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1.
    
A number of existing empirical studies have attempted to estimate the foreign direct investment (FDI)-related productivity spillover effects to domestic firms in host economies using various methodologies and measures of FDI. This literature has produced mixed results. While some studies found positive spillovers, others reported zero or even negative spillovers. In this paper, using a model of firm heterogeneity, we provide a rigorous theoretical justification for the mixed findings. We show that FDI-related productivity spillover effects can be decomposed into a direct and an indirect effect. If the direct effect is positive then relatively less capable domestic firms that were not able to survive in the industry (before the arrival of foreign firms) can enter the industry, which decreases the average (expected) productivity of the industry. If this indirect effect is sufficiently strong then the overall impact of FDI on productivity of domestic firms can be zero or negative. Hence, irrespective of the type of FDI (vertical or horizontal) and control variables included in empirical models, one may find negative or zero spillover effects.  相似文献   

2.
This paper examines the existence of externalities associated with foreign direct investment (FDI) in a host country by exploiting firm-level panel data covering the Polish corporate sector. We distinguish between horizontal spillovers (from foreign to domestic firms operating in the same industry) and two types of vertical spillovers: backward (from FDI in downstream industries) and forward spillovers (from FDI in upstream industries). The main findings are as follows. Local firms benefit from foreign presence in the same industry and in downstream industries. The absorptive capacity of domestic firms is highly relevant to the size of spillovers: vertical spillovers are larger for R&D-intensive firms, while firms investing in other (external) types of intangibles benefit more from horizontal spillovers. Competitive pressure facilitates backward spillovers, while market power increases the extent of forward spillovers. Horizontal spillovers are particularly strong in services, while the remaining results, including backward spillovers and the role of absorptive capacity and competition, are mainly driven by manufacturing. Host country equity participation in foreign firms is consistent with higher unconditional productivity spillovers to domestic firms. A number of robustness checks yield results qualitatively similar to those obtained in the baseline specification.  相似文献   

3.
    
ABSTRACT

The authors review and extend the culture literature in international marketing by discussing some of the cultural underpinnings pertaining to the sub-Saharan African context. With the use of inductive reasoning, the authors offer several key normative suggestions for international marketing practices. Marketers should focus not only on the end user but also on those who significantly influence the final decision. Sub-Saharan African culture is characterized by long, drawn-out negotiation processes and by contracts and overall sales targets that likely will be dissimilar to those from countries with a linear view of time. Age is relevant when selecting people for negotiation assignments and hiring sales and managerial staff. Because of the importance of “respect,” messages should focus on an individual's need for belongingness rather than on the individual striving for achievement. The authors advocate that advertising appeals should focus on the society and on the individual as a member of the society and not on individual self-enhancement. Context and nonverbal communications are important in personal selling. It is better to establish social trust first in negotiations, personal selling, and buyer–seller interaction.  相似文献   

4.
产业关联视角的FDI出口溢出效应:分析与实证   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
文章从产业关联视角切入,基于已有研究梳理了FDI之东道国企业出口溢出效应发挥作用的机制,构建了一个FDI-出口溢出机理系统,据以提出实证模型并做了相应检验。研究揭示,FDI出口溢出借助产业关联的三个机制发生,但三个机制效应各异。引入中国28个制造行业相关数据的实证检验显示:FDI借助后向关联机制产生的出口溢出效应最为显著,借助水平关联机制的出口溢出效应仅在低技术企业中显著,而借助前向关联机制的出口溢出效应则为负;动态上,FDI后向关联出口溢出效应呈渐增态势,水平关联出口溢出效应则逐渐减弱。  相似文献   

5.
经济增长理论认为,FDI是一国获取外国先进技术的重要渠道。本文采用DEA方法将中国13个服务行业的全要素生产率增长分解为技术效率和技术进步的增长,就服务业FDI对生产率增长的影响作了实证分析。研究发现,在2004~2008年期间,中国服务行业的全要素生产率增长的原因主要是各行业的技术进步增长,而不是技术效率的提高;服务业FDI显著地促进了服务行业的全要素生产率增长、技术效率和技术进步的增长。  相似文献   

6.
随着经济全球化的发展,对FDI技术溢出效应的研究已经取得了相当多的成果,但是对于东道国技术创新能力对于FDI技术溢出效应的影响的研究却并不是很多见,因此,从这个角度出发,对已有文献进行了综述,并提出东道国技术创新能力对提高FDI技术溢出效应的重要性。  相似文献   

