大学生村官工作现状调查与政策分析——以扬州为例

大学生村官政策自1995年初步实施以来,已经取得了很大的成效,但仍有不少问题值得我们去探索研究。现以扬州市为例进行调查,分析大学生村官现状存在的一些问题,并提出政策上的建议,具有现实意义。     

进一步完善大学生村官培训的途径分析

选聘高校毕业生到村级组织任职,是党中央作出的一项重大战略决策。可是在现实中,大学生村官培训还存在着一些不容忽视的问题。因此,必须在贯彻落实中组部等12部门《长效机制意见》精神基础上,制定一套切合实际的培训制度,以保证培训工作有条不紊、行之有效的开展。,     

“大学生村官”现状调查与思考——以滑县为例

通过实地考察、访谈相结合的方式，对河南滑县留固乡、八里营乡等乡镇的大学生村官进行了细致的调查，从而对大学生村官对建设新农村起到的积极作用、存在的问题以及提出相应的对策等方面进行了阐述。     

中原地区大学生村官现状浅析——以河南省中牟县为例

大学生“村官”政策是党中央、国务院深入推进新农村建设所作出的一项重要战略举措。通过对河南省中牟县委县政府、乡镇机关、农村基层干部、广大农民群众及大学生村官进行调研和对数据资料的系统分析，了解该政策在基层的实施现状。对大学生村官在建设新农村起到的积极作用、存在的问题等方面进行了阐述，并提出相应的建议。     

大学生兼职行为的现状调查、问题分析和对策建议

大学生在校期间参与社会兼职成为一种较为普遍的现象。通过对南京五所高校329位大学生展开问卷调查,试图了解当前大学生兼职行为的现状,发现兼职活动存在的问题,并由此提出提高大学生兼职效果、促进大学生利用兼职获得能力提升、积累工作阅历的对策建议。     

大学生课外体育活动现状调查研究

通过问卷调查法、文献资料法、访谈法、调查法和数理统计法,对大学生参加课外体育活动的现状进行调查与分析研究,对其中存在的问题提出建议以及改革方案,以此改善大学生课外体育活动的现状,从而促进大学生课外体育活动的协调发展.为大学生课外体育活动更加丰富多彩地开展、更加完善提供参考.     

对“大学生村官”计划的若干思考

大学生村官计划在中国已经普遍实施起来,该计划是党中央和国务院根据中国现实国情所制定的一个利国利民的重大决策。其实施以来缓解了中国大学生就业压力,也促进了新农村的建设和发展,同时也为国家培养了基层干部人才。但是这一计划在实施中也遇到一些问题。从整体角度出发来审视该计划所产生的社会功能和遇到的问题,最后为该计划的完善提出建议。     

大学生创业支撑体系的现状

在我国经济发展的现阶段,大学生创业作为建设创新型国家的一股新生力量和潜在的重要力量,在缓解大学生就业压力和社会劳动就业压力上起着重要作用。同时针对目前中国经济结构由劳动密集型向知识密集型转变,大学生创业为其做出了重要贡献。当然大学生创业支撑体系是由政府,学校,产业,家庭等多个主体相互配合,从而形成良好的创业氛围。文章正是以此为出发点,通过以山西为例的北方地区和以江苏为例的南方地区,分别研究调查了两个地区的创业数量,创业质量,创业模式,创业体系,并且将两地区现状进行对比,分析现状及其所存在的问题,得出了一些中国目前创业政策的优势与不足。并且针对目前创业现状问题提出了相应的解决政策,以便更好的完善大学生创业支撑体系。     

影响大学生“村官”留村任职的调查研究——基于安徽省的实地调研

通过问卷和访谈法对安徽省250名大学生＂村官＂进行调研研究,了解大学生＂村官＂的任职现状,分析影响大学生＂村官＂留村任职的因素,在此基础上提出从大学生＂村官＂自身出发,加强思想政治教育工作和从外部客观条件出发,调整完善村官相关政策的建议和对策。     

