The Information Content of Earnings Components: Evidence from the Chinese Stock Market

China's listed firms report substantial non-operating revenues and expenses. We argue that these non-core earnings should have different properties and different valuation implications than operating or core earnings. Furthermore, the different types of firm ownership may have differential impacts on the information content of earnings components. Based on data from 1996 to 2008, we find that core earnings are more persistent than non-core earnings. Because of this, core earnings have a greater association with contemporaneous stock returns. However, the stock market does not fully incorporate all the information in earnings; we find that core earnings are undervalued and non-core earnings are overvalued. This effect is much reduced for privately controlled listed firms. We develop an investment trading strategy to exploit these market inefficiencies.     

Earnings Benchmarks and the Information Content of Quarterly Foreign Earnings of U.S. Multinational Companies

The meeting of earnings benchmarks is considered important for investors. The chief financial officers of U.S. companies state that the three most important earnings thresholds to meet are the earnings in the same quarter last year, the analysts' earnings forecast for the current quarter, and zero earnings. These earnings benchmarks have been defined in terms of total earnings. For U.S. multinational firms, total earnings consist primarily of domestic earnings and foreign earnings. We conduct an event study where we examine (1) the stock market reaction to meeting or beating quarterly domestic and foreign earnings benchmarks and (2) the market reaction to the changes in quarterly domestic and foreign earnings, while we control for meeting or beating the analysts' earnings forecast and the analysts' earnings forecast surprise. We find that the quarterly financial statement disclosure of domestic and foreign earnings under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131 supplies investors with valuable information that was not previously disseminated through financial analysts or other sources. The stock market reaction to meeting or beating foreign earnings from the same quarter in the prior year is stronger than the market reaction to meeting or beating domestic earnings from the same quarter in the prior year.     

终极控制权、现金流量权与盈余信息含量——来自家族上市公司的经验证据

本文以2003～2004年家族控制的上市公司为研究样本,实证考察了终极控制人的控制权与现金流量权对盈余信息含量的影响.研究结果表明,终极所有权结构对盈余信息含量的影响取决于控制性家族"利益趋同效应"和"利益侵占效应"两种影响的比较.较高的现金流量权会产生利益趋同效应,从而提高盈余信息含量;而控制权和现金流量权的偏离则会加剧控制性家族与小股东之间的代理冲突,产生利益侵占效应,降低盈余信息含量.同时,控制性家族在上市公司任职与盈余信息含量显著负相关.因此,优化家族控制公司的所有权结构,降低控制权私利应该是一条能有效提高会计盈余质量的路径.     

The Information Content of Concurrently Announced Earnings, Cash Dividends, and Stock Dividends: An Investigation of the Chinese Stock Market

The firms listed on China's stock market are less than ten years old and to date there has been relatively little research on the usefulness of their accounting disclosures for investors. This study focuses on the information content of annual earnings and dividend announcements made by listed Chinese companies. Earnings, cash dividends, and stock dividends are announced concurrently in China and so this allows for tests of their information usefulness and of the interactions between the three signals. Based on a data set of up to 1,232 announcements, we find that unexpected earnings, proxied by earnings changes, are positively related to abnormal returns. Thus, earnings are used by investors in setting market prices. Stock dividends corroborate or attenuate the earnings signal. If the sign of the unexpected stock dividend (increase, decrease) is the same as the sign of the unexpected earnings, then the earnings signal is stronger. If the signs are opposite, the earnings signal is weaker. Unexpected cash dividends have little impact on the earnings signal. Stock dividends per se have a small association with stock returns. In contrast, cash dividends have no discernible association with stock returns and this is consistent with dividend irrelevance arguments. Our results are robust across a number of sensitivity tests.     

