purposes and analysis of industrial package design

A simplified analysis is presented of the physsical phenomena and mechanical stresses involved in schock and vibration hazards which lead to concealed damages. The role of industrial packaging design in reducing the destructive mechanical stresses to harmless levels is discussed. Consideration is also given to the factors to which contribute to an optimal package design based on a compromise between the cost of occasional concealed damage and the cost of extra protection achieved by the liberal use of expensive packaging designs.     

An integrated location,production, distribution and investment model for a multinational corporation

We present a mixed integer linear formulation that extends published models on multinational corporation facility location decisions by including exogenous variables such as exchange rates and tariff rates and incorporating production, distribution, and investment decisions. The model provides insights on production levels; facility configurations, distribution strategies and levels of investment needed at these facilities and explores factors that influence the facility's configuration decisions. Several scenarios are considered based on various facility configurations and levels of exchange and tariff rates. The results obtained from these show that the model's performance and results are in complete agreement with accepted economic theories.     

An economic production and remanufacturing model with learning effects

Managing inventory in reverse logistics has been receiving much attention in recent years. One inventory problem that has been of interest to researchers is the production and remanufacturing model, where used items are collected and remanufactured to satisfy customer demand. The available models in the literature do not discuss the learning effects in production and remanufacturing processes. This may not be true in industries where labour costs and learning costs are expensive. By modelling these learning effects, management may use established learning models to better utilize capacity, manage inventories, and coordinate production and distribution throughout the chain.This paper extends the production, remanufacture, and waste disposal model by assuming learning to occur in both production and remanufacturing processes. However, this paper also assumes that improvements due to learning require capital investment. Mathematical models are developed, numerical examples are provided, and results are discussed.