论作为宏观调控主体"准司法权"的税务机关侦查权

伴随税收法定原则的逐步落实,《税法通则》的制定被提上日程,税务司法体系改革成为了研究热点,税务警察制度的引进再获广泛关注.税务警察制度同时赋予了税务机关侦查权与警察权,立足于调制现状,我国目前并无成立税务警察之必要.但由于侦查涉税犯罪中税务机关初查手段的缺乏,侦查机关侦查涉税犯罪专业知识的不足,以及涉税刑事审判中税务机...     

税收犯罪与反洗钱研究

税收犯罪与洗钱行为具有极为密切的联系,洗钱可以为税收犯罪清洗犯罪收益,为税收犯罪提供动力和资金来源,同时税收体系本身也是犯罪分子用以洗钱的渠道之一。由于这种密切关系,现有反洗钱机制对预防和打击税收犯罪有着独特作用。本文通过分析税收犯罪的定义及特征、税收犯罪与洗钱之间的关系、税收犯罪洗钱的特点和手法等,对预防和打击税收犯罪洗钱行为提出了对策建议。     

对税收处罚制度安排的经济分析

税收犯罪是当前经济犯罪的重要形式之一,对于税收犯罪的预防,除了由税务机关严肃执法、加强征管外,对税收处罚制度本身的完善也是必要的。法经济学认为,税收犯罪与个人的道德水平无关,它是纳税人的一种职业选择。当他实施税收犯罪的收益大于成本时,就会选择犯罪。本文构建了税收犯罪数量与违法成本的关系、税收违法数量与量刑之间的关系、税收犯罪数量的决定、税收犯罪造成的实际收入和实际损失的关系四个数量模型,分析了合理的税收处罚范围、处罚程度和处罚方式,并提出对我国税收处罚制度建设的启示。     

2005年全国查处的十起涉税大案回放

2005年以来，以虚开增值税专用发票和骗取出口退税为代表的涉税犯罪继续呈现高发态势，并出现了新的作案手法和特点。公安机关涉税犯罪侦查部门在税务部门配合下，以加强大要案件的查处为重点，督促和指导各地公安机关税侦部门不断加大打击力度，坚决遏制涉税犯罪持续高发的猖獗势头，成功侦硬了一批涉税犯罪大要案。2005年十起涉税大案的侦硬，充分反映了当前涉税犯罪的严重性及公安机关为维护税收秩序所进行的不懈努力。     

关于改革税侦体制的思考

目前,我国涉税犯罪案件由公安机关的经侦部门管辖。公安机关因其"以块为主"的横向管理体制和不掌握纳税信息资料的先天不足,出现了受理案件渠道不畅、侦查协作机制不完善、行政执法与刑事执法不衔接和地方政府行政干预严重等侦查体制上的弊端。要走出当前涉税犯罪侦查的困境,必须对现有涉税犯罪侦查机制进行改革。建议建立一套单独的税务警察机构,以从根本上消除当前侦查体制上的弊端。     

试析检察机关特殊侦查措施制度构建

随着经济的发展，职位犯罪越来越突出，已成为世界性问题。职务犯罪严重侵犯国家和人民的利益，为打击职务犯罪，法律规定了在侦查职务犯罪时可以运用秘密性的、技术性的等特殊侦查措施。作为职务犯罪法定侦查机关的人民检察院，在侦查时应享有运用特殊侦查手段的权力，更好的侦查、追诉犯罪，打击犯罪。基于此，应赋予人民检察院在职务犯罪侦查中实施特殊侦查措施的权力。     

提高基层公安刑侦部门侦查能力的措施探讨——府谷县5．29案件引发的思考

犯罪具有先行性,隐蔽性,为了揭露证实犯罪,离不开对侦查能力的研究。基层公安刑侦部门基础弱,底子薄,但它却承担着相当重的侦查任务,在目前犯罪率不断上升的情势下,有必要采取措施提高基层公安刑侦部门的侦查能力。     

美国税收犯罪量刑规则及启示

美国税收犯罪量刑规则通过三个表格和五个步骤来实现税收犯罪量刑的规范化,保障罪刑均衡。深入研究税表、量刑表、刑罚表这三个表格设置的原理,以及量刑五个步骤的运作机制,对实现中国司法实践中税收犯罪量刑均衡的问题,具有借鉴意义。     

当前反贪侦查工作的难点及对策

当前,随着社会的发展和改革的延伸,贪污贿赂犯罪呈现出涉案领域广泛化、犯罪手段多样化、智能化和隐蔽化、犯罪分子反侦查能力提高化、犯罪团伙化等新特点。我们应当立足办案实际,以案宣法,加强侦查专项业务培训,积极引入现代办案技术,选好突破时机,运用审讯技巧,深挖犯罪。     

探析反洗钱机制在打击税收洗钱犯罪领域的应用

税收自产生以来,其地位和作用就非常重要,任何一个国家,一个政权,都离不开赋税的支持,尤其在现代社会中,税收更是国家收入的主要来源。而纳税人为避免自身利益的减少,采取各种手段抵制税款征收。随着经济的迅猛发展,税收犯罪急剧增加,特别是偷逃税款和增值税专用发票类犯罪类型尤为突出,导致大量税收流失。2003年以来,人民银行履行反洗钱职责,在协助侦察机关破获的大量涉嫌洗钱案件中,以逃税、虚开增值税专用发票骗税为代表的各种税收犯罪数量占有较大比重,税收犯罪与反洗钱的密切关系逐渐得到社会的关注,如何发挥反洗钱机制在打击税收犯罪中的积极作用,成为诸多学者研究的热点问题。一、税收犯罪与洗钱的关系概述     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.