7.
外商直接投资(FDI)通过技术溢出推动了东道国同行业及其他关联企业的技术进步。发展中国家自身技术创新能力有限,为了实现持续提高本国技术水平和促进经济快速增长这一目标,就必须有效地利用FDI技术溢出效应。我国还是一个发展中国家,与发达国家相比,技术水平还存在明显的差距。在此背景下研究外商直接投资的技术溢出及其相关问题,对我国具有现实的意义。  相似文献   

8.
本文通过从55篇研究文献中提取关于中国FDI水平溢出效应的相关信息,应用Meta回归分析方法考察中国FDI水平溢出效应的实证结论受何种因素的影响和所受影响的程度。本文Meta回归分析研究发现文献研究中指标的构建(被解释变量指标与FDI溢出效应指标)会影响FDI水平溢出效应的结论,区分FDI水平、垂直溢出效应后会降低得到FDI水平溢出效应是显著的结论的可能性;但文献研究中样本数据特征对FDI水平溢出效应的结论的影响更大,特别是文献研究中如果采用近期的数据会降低得到正向FDI水平溢出效应的可能性,采用的数据跨度越长(实际上是数据中包括的近期数据越多)会降低得到FDI水平溢出效应是显著的结论的可能性;文献研究中是否纳入控制变量对FDI水平溢出效应的正负及是否显著的影响不大,因此研究中国FDI水平溢出效应时模型的设定(主要是遗漏变量)问题并不严重。  相似文献   

9.
本文通过将Barro和Martin的领导者一追随者模型扩展至包含外商投资部门,构建了技术差距对FDI溢出影响的理论模型,并得出如下结论:外资企业通过技术溢出效应提高了东道国企业的生产效率,即FDI的技术溢出效应是存在的;对于存在不同程度技术差距的内外资企业,技术差距对FDI溢出效应的作用不同;当内外资企业技术差距过大时,外资企业技术水平的提高不会产生更显著的技术溢出,反而由于东道国企业难以吸收而抑制外资企业的技术溢出。  相似文献   

10.
Abstract

This paper examines the status and outlook of advertising regulations in sub-Saharan Africa. It begins with a synoptic overview of the region's advertising industry, which is used as a backdrop. Advertising regulations pertaining to tobacco, alcohol, pharmaceuticals, children, and politics are examined, and seven regulatory forces (consumer protection; growth of service industry; fairness and vulnerable groups; new media technologies; civil rights and privacy; religion, morality, and taste; and nationalism) likely to stimulate advertising regulations in the region are also presented. The paper concludes with implications and directions for future research.  相似文献   

11.
    
Sub-Saharan Africa's (SSA) foreign direct investment (FDI) share has persistently averaged 1% of global flows. The location decision and perceptions of investors are therefore instructive for policy making. This article factor analyses a survey of perceptions, operations, and motivations of 758 foreign investors in 10 SSA countries. We find that the provision of transaction cost–reducing information on industries and markets and utility services to investors before and after a firm's FDI decision are significant factors. FDI location decision in SSA is influenced strongly by political economy considerations. Labor and production input variables are not influential.  相似文献   

12.
本文利用中国制造业分行业数据,对影响FDI行业分布的原因进行了研究。除了分析行业自身因素的影响之外,本文还重点研究了FDI的行业集聚产生的FDI行业分布溢出。研究结果表明,行业的产品出口比重对吸收FDI有显著的正向影响,行业内的国有企业集聚对外资企业进入有显著的"壁垒"效应,而行业的工资水平、固定资产投资等对外资进入没有显著影响。此外,FDI的行业集聚对吸收FDI有正向的行业内溢出,而FDI的行业集聚产生的行业间分布溢出效应主要体现在后向溢出方面,但没有产生前向溢出。  相似文献   

13.
    
《The World Economy》2018,41(1):29-58
Despite the formal achievement of the free movement of labour within the EU , the institutional characteristics of the labour markets of the Member States may influence European mobility. The paper seeks empirical evidence of the relationship between labour market institutions and intra‐EU migrations, estimating a gravity model for bilateral migration for the period 2001–11. The results indicate that trade union density negatively correlates with the size of bilateral migrations: destinations with relatively high union density are associated with lower migration inflows. Since these countries tend to have a relatively flat earnings distribution, it is also investigated whether their earnings structure reduces their attractiveness as destinations hindering the access to their labour market. Even if a dependence between the earnings dispersion and migrations is found, trade union density remains the main driver of migration patterns. Clear effects of employment protection on EU mobility are not found.  相似文献   

14.
    
