基于连锁零售企业退货管理的供应链协调机制研究

在对连锁零售企业退货物流网络结构进行分析的基础上,建立了与价格相关的随机需求下存在顾客退货和允许库存结转的单一供应商、单一连锁零售企业、单一产品的供应链模型。根据供应链一体化模式下得到的相关决策变量的一阶条件,论证基于回馈和惩罚的批发价格契约能够实现供应链的协调。研究表明,在给定回馈和惩罚因子的前提下,供应商可以通过调整目标订购数量来实现供应链整体利润的任意分配,并且当目标订购数量和回馈惩罚因子满足一定条件时,供应链的协调才是有效的,从而为连锁零售企业的退货物流管理提供了重要的理论依据。     

An investigation into the mediating role of cross-functional coordination on the linkage between organizational norms and SCM performance

Organizational norms as a set of embedded values and beliefs have long been recognized in literature to provide norms that bind individuals into collectivities. Drawing on resource dependence and relational marketing theories, the present study specifies five organizational norms: cooperative, cross-functional information sharing, intraorganizational knowledge sharing, participative culture and mutual trust for supporting cross-functional coordination in supply chain management (SCM). These organizational norms are examined in terms of the mediating role of cross-functional coordination for the relationship between organizational norms and supply chain performance. Analyses of data from a survey of high-tech firms in the U.K. substantiate that organizational norms impact on both supply chain responsiveness and firm performance through cross-functional coordination as a mediator. The implications of the positive effect of organizational norms on SCM performance are discussed for theory, practice and research.     

Digitalization within food supply chains to prevent food waste. Drivers,barriers and collaboration practices

Food supply chains increasingly rely on big-data management solutions to foster collaboration across the food supply chain and improve business performance. However, little is known about collaboration practices that actors on the digital food supply chain adopt to solve problems such as food waste, or about the drivers and barriers related to the digital transformation of the food supply chain. Most of food waste studies rely on quantitative analysis, which cannot reveal relevant details about the tensions and dynamics of collaboration. We conducted a qualitative study drawing on eighteen in-depth interviews - of managers of large multinational and local organizations covering different and relevant roles on the digital food supply chain - to investigate how organizational and food supply chain processes are affected by the digitalization of the operations along the food supply chain. By triangulating emerging findings with literature on supply chain management we discuss different views about collaborative practices for food waste prevention in the food supply chain and provide insights on how supply chain design and firms' operations have been re-conceptualized with the usage of digital technologies and on the institutional forces both limiting (barriers) and fostering (drivers) the diffusion of the digital food supply chain.     

The Nature and Causes of Effective Human Resource Management

Abstract : Four models of the causes of effective human resource management were tested using a large sample of national health service (NHS) provider trusts and districts. The four models, labelled organizational integration, policy integration, functional integration and process integration, were operationalized and tested in a regression analysis against a range of qualitative and quantitative measures of HRM effectiveness. The results reveal little or no association between the qualitative and quantitative measures of effectiveness and show that the models are better at explaining qualitative effectiveness. The most strongly supported models are organizational integration, reflected particularly in the formalization by senior management of HRM policy, and process integration, reflected in the quality and efficiency of personnel service and support. There is little support for policy integration — the idea of a coherent policy focus — and none at all for functional integration, that is, the view that a personnel department generously staffed by professional specialists will enhance effectiveness. The theoretical and policy implications of these results are discussed.     

网格供应链——基于时间Petri网的供应链协同管理优化

为了使当前供应链协同管理货物流程面临的时间效率得以提高,提出了一种将网格技术和供应链协同管理相结合的货物流程触发时间求解方式。在该求解方式中,为获得供应链货物流程的触发时间值,利用基于时间Petri网的可达性分析算法模型进行仿真计算,以在从订货、发货到收货的流程中,得到每个流程相对应的最早、最晚触发时间值,进而通过在网格环境下改善后的流程触发时间与相应的传统供应链流程触发时间值进行对比,明显的减少了时间上的浪费,提高了货物流程的时间效率,体现了将网格技术应用于供应链协同管理的优势。     

