推动广东出口增长的因素分析

国际贸易理论分别从比较优势和收益递增两个方面对出口贸易发生的原因进行了合理的解释。运用出口贸易增长的动因模型,选取时间序列数据,尝试对影响广东出口贸易增长的动因进行实证分析与研究。实证研究结果表明,比较优势和收益递增两个因素都较好地解释了广东的出口贸易增长情况,其分析结果也显示,在广东的对外贸易中,收益递增是推动出口增长的主要原因。     

论全球贸易新格局下湖南农产品贸易增长策略

农产品贸易对农业经济增长有贡献,并对经济和社会效益、资源环境均有影响。推动农产品贸易增长进入中高级阶段,必须优化贸易结构、内部激励与外部保障结合。     

Evidence on the dynamic relationship between international trade and the stock market

This study uses vector autoregressive analysis to examine the dynamic interactions of monthly real stock returns, return volatility, exchange rates, export growth and import growth for Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan for the period 1975–91. We find that exports and imports have significant interactions. The results also indicate that stock returns in Hong Kong and Singapore Granger-cause trade flows. Return volatility is found to react strongly to trade news in all four countries, a result supporting the efficient-market hypothesis.     

Fair wages, unemployment and technological change in a global economy

This paper analyzes the effects of global and national technological change on employment and relative wages in an integrated two-country world (“Europe” and “America”), where both countries are characterized by equilibrium unemployment due to fair wage constraints. The asymmetry between the countries arises from country-specific preferences towards wage inequality, with Europe's preferences being more egalitarian. Furthermore, we look at integration between this two-country world and a third country (“low-wage south”). We derive an analytical tool, the Virtual Integrated Equilibrium, that allows us to adapt Dixit and Norman's Integrated Equilibrium approach to a situation where both countries have endogenous unemployment levels.     

“寡头”市场结构、贸易媒介与贸易商品定价——分析框架及基于棉花贸易史的案例研究

中国在贸易中面临"寡头"地位确立与定价权缺失共存的困境,通过提出一个引入贸易媒介环节的三分法贸易商品定价框架对此进行解释。贸易商品定价受到"寡头"国家/政府政策作用于贸易媒介市场结构程度的影响,还依赖于出口国/进口国的微观市场结构状况。贸易媒介通过与生产者和消费者的定价博弈选择使其利润最大化的买卖价格,政府政策/私人保护通过影响贸易媒介市场结构间接影响贸易商品定价。利用典型的英美棉花贸易"双寡头"案例,通过价格变动的相对弹性、转嫁系数和Granger因果检验三种方法定量分析了英美棉花贸易的定价博弈,计量结果与三分法分析结果完全符合,为论文提出的分析框架提供了例证支持。     

Mutual Recognition of National Minimum Quality Standards may Support International Convergence

In a model of vertical product differentiation, duopolistic firms face quality-dependent costs and compete in quality and price in two segmented markets. Minimum quality standards, set according to the principle of Mutual Recognition, can be used to increase welfare. The results of the one-shot game suggest that standards achieve initial convergence in terms of qualities produced and national welfares. Therefore, the static game is repeated in multiple periods and firms qualities in the previous period determine their costs. In an N-period game, quality standards will in fact lead to convergence in terms of qualities and national welfares.     

当前国际贸易保护主义的新特点及我国的对策

进入后危机时代,世界经济中仍存在诸多不确定、不稳定因素。各国为刺激经济增长和保护就业,贸易保护主义再次风行,且呈现出新特点,致使全球经济进入贸易摩擦高发期。应充分发挥政府主导地位,维护我国企业利益;提高出口产品质量,促进产品升级换代;企业应协同作战,积极应诉;推进经济一体化,构建和谐的经贸关系,以积极应对国际贸易保护主义。     

效率工资利与弊

效率工资理论是新凯恩斯主义劳动市场理论中的一个重要的理论 ,是宏观经济学在最近 2 0年取得的进展之一。进入 2 1世纪 ,有关效率工资的文献仍层出不穷 ,而企业在实行效率工资时仍然会出现一些问题。鉴于此 ,根据效率工资的基本模型 ,分析实行效率工资的利弊 ,并给出建议     

The saving rate and the upgrade of the trade commodity structure in developing countries: A dynamic H–O model under an oligopolistic market structure

