中国金融发展与经济增长关系的实证分析

本文在马尔科·帕加诺内生增长模型的基础上,建立了经济增长与金融发展两阶段模型,研究得出金融发展促进经济增长,且其作用呈放大态势的结论,前提是积极稳步推进利率市场化,同时重视金融结构的优化,以防止“流动转换机制”的恶性扩散。     

Financial integration, productivity and capital accumulation

Understanding the mechanism through which financial globalization affects economic performance is crucial for evaluating the costs and benefits of opening financial markets. This paper is a first attempt at disentangling the effects of financial integration on the two main determinants of economic performance: productivity (TFP) and investment. I provide empirical evidence from a sample of 70 countries observed between 1975 and 1999. The results for both de jure and de facto indicators suggest that financial integration has a positive direct effect on productivity, while it does not directly affect capital accumulation. I also control for indirect effects of financial globalization through financial development and banking and currency crises. While financial integration does not systematically increase domestic financial depth, it may raise the likelihood of banking crises, though only to a minor extent. Yet, the overall effect of financial liberalization remains positive for productivity and negligible for investment.     

Behavior of output during currency crises

This paper documents the behavior of output and its association with other macroeconomic variables in 195 episodes of currency crises in developing countries during 1970-2000. We find that about 60% of the crises are contractionary, while the rest are expansionary. Crises are one and a half times more likely to be contractionary in emerging markets than in other developing economies. The number of contractionary crises or their severity does not increase in the 1990s. Economies which experience capital inflows in the years prior to the crisis or an increase in external debt burden during the crisis are more likely to slow down during crises, while those with restrictions on capital flows prior to the crisis or are more open to international trade are less likely to do so. The results are robust to different ways of measuring changes in output during crises.     

Financial liberalization and remittances: Recent panel evidence

We investigate the impact of financial liberalization on remittances to 84 countries over the period 1986–2005. Explicitly accounting for the multidimensionality of financial reform, we find that the various dimensions impact remittances differently: Increased economic freedom in the financial sector, as captured by absence of direct government control over the allocation of credit, has a positive and immediate impact. However, the improved robustness of financial markets, as captured by the development of security markets, improvement in the quality of banking supervision, and removal of stringent restrictions on interest rates and international capital, has a negative and lagged effect. The net combined effect reveals that financial liberalization may have a modest negative impact on remittances in the long run.     

Leverage regulation: An agent-based simulation

An agent-based financial market model is used to simulate the effects of financial regulation to reduce financial leverage. Results suggest that regulating leverage using margin calls can lead to less frequent financial crises per century, however, it creates harder hit financial crises than without regulation. In addition, regulation where the central authority tries to prick bubbles also leads to less frequent financial crises, but, creates greater volatility. Lastly, I find that leverage regulation where agent’s ability to borrow is not dependent on price produces less frequent crises and less volatility than the other regimes.     

人口红利、贸易自由化与经济增长关系的实证研究

本文运用计量经济学模型分析了我国人口红利、贸易自由化及经济增长之间的相互作用机制,结果表明它们互为因果关系,其中人口红利的劳动力数量结构效应与经济增长之间存在U型关系,人口红利的劳资匹配效应及贸易自由化对经济增长的效应一直表现为正向促进。同时,研究还发现：劳动力数量结构效应是贸易自由化的格兰杰原因,即人口红利能够促进对外贸易水平进而推动经济增长;贸易自由化对经济增长的促进作用会随着贸易自由化水平的提高而有所减缓。     

经济全球化对发展中国家居民影响的实证研究

最近十几年,经济全球化的发展对发展中国家产生了很大的影响。从贸易自由化效应来看,经济全球化并没有给发展中国家带来人均收入的增长及就业率的提升,反而令其环境遭受破坏;从金融一体化效应来看,经济全球化加剧了发展中国家的贫富悬殊差距,并导致其国民经济的大幅波动。     

金融发展和经济增长:功能观与结构观的比较

金融功能观认为金融体系通过增强流动性、降低风险、监督经理与实行公司治理和动员储蓄等,降低信息成本和交易成本,提高储蓄向投资转化的效率。金融结构观指出不同的金融结构在不同的历史条件下,对经济增长的作用机制和效果可能也会有差异。功能观与结构观都在一定程度上解释了经济增长,但金融体系提供的金融功能具有不同的比较优势,不同的金融功能对经济增长的作用各异。金融体系是否推动经济增长取决于金融结构与实体经济的适应效率,在不同的发展阶段和国情条件下,只有适合经济发展的金融结构才能促进经济增长。     

我国货币政策是否要应对资产价格泡沫

研究结果表明,我国货币增长与房价上涨之间存在着显著的互为因果关系,货币供给对上证综指存在着单向因果关系.因此,货币政策应对房市泡沫必须采取事前应对策略,而对股市泡沫可以采取事后应对策略.针对房价泡沫,货币政策应采取及时紧缩货币措施进行干预,甚至可以采用刺破泡沫的极端手段.     