Effects of inter-organizational compatibility on supply chain capabilities: Exploring the mediating role of inter-organizational information systems (IOIS) integration

Growing globalization and environmental uncertainty have increased the challenges managers face in delivering services or products to the customer. Integration of information systems across partnering organizations has become the backbone of supply chain management, as amalgamation facilitates the sharing of information required to enhance organizational flexibility and responsiveness while minimizing risk and inventory costs. Using data from the Australian retailing sectors, this study investigates the mediating role of inter-organizational information system (IOIS) integration on the relationships between inter-organizational compatibility and supply chain capabilities. The results indicate that inter-organizational compatibility of technical, strategic, and cultural inter-organizational dimensions facilitate IOIS integration and supply chain capabilities. To maximize benefits for all chain members, IOIS integration needs to be embedded in the strategies and goals of partnering organizations. Business-to-business and industrial marketing managers need to be aware that IOIS integration processes require support of top managers of the partnering organizations and should be embedded in the organizations' strategic goals.     

权力结构、任务依赖与供应链协调机制

协调机制是影响供应链绩效的主要因素,因而研究有效协调机制的特征及其建立条件,对于指导企业选择合作对象、管理合作关系具有重要的实践意义。本文在系统梳理和剖析协调机制研究主要流派的基础上,应用资源依赖理论和任务依赖模型,结合作者以往对我国家电行业供应链协调问题的实证分析结果,提出供应链协调机制的建立与运行机理。作者认为,每一种任务依赖关系都对应着一个潜在的有效率的协调机制,然而这一机制的运作需要特定的权力结构与之配合;成员企业凭借所掌控的关键资源,形成相对于其它成员的权力,并行使这一权力谋求收益份额最大化,这就可能导致协调机制的低效率;只有当权力结构与任务依赖关系相适应时,才可能实现供应链整体绩效的最优化。     

Inventory management in supply chains: A bargaining problem

This paper is focused on supply chain management from the perspective of inventory management. The coordination of order and production policies between buyers and suppliers in supply chains is of particular interest. When a buyer of an item decides independently, he will place orders based on his economic order quantity (EOQ). However, the buyer's EOQ may not lead to a favorable policy for the supplier. A cooperative order and production policy can reduce total cost significantly. Should the buyer have the dominant position to impose his EOQ on the supplier, then consequently no incentive exists for him to deviate from his EOQ in order to choose a cooperative policy. To induce the buyer to order in quantities more favorable to the supplier, the supplier could offer a cooperative policy associated by a side payment to the buyer. The research presented in this paper provides several bargaining models depending on alternative production policies of the supplier. With these bargaining models the offered cooperative policy and the offered side payment can be derived.     

从产品供应链管理走向信息化篚价值网络管理：双案例研究

近年来产品供应链管理得到了广泛的关注,而产品供应链强调的是产品从供应商到分销商乃至最终客户的流程活动,基于此很多供应链信息技术的运用都是支持这一活动过程的,然而,随着经济全球化以及市场变化的加剧,使得企业越来越从产品供应链转向信息化为基础的价值网络。通过安吉物流以及苏宁电器的供应链信息化运作为研究对象,揭示了新时代价值网络管理的特征以及组织方式。指出价值网络管理的运行不仅是供需之间的产品经营和信息的协同,更是计划、知识、流程和投资行为的协同化,此外在组织方式上,则是以服务为中心、供需互动为手段、链式、辐射式、星座式创新为基础的综合管理体系。     

技术能力对供应链信息共享程度的影响研究

信息共享是进行供应链管理的基础,也是影响供应链协调的关键决定因素。本文将技术能力用技术应用情况和技术联盟程度表示,将信息共享程度用信息共享质量和信息共享内容表示,通过问卷调查并运用结构方程模型进行实证研究。结果表明：技术联盟和技术应用对供应链信息共享质量和内容均有显著的正向影响;相较于技术应用,技术联盟对供应链信息共享质量和内容的影响更为显著。供应链企业应通过提高技术能力促进企业间信息共享,从而为实现供应链协调奠定基础。     

The effects of management inertia on the supply chain performance of produce-to-stock firms