高职大学生心理健康现状调查与分析

以某高职院校为例,对高职大学生心理健康现状进行调查,了解高职大学生的心理健康状况,以增强心理教育的针对性,优化学生心理素质,开发学生潜能。     

劳动价值论视角下的信息商品及其劳动分析

信息科学技术革命浪潮不仅创造出一种全新的信息商品,劳动创造价值的形式也发生巨大变化。概述了信息商品及其使用价值和价值的主要特性,并在此基础上分析其派生出来的新现象：创造信息商品价值的劳动具有不确定性;规范信息商品的实现过程成为信息产业发展中亟须解决的问题;信息服务业的劳动创造价值问题。     

马克思剩余价值理论视角下信息商品增值研究

信息劳动创造价值,如何在马克思剩余价值理论视角下研究信息商品增值是一个新的研究课题。信息劳动是复杂劳动,创建期投入巨大,一些信息商品具有独特形式。将信息生产的不同时期的区分引入复杂的劳动过程和价值增殖的研究：信息商品创建期和扩大生产期都属于生产过程,在生产中获得价值增殖的潜力,而通过流通过程,创造出巨大数量的消费受众,从而实现了剩余价值的获得。巨大的规模投资、极高的技术门槛和政府政策保护使信息企业获得超额剩余价值。     

Restructuring for shareholder value and its implications for labour

This paper provides an accounting analysis of the implicationsfor labour of restructuring for shareholder value. It presentsargument and evidence from the UK which suggests that activity-specificlimits on cost recovery constrain returns on capital. Theseconstraints encourage restructuring which aims to improve returnson capital through the reduction of labour costs. If labourloses directly, longer-term outcomes are more complex, as someworkers who retain jobs may gain, and much depends on the macrocontext. Overall, in the context of present-day capitalism,serial restructuring is likely to be a negative process forlabour that generates transitory benefits for capital.     

Labor theory of value and the uncertainty in capitalist economy

This article aims to offer a reply to Steedman’s critique of Marx’s labor theory of value. Although this critique having been there for about three decades, the anti-critiques from Marxists are up to date flawed with fatal limitation, losing sight of an important dimension of labor theory of value, i.e., without taking it as a theoretical tool of understanding the uncertainty rooted in capitalist mode of production. The first part of this article reviews the controversy initiated by Steedman. Part 2 discusses Marx’s dual theory of market value and Rubin’s interpretation. Our view is that, if Rubin’s interpretation is accepted, a refutation of Steedman’s critique towards Marx will be impossible. Part 3 of this article explores the possible reconstruction of market value in the perspective of the dynamics in the pivoting of market value. We concludes that, the relationship between the standard condition of production and value is not, as argued by Steedman, of deterministic and one-directional character. For Marx, labor theory of value is applied to analyze the uncertain relation between the means and the end, the condition and the result of capitalist production. Meanwhile, another reply is attempted towards the negative comment on labor theory of value made by contemporary evolutionary economist such as Hodgson. In our view, Marx’s labor theory of value is not irrelevant as claimed by Hodgson to the main topics of evolutionary economics such as variety and “natural selection.” It is through labor theory of value that Marx explains the co-evolution of technology and economy.     

The Italian approach to the theory of public goods *

Abstract

The subject of needs is the centre of attention of Italian public finance scholars. The financial activity of the State is justified by the existence of collective or public needs to whose satisfaction collective or public goods and services are linked. Italian economists have studied the problems of public goods in a general context, taking into consideration concurrently both taxes and public expenditure and giving prominence to positive analysis. Italian theorists have always been far removed from the classical approach, which denies the productivity of public services, and have deemed it necessary to take into account the political context in which fiscal structures operate. Their models include the State as a major factor. Herein lies the main value of the Italian tradition in public finance, which puts in coercion into the market mechanism via State intervention.     