This paper constructs an oligopolistic dynamic Heckscher–Ohlin (H–O) model of a small open economy to analyze the relationship between the saving rate and the upgrade of the trade commodity structure. The analysis shows that the saving rate determines the trade commodity structure of a country in the long-run equilibrium. Furthermore, a developing country with a low capital–labor ratio in the initial state will change from exporting labor-intensive goods in the initial state to exporting capital-intensive goods in the long-run equilibrium if it has a higher saving rate, and this upgrade of trade commodity structure has a social welfare effect under an oligopolistic market structure. The effect of trade policy on the upgrade of the trade commodity structure is uncertain in our model; therefore, a high saving rate is the irreplaceable driving force for trade commodity structure upgrades in developing countries.     

国家利益与国际贸易理论的重构——西方贸易理论与马克思贸易理论的比较研究

西方国际贸易理论强调自由贸易给贸易各方及世界整体带来巨大利益,然而各国贸易政策的主流却是贸易保护,理论与现实的巨大反差折射出理论必然存在缺陷。本文认为这源于决定国际贸易政策的国家利益在西方国际贸易理论中的缺位。通过研究西方国际贸易理论和马克思国际贸易理论中对于国家利益的表述,并在分析基于西方国际贸易理论的贸易政策对于国家利益的保障机制的基础上,讨论了国际贸易理论的缺陷及其调整方向,最后以比较利益论为例讨论了重构国际贸易理论的一些原则和方法。     

国际贸易环境下我国对外贸易政策的发展方向

近十几年来,全球贸易量取得了惊人的跨越式增长,而自由贸易与环境的关系问题也日趋尖锐。一方面,许多发达国家利用不对等的贸易和投资手段从发展中国家攫取大量战略性资源,却造成这些国家境内生态环境的严重失调;另一方面,一味地追求贸易扩张、资金积累和工业化又实际加剧了全球环境的恶化。环境效应对贸易的挤压性制约日益上升为国际贸易发展的焦点。在此背景下,引入环境变量,促进贸易策略的可持续性便成为实现我国对外贸易科学发展的必然之路。     

工资、技术转移与国际劳动力流动壁垒

:国际劳动力流动是世界经济发展的巨大动力,但受到各国针对外国劳动力流动政策壁垒影响,其对世界经济的贡献受到限制。文章利用收益函数和间接贸易效用函数,探讨外国劳动力流入的工资、数量和技术转移问题与东道国外国劳动力流动壁垒形成的逻辑关系,从理论上证明国际劳动力流动壁垒的形成机理,从而说明各国在设计外国劳动力政策时,主要以此三方面为主要考核因素,保护东道国居民福利。      

国际服务贸易与国际物流服务贸易——战略性的发展机遇

国际服务贸易作为国际间新的经济形态,是世界经济高度化、一体化发展的结果,应当看到这个新的经济增长点和经济发展的重要机遇,进行战略性的思考和长远的安排.国际物流服务贸易作为国际运输服务贸易的升华和发展,是国际服务贸易一个新的课题,对于促进国际间从商品、技术、知识到服务的全面融合,提高我国国际服务贸易水平具有重要意义,将成为我国新的经济增长点和战略选择.为推进国际物流服务贸易,可从两方面着手进行:一方面是以系统物流为独立的服务形态进入到国际服务贸易领域里面去,这是国际物流服务贸易的主体;另一方面是作为国际实物商品贸易共生、配套、派生的物流服务,随同实物商品国际贸易进入到国际贸易领域,在多数情况下,这已经成为国际商品贸易的一部分,不容忽视.此外,推进国际物流服务贸易,除了要从数量上推进外,还要注重内涵的扩展.而且国际服务贸易与国际物流服务贸易的发展,会遇到很多困难和问题,对此要有充分的准备.     

Offshoring and occupational wages: Some empirical evidence

Offshoring has changed the pattern of international competition; labor in specific occupations rather than whole firms and sectors are now facing competition. Accordingly, wages in offshorable occupations are affected in new ways. In this article, we investigate the effects of offshoring on relative occupational wages in 13 countries for 1990–2003. Our findings show that offshoring competiveness is associated with higher relative wages in offshorable occupations, and that export growth of IT-related services leads to higher relative wages in offshorable occupations, whereas import growth of such services reduces them.