This article examines the impact of inertia on the management of the firm's supply chain operations and the effects it can have on a produce-to-stock firm's ability to respond to external market pressure and develop corrective strategies. The research methodology used is based on earlier Catastrophe Modeling that looked at inertia in organizational design, competitive pressure, and competitive response. The model demonstrates how latent variables, such as customer pressure and supply chain inertia can influence a finished goods supply chain management's response under various conditions. The model was tested and validated using questionnaire data gathered from a sample of members of the Council of Logistics Management. The model was used to estimate individual finished goods firm inertia response estimates. We incorporate these estimates in a brief examination of three produce-to-stock firms from the sample to give readers an idea of the usefulness of the approach in examining supply chain inertia.     

The mediating effects of interfirm business process integration and joint teamwork on firm performance in supply chains

This paper empirically examines the influences of strategic interdependence and resource complementarity on operational performance and relational performance of Chinese suppliers based on the resource-based view and resource dependence theory. In particular, it analyses the mediating effects of interfirm business process integration and joint teamwork. We apply structural equation modeling to analyze the survey data collected from logistics and supply chain managers, and derive the best model with theoretical foundation and statistical significance. As a result, our work has identified the mediating effects of interfirm business process integration and joint teamwork, and validated the assertion that strategic interdependence and resource complementarity as supply chain resources are fundamental to firm performance. It is stressed that resource capitalization requires interfirm business process integration and joint teamwork to realize the value of supply chain resources. The findings not only contribute to research on interfirm resources and performance, but also have practical implications for operations and supply chain management.     

Does social capital matter for supply chain resilience? The role of absorptive capacity and marketing-supply chain management alignment

Marketing in an increasingly tumultuous marketplace requires resilience -the ability to withstand, adapt, and flourish despite turmoil and adverse change- that extends beyond firm boundaries. Although external resources are arguably essential to achieve resilience, little is known how and when firms' social capital derived from interorganizational relationships can lead to supply chain resilience. Therefore, we investigate the role of absorptive capacity and marketing-supply chain management alignment in realizing the potential impact of social capital on supply chain resilience. Using data obtained from dual respondents from 265 Turkish firms, we test the mediating role of absorptive capacity and the moderating role of marketing-supply chain management alignment. Our findings indicate absorptive capacity mediates the relationship between social capital and supply chain resilience, and the links between social capital and absorptive capacity and social capital and supply chain resilience are stronger when marketing-supply chain management alignment is high. We also find that supply chain resilience is positively associated with organizational performance, empirically supporting the proposed value of supply chain resilience for firm strategy. Accordingly, our paper highlights that both absorptive capacity and marketing-supply chain management alignment are necessary to realize the actual value of social capital for supply chain resilience and ensuing performance.     

基于供应链管理的房地产开发企业合伙模式研究

基于供应链的思想，传统制造业中的各个企业被看作整个供应链中的某一环节，供应链管理使企业集中优势资源与精力创造特殊价值，提高自身竞争能力并带动相关企业发展。房地产开发企业作为自身行业中的“集成制造商”，应该充分借鉴供应链管理的思想，大力发展与相关合作对象的伙伴关系，基于其独特的供应链的内部集成，建立合适的合伙模式，以达到降低开发成本、提高项目品质、增强企业核心竞争力的目标。     

A hub-and-spoke model for multi-dimensional integration of green marketing and sustainable supply chain management

Since the concept of sustainability was transformed into business mainstream, both sustainable supply chain management and green marketing have become key topics of academic research and managerial practices. Great advances have been made in the two areas in parallel. It has been recognized that green marketing and sustainable supply chain management should be seamlessly integrated so that green customer's needs can be better met by the supply chain capabilities. Existing research has explored point-to-point integration approach. This paper proposes a new hub-and-spoke integration model to integrate green marketing and sustainable supply chain management from six dimensions: product, promotion, planning, process, people and project (called the 6Ps). Empirical study has been undertaken with industries to test the 6Ps integration model. Results from the empirical study on integration dimensions, integration strategies, and drivers and obstacles for multi-dimensional integration are presented together with managerial implications. The new integration model allows the flows of resources such as information, materials and funds between green marketing and sustainable supply chain management through multiple direct pathways. It has the potential to achieve better overall business performance against the triple bottom line objectives.     