This article examines the welfare impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) in a panel of 20 African countries over the period 2000–2013. We explore the multifactor and nonmonetary measures of welfare and the nonlinear effect of FDI on welfare. We used the Driscoll and Kraay standard errors and augmented mean group (AMG) estimator by Eberhardt and Teal (2010) to account for cross‐sectional dependency, endogeneity, and heterogeneity within panel units. The results indicate that although FDI is welfare enhancing, the nonlinear terms report mixed findings. When a multifactor indicator is employed, the increase in the nonlinear term is lower than the linear part. However, there is strong evidence that FDI is ultimately welfare enhancing when a nonmonetary indicator is employed. From an international business perspective, the findings have unlocked the welfare effects of international business on African host economies. International businesses through FDI can enhance welfare in Africa countries. However, the optimal efficacy of FDI‐welfare impact differs across the various dimensions of welfare. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

15.
对外开放与劳动分配比例:基于中国省际面板数据检验   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
文章使用1999~2007年中国30个省的面板数据,实证分析了对外开放对中国劳动分配比例的影响,主要研究发现为:对外贸易对中国的劳动分配比例具有显著的正面影响,但是就外商直接投资来说,在控制了对外贸易和其他变量之后,它对劳动分配比例并没有显著的负面影响,FDI对劳动分配比例的影响取决于工资竞争效应和技术租金效应的变动。其他变量对对外开放的影响因地区而异。  相似文献   

16.
本文利用1984-2007年的时间序列数据,对我国外国直接投资(FDI)通过资本供给和知识溢出两种渠道影响产业结构的变动进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:我国引进外国直接投资所带来的资本供给效应、技术溢出效应促进了产业结构高级化、高效化的发展;然而,受当前引资结构和质量的影响,外国直接投资强化了我国三次产业结构发展的不均衡,并且外国直接投资引致的国际知识溢出对我国产业发展和结构优化的作用也有限。在此基础上,本文对我国引进外资和调整产业结构的战略提出了相应的政策建议。  相似文献   

17.
目前,培育优势产业集群已经成为天津滨海新区吸引FD I和提升区域经济竞争力的一项重要的战略举措。由于区域内四大主导产业集群已初具规模,但是集群经济仍然存在着产业链不完善、技术关联度低、创新性不足、技术外溢效应较差等问题,通过对滨海新区产业集群的实证分析,滨海新区产业集群升级的一个重要切入点就是增强FD I技术溢出效应。  相似文献   

18.
从宏观层面来看,FDI企业的技术水平总体高于国内企业,当劳动力由FDI企业转向国内企业或建立新企业从而引致技术溢出,而新企业的建立势必涉及到融资这一事实,本文认为融资效率高低在促进劳动力流动进而引起FDI溢出方面起着重要作用,融资效率的提高会提高劳动力由FDI企业流出建立自己的企业从而加速技术溢出的可能,意味着劳动力流动产生的技术溢出同时增加了FDI企业和国内企业的产出,即增加整个社会的边际产出。围绕这些问题,本文针对FDI溢出效应将放大金融市场对经济增长的影响的问题展开了一定层次的论证,结果显示:融资效率与FDI的联合作用并没有对经济增长产生显著影响,表明通过劳动力流动这一途径发生的FDI溢出从宏观层面上来看并不明显。  相似文献   

19.
    
Abstract

This study used panel data methods to examine the relationship between financial integration and economic growth in the COMESA and SADC regions. Using Foreign direct investment (FDI) and portfolio flows as a share of GDP, Chinn-Ito index of financial openness and debt flows as measures of financial integration, the study found that the relationship between financial integration and growth is largely insignificant in the combined sample of COMESA and SADC regions. However, the relationship changes when the two regions are separated. Whereas two of the indicators of financial integration are significant in the COMESA region, only one indicator of financial integration is significant in the SADC region implying that financial integration is more important in the COMESA region than in the SADC region. The results support the growth retarding theories of financial globalization and the convergence hypothesis in the COMESA region while the neoclassical trade theories find strong support in the SADC region. These results imply, first, that financial integration has different growth effects for different regional groupings and thus integration policies should not be universally applied. Second, these results imply that further enhancement of trade integration policies offer more promising outcomes for economic growth in the SADC region than financial integration policies while the converse is true for the COMESA region.  相似文献   

20.
税收竞争的空间相关性和FDI效应:一个实证分析   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1  
康锋莉 《财贸研究》2008,19(3):73-78
随着各地吸引外资程度的加强,税收优惠政策被政府广泛使用,从而被认为是吸引FDI的有效工具。通过空间计量模型分析,发现具有相似地理位置的省份在税收政策上具有税收模仿性,税收竞争呈现一定的空间相关性,但是这些税收竞争在促进FDI上并没有显著效果,能够明显影响外资选址有效性的是市场化程度,而市场化程度的建设离不开公共财政制度的完善。  相似文献   

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