盈余管理与股票价格信息效率研究——基于非机会主义动机的视角

本文选取2008—2017年我国A股上市公司的数据,分析了盈余管理会改变公司所披露的财务报告的信息质量对公司股票价格的信息效率的影响。研究表明:盈余管理程度越大,公司股票价格信息效率越高。区分了机构投资者持股、两权分离度和分析师关注度等公司治理环境差异的进一步研究发现:对于机构投资者持股比例高的公司、两权分离度低的公司以及分析师关注度高的公司而言,盈余管理行为能够显著提高公司股票价格效率。     

审计委员会、盈余管理与信息透明度

通过分析审计委员会的设立对盈余管理、信息披露透明度的影响等方面的研究发现,设立审计委员会的公司进行扭亏盈余管理的行为显著要低,信息披露的透明度显著要高。这一研究结果表明,审计委员会的设立在一定程度上提高了公司治理效果,改善了财务报告质量。但审计委员会并没有对配股的盈余管理行为产生作用,这说明审计委员会对财务报告的监督作用较为有限。监管部门还需要设法采取相关措施,进一步提高审计委员会的独立性,更好地发挥审计委员会对财务报告披露质量的监督作用,使之成为维护广大投资人权益的有效治理机制。     

媒体信息挖掘与分析师盈余预测准确度——基于管理层业绩预告背景的考察

文章以管理层业绩预告为研究背景,实证考察了媒体的信息挖掘作用对分析师盈余预测准确度的影响。研究发现,随着媒体报道数量的增多,管理层业绩预告精度对分析师盈余预测偏差的负向影响更加显著,表明媒体报道为分析师盈余预测提供了额外的公司预期盈余信息,即媒体具有信息挖掘作用。进一步研究发现,媒体报道对业绩预告与分析师盈余预测关系的强化作用在信息透明度较差和业绩预告为"坏消息"的公司中更显著;政策导向媒体比市场导向媒体的信息挖掘作用更强,具体表现为政策导向媒体的新闻报道能够强化业绩预告对分析师盈余预测的影响,但市场导向媒体的影响效果不显著。     

The Role of the Business Press in Creating and Disseminating Information around Earnings Announcements

This paper investigates the role of the business press in creating and disseminating information around earnings announcements by examining different motivations of trading volume. We find that press coverage is positively associated with trading activity motivated by differential interpretation and by differential belief revision, consistent with the press playing both an information creation and information dissemination role around earnings announcements. When we divide press coverage into full articles with additional editorial content and news flashes merely repeating verbatim of firm-disclosed press releases, we find that trading volume motivated by both differential interpretation and differential belief revision increases as coverage by full articles increases, and trading volume motivated by differential belief revision increases as coverage by news flashes increases. We also report that the differential interpretation effect of full articles is more pronounced when information users’ sophistication is high. Overall, we provide new evidence to the literature by showing that each type of press coverage plays an informational role in different motivations of trading activity.     

Quality of Provisions for Bad Debts and Earnings Information Contents

We measure the quality of provisions for bad debts, based on both the cross-sectional and time-series basis. Empirical tests show the impacts on earnings information contents, as well as on the incremental information content of cash flows.     

Real Earnings Management and Information Asymmetry in the Equity Market

The literature suggests that real earnings management (REM) activities can increase adverse selection risk in capital markets. Due to their opacity and the difficulties in understanding their implications, REM strategies may increase the level of information asymmetry among investors. This paper examines the association between earnings management through real activities manipulation and information asymmetry in the equity market. To estimate the level of adverse selection risk we use a comprehensive index of information asymmetry measures proposed by the market microstructure literature. For a sample of Spanish listed firms, we find that firms’ strategies of increasing earnings through REM are associated with higher information asymmetry in those firms that meet last year’s earnings. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that earnings management through real activities manipulation garbles the market, enhances private information production, and exacerbates information asymmetry in the stock market.     