Versioning of information goods under the threat of piracy

The present study investigates the effects of piracy on the quality decisions of a firm that produces two versions of an information good: that is, one version for a consumer with a high willingness to pay and a second version for a consumer with a low willingness to pay. On the assumption that there is no quality difference between the original and the illegal copy and that the cost of the copy is constant across users, we show that the presence of piracy induces the firm to choose a lower level of quality of the former and a higher level of quality of the latter relative to decisions made in the absence of piracy. We also discuss policy implications concerning the socially optimal level of copyright protection.     

对“价值”概念的几种界定

在经济理论领域内,“价值”是使用得最广泛,同时也是最复杂的一个经济范畴之一。在各种价值理论或观点背后,如何理解“价值”是关键所在。其实,“价值”最初是同交换密切联系在一起的,在交换中人们首先要解决的一个问题是一个物品换取他种物品的数量是多少,亦即交换比例如何确定的问题,当然交换比例应在逻辑上先于交换行为而确定的。进一步的研究表明,在关于交换比例的确定的量的分析之前,还必须回答交换成立的基础这一更加重要的质的问题,然而,这一问题开始进入经济思想家的眼界并不容易,能否意识到并同意这个问题是造成价值理论分歧的根本原因之一。据此,考察经济史上各种价值或价格理论,并对“价值”概念进行了几种界定。     

A materialist development of some recent contributions to the labour theory of value

The paper offers a novel interpretation and affirmation of theopening arguments of Capital, answering the fundamental butneglected question of why labour is the substance of value.Marx's arguments require that two philosophical threads, oftenseparated in the literature on value, be woven together. Theargument that value is the intrinsic ‘content’ makingcommodities exchangeable employs the thread of realism. Theargument that abstract labour is the emergent ‘socialsubstance’ of value employs the thread of dialectics.This interpretation develops the materialist and dialecticalphilosophy of E.V. Ilyenkov and deepens the approach to valuetheory initiated by Ben Fine.     

马克思的奢侈品生产理论及其现实意义

本文认为,马克思的奢侈品生产理论给我们的启示是:奢侈品和必要消费资料是相对的、互相转化的。随着人们生活水平的提高,奢侈品就变成必要消费资料。在社会主义条件下奢侈品消费者是一部分先富裕起来的群体,扩大奢侈品消费群体的过程就是提高人们生活水平的过程。越来越多的奢侈品成为必要生活资料,应当成为劳动力价值的构成部分。要提高工资水平以适应部分奢侈品消费的需要。当必要消费资料基本满足后,生产奢侈品是发展生产的方向。     

Beveridge's analysis of unemployment in 1909: the reserve of labour

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to provide a rational reconstruction of Beveridge's theory of unemployment published in 1909. First and foremost, it shows that his theory of unemployment is coherent – what Beveridge refers to as ‘the reserve of labour’ represents ‘unemployment’ as a whole; unemployment is due to the imperfection of the labour market and associated friction and the organisation of the labour market is necessary. Second, it suggests that as early as 1909, a negative relationship already existed between unemployment and job vacancies and that the segmentation of the labour market and imperfect information are key factors of friction. The first part of the paper provides a reconstruction of Beveridge's theory of the reserve of labour (1909) including causes and factors of unemployment and unemployment policies. The second part shows that certain founding principles of the ‘Beveridge curve’ (Beveridge 1944 Beveridge, W. H. 1944 [1953]. Full Employment in a Free Society, London: George Allen and Unwin.  [Google Scholar] [1953]) were already to be found in his 1909 book and that links can be established between Beveridge (1909 Beveridge, W. H. 1909. Unemployment: A Problem of Industry, London: Longmans, Green and Co.  [Google Scholar]), Phelps (1970 Phelps, E. S. 1970. The new microeconomic in inflation and employment theory. The American Economic Review, 59(2): 147–60. [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and Pissarides (2000 Pissarides, C. A. 2000. Equilibrium Unemployment Theory, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.  [Google Scholar]).