金融自由化风险向金融危机转化的可能性分析

本文认为,发展中国家的金融自由化在提高金融机构效率和赢利的同时,会带来许多新的风险,而且在一定条件下有可能导致金融危机。金融自由化带来的乐观预期和大量国外私人资本的内流会使汇率高估,极易遭受投机的攻击。从带来风险到最终引发金融危机,主要有三个风险阶段,即违约风险阶段、到期不能偿还风险阶段和汇率风险阶段。当金融自由化(如利率自由化、金融业务与机构准入自由化和资本账户自由化)带来的新的风险累积到风险临界值时,在受到国内突发事件、国际金融市场波动和投机资本攻击的情况下,金融自由化风险便会向金融危机演变。     

金融结构调整对经济效果影响研究——基于含交叉项的固定效应面板模型的视角

本文采用含交叉项的固定效应面板模型研究金融结构调整对经济效果的影响,并分析这种影响是否与经济发展水平及经济危机有关。研究发现,金融结构的调整对发达经济体和新兴经济体的影响效应具有差异性,而且在金融危机时期和非金融危机时期金融结构的调整对实际经济效果的影响程度和方向也有所不同。     

金融危机理论演进与发展研究

随着我国金融开放的深度和广度的不断提高,旧有风险进一步暴露,新的风险进一步产生。我国经济受全球经济波动的影响越来越大,发生金融危机的可能性也在增大。由于金融危机的最大特征就是货币的急剧贬值,关于货币危机的研究也最为成熟,目前已形成四代理论模型。而银行业危机理论和外债危机理论的研究比较分散,还没有形成像货币危机理论那样完善的体系。     

2012年我国经济发展战略前瞻性研究

面对2012年诸多不确定的因素,中央经济工作的会议公告透露出十分重要的中国经济发展战略将出现重大转折的新信息。这种转型将表现在摆脱＂货币依赖症＂、改变以往唯GDP是从的指导原则、调整实体经济与金融经济或虚拟经济的关系、减弱经济对房地产业的依赖等几个方面。     

Financial vulnerability and export dynamics

This paper examines the implication of financial shocks on firms’ export dynamics in developing economies. To address this question, we use the Exporter Dynamics Dataset, which contains new data on the microstructure of exports for 34 developing countries between 1997 and 2011, and investigate how exporter behaviour is affected by financial crises. We find that financial crises in both the origin and destination countries have a large negative effect on firm, product and destination dynamics, particularly in industries dependent on external finance. Financial crises make the costs of exporting more difficult to meet and in turn reduce firms’ ability to start exporting, introduce new products and sell to new destinations. We also find that the impact of financial crises is less pronounced in exporting countries with relatively more open capital accounts, suggesting that portfolio inflows may be a good substitute for underdeveloped domestic financial markets.     

Financial liberalization and banking crises in emerging economies

Financial liberalization often leads to financial crises. This link has usually been attributed to poorly designed banking systems, an explanation that is largely static. In this paper we develop a dynamic explanation, by modelling the evolution of a newly-liberalized bank's opportunities and incentives to take on risk over time. The model reveals that even if a banking system is well-designed, in the sense of having good long-run properties, many countries will enjoy an initial period of rapid, low-risk growth and then enter a period with an elevated risk of banking crisis. This transition emerges because of the way in which the degree of foreign competition, the marginal product of capital, and the bank's own net worth simultaneously evolve.     

资源、技术、制度与经济增长

资源、技术、制度三类因素在经济增长中的作用得到学术界越来越广泛的承认。从静态的角度,资源的数量取决于技术水平;一定技术水平决定了一个国家的潜在最大产量,而制度则决定了这种潜在量转变为现实量的程度。从动态的角度,技术变迁和制度变迁是解决人类与自然紧张关系的两种手段,不存在谁一定决定谁的关系;在经济发展的不同阶段,资源、技术和制度对经济增长的贡献不同。     

促进就业和再就业的财政对策几点思考

就业是民生之本,扩大就业,促进再就业,是关系改革发展稳定的大局,关系人民生活水平提高,关系国家长治久安的重大经济问题和政治问题。我国劳动力市场供大于求的现象将在相当长的时间里长期存在,解决就业,扩大就业是我们长期而又艰巨的任务。失业问题是市场失灵的一个领域,也是财政应当有所作为的一个领域。解决这一问题的出路在于推行积极的财政政策:扩大就业、营造良好的经济环境提升就业的弹性,建立完善统一的劳动力市场及社会保障体系解决失业危机。     

经济政策不确定性、金融稳定与波动的动态关联——基于中国2007—2019年数据的分析

基于宏观经济演化视角,本文构建经济政策不确定性、金融稳定与波动的分析框架,运用TVP-SV-VAR模型解析相互之间的联动效应及非对称性。结果表明:在2012年之前,经济政策不确定性在中期和长期内会加剧经济波动,金融稳定的变化也助推了经济波动;2012年之后,经济政策不确定性在短期和中期内加剧了经济波动,且金融稳定和经济波动呈现交互影响的联动特征;在2015年之前,经济政策不确定性加剧或趋缓态势在短期内降低了金融稳定性;在2015年之后,经济政策不确定性加剧在中期和长期内降低了金融稳定性,而经济政策不确定性趋缓的态势有利于维护金融稳定。金融稳定性的降低在短期和中期内会加剧经济波动,金融稳定性增强在短期和中期内有助于平抑经济波动。     

关于改进财政管理体制的意义的探讨

在我国最近几年时间里,国际金融危机严重度冲击着我国的经济发展,而在应对这一问题中,我国的财政政策发挥了极其重要而又独特的作用忽然意义.在我国的整个国民经济管理体制当中,财政管理体制占有极其重要且无可替代的地位,大家知道,因为在我国各项经济事业的发展都离不开财力方面的支持.所以,财政管理体制也就得必须适应我国经济管理体制的要求.财政管理体制它是属于上层建筑,它反映社会主义经济(尤其是我国的特色社会主义经济)的基础并由它决定.改进我国的财政管理体制不仅仅是为社会主义经济基础服务,也是对于我国在这个五年计划发展的必要措施,同时也为我国在以后的经济发展和国民的生活、安居起到极其重要的作用.