会计盈余激进度反转对盈余持续性的影响研究

以会计盈余激进程度发生反转来识别企业盈余管理行为,以我国A股上市公司为样本,研究了不同会计盈余操控行为下的盈余持续性问题。研究发现,在没有显著的盈余操控行为时,现金盈余和应计盈余的持续能力没有显著差别;在首次发生盈余操控行为后,平滑收益动机下的负向盈余管理导致未来盈余的较小波动,使得会计盈余整体呈现较强的持续能力;而在其他动机导致的盈余管理行为下,未来盈余的波动性难以预测,现金盈余和应计盈余都不具备持续能力。     

公共信息导向系统标准化研究

文章从导向系统的概念入手，对公共信息导向系统标准化研究中的一些热点问题进行了分析，就标准化与差异化在公共信息导向系统建设中的作用以及相互关系进行了探讨，并在介绍当前公共信息导向系统国家标准体系研究现状的基础上，对公共信息导向系统的标准化研究方向提出了建议。     

会计盈余质量与权益资本成本关系的实证分析

决策有用是衡量盈余质量的一个主要标准,从投资者的角度,以2001年—2003年间具有10期连续存续期间的上市公司为样本,通过研究计价观下企业会计盈余的7个不同质量：应计质量、持续性、可预测性、平滑度、价值相关性、及时性、稳健性,对权益资本成本的影响来为上述问题提供证据。研究结果表明,除盈余的持续性与预测符号不一致以外,其他各质量与权益资本成本之间均呈负相关关系,但持续性、价值相关性与稳健性的影响不显著;在对权益资本成本的影响程度方面,盈余的质量影响程度最大,其次是平滑度、及时性和可预测性;以会计为基础的质量对资本市场的影响整体大于以市场为基础的质量。     

分析师跟进、内控缺陷与企业盈余信息透明度

本文以2012-2017年沪深A股上市企业为研究对象,考察了内控缺陷与盈余信息透明度以及分析师跟进对两者关系的影响。研究发现:内控缺陷与企业的盈余信息透明度之间显著负相关,即内部控制存在缺失降低了企业的盈余信息透明度;分析师跟进显著增强了内控缺陷与企业盈余信息透明度之间的相关性。     

城市公共信息引导服务初探

在城市规模日趋扩大、城市结构日趋复杂的现实情况下,通过高水平的公共信息引导服务来引导人的行为以及资源的流动,是维护城市运转秩序、提高城市运行效率的有效途径.本文对公共信息引导服务的概念、标准、现存问题以及今后的努力方向等问题进行了探讨.     

《网络信息资源检索与利用》课程的教学内容设计与实践

结合榆林学院的实际情况,详细设计了《网络信息资源检索与利用》课程教学的教学内容,并进行了教学实践。     

信息加工两分法对性别差异的解释及其对广告的启示

在解释信息加工的性别差异上,研究者们依据信息加工两分法提出选择性假设和项目特定性、相关性加工假设两种解释。前者认为男性更多受整体信息主题或图式的驱动,女性更易接受细节化的信息内容;后者认为男性更倾向于项目特定性加工而女性更倾向于相关性加工。这两种解释对广告的策划与制作具有新的启示。     

碳信息披露、盈余质量与重污染企业财务绩效

本文选取2011-2016年国内沪深两市A股上市重污染企业作为研究样本,对碳信息披露、盈余质量与企业财务绩效进行了分析。研究发现:随着企业盈余管理质量的提高,财务绩效会得到显著提升;随着企业披露碳信息质量的提高,财务绩效会得到显著提升;盈余管理质量能够显著增强碳信息披露质量对企业财务绩效的影响作用。     

盈余管理与环境信息管理的替代效应——基于公共压力变化的研究视角

盈余管理是对财务盈余操纵的行为,环境信息管理是对环境信息披露操纵的行为,两者有何关系?通过两阶段最小二乘法和有限信息最大似然法分析发现,在《环境信息公开办法》颁布前,盈余管理和环境信息管理的相关性不显著;而在《环境信息公开办法》颁布后,企业对环境信息进行管理的动机开始增强,盈余管理和环境信息管理呈显著负相关关系,替代效应增强。进一步研究发现,这种替代关系在重污染行业中更加显著。研究结论为监管企业管理层环境信息管理行为提供了有效的路径,即通过衡量盈余管理程度来间接判定环境信息管理程度,以便采取进一步的监管措施。