Governing collaborative activity: interdependence and the impact of coordination and exploration

We examine the performance implications of selecting alternate modes of governance in interorganizational alliance relationships. While managers can choose from a range of modes to govern alliances, prior empirical evidence offers limited guidance on the performance impact of this choice. We use an agent‐based simulation of interfirm decision making to complement empirical studies in this area. Our results point to a complex interplay between interdependencies, governance structures, and firms' search capabilities. Different patterns of interdependence create varying needs with respect to coordination and exploration, while at the same time different governance modes, coupled with organizational search capabilities, supply varying degrees of these factors. Firm performance in an alliance relationship improves when the needs and supplies of coordination and exploration are matched. We find situations in which stronger organizational search capabilities can backfire, leading to lower exploration within the alliance relationship, and hence to lower firm performance. Moreover, we show that for higher levels of interdependence, coordination can become more critical for firm performance than exploration: unless it is tied to coordination, exploration can be ineffective in alliance settings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PC行业的模块化与整合研究

本文研究了模块化对PC行业的影响,在此基础上分析模块化与垂直整合的关系,得出PC行业内模块化与垂直整合的变化规律。现今PC企业的竞争集中在供应链的竞争,本文认为PC供应链管理是建立在模块化基础上的供应链整合,延迟策略与全球物流模式体现了PC供应链整合的特点。PC行业的模块化与整合研究对其他行业也有重要参考价值。     

云制造环境下制造能力共享的动态策略分析

本文在物联网环境下,考虑制造商剩余制造能力共享的动态性及对需求产生的影响,借助微分博弈研究了单个云平台和制造商构成的两级供应链制造能力共享问题。分析了供应链中制造商占主导的Stackelberg博弈、纵向合作以及云平台提出成本分担契约的情形,构建了相应的动态模型,得到反馈均衡策略及利润;发现合作共享能提高供应链整体利润,一定条件下实施的成本分担契约能实现供应链的协调;最后,通过数值分析,验证了结论的有效性。     

Information sharing and profit allotment based on supply chain cooperation

To maximize customer value created by a supply chain system as a whole, one of the key issues in supply chain management is how to have profit and benefit properly shared between partners in an effective manner of the supply chain integration. In this regard, information sharing between partners plays a rather important role in business process and management integration of the supply chain. The paper focuses on analyzing the value created from information sharing by decreasing inventory level and on investigating the collaborative mechanism of providing incentive to retailer by upstream partner via sharing profit gained information sharing in the context of three-echelon supply chain system. The issue of dealing with the interest conflict between the supply chain as a whole and individual partners is addressed based on information sharing analysis by means of cooperative game approach, a graphic model with three-dimensions is developed to depict the possible cooperative solutions of profit allotment between partners, and a problem solving method addressing how the profit allotment between partners can effectively motivate the partners to be cooperative with each other is presented as well.     

Impact of demand uncertainty on supply chain cooperation of single-period products

Cooperation is an approach of improving competitive advantages of a supply chain. A two-echelon supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer for a single-period product is studied, and retail-market demand uncertainty is described by coefficient of variation. We develop a cooperation mechanism to address the cooperation and its implementation between the manufacturer and the retailer, two market situations are considered: (i) the wholesale price and the order quantity are decision variables, (ii) the wholesale and the retail prices as well as the order quantity are decision variables. In both market situations, our research shows that: (1) the cooperation mechanism can improve the overall channel profits and the supply chain members’ allocated profits, (2) the described cooperation is conditional on retail-market demand uncertainty: it can be implemented if, and only if, the fluctuation of retail-market demand is relatively small and coefficient of variation of retail-market demand does not exceed an upper bound. Impacts of retail-market demand uncertainty on wholesale price, order quantity and/or retail price have also been investigated through analytical and numerical analyses. Although our research is based on the assumption that the manufacturer dominates the supply chain in the non-cooperative situation, which is not the case for most retailer-driven supply chains, this research is still significant on providing guidelines for practitioners in current China mid-level car market that is similar to situations described in the paper.