国际产业转移与美国和欧盟产业结构调整

在经济全球化时代,世界各国之间产业发展的关联度增强。资源配置的全球化以及产品生产和交换的全球化,使一国的产业结构变动与全球产业发展和产业结构调整的相关性进一步提高。特别是与投资自由化和生产国际化相伴而生的国际产业转移和产业分工,极大地推动了全球产业结构调整和产业格局的变化。基于此,本文分析了国际产业转移和产业分工的变化与影响;阐述了国际产业转移进程中美国和欧盟产业结构的调整与变化。笔者认为,国际产业转移与美国和欧盟的产业结构调整实际上是一种相辅相成和互为因果的关系。     

产品内贸易、产品内分工与产业结构升级

由跨国公司主导的国际产品内分工是一种新兴的国际产业分工方式,产品内贸易是其贸易形式。改革开放以来,产品内贸易在促使我国对外贸易取得重大成果的同时,也使我国产业发展面临被"边缘化"风险,文章在分析跨国公司产品内贸易对国际产品内分工和产业结构影响的基础上,提出我国产业结构升级的对策。     

大力发展生产性服务业促进我国产业结构优化升级

在现代发达的经济体系中,生产性服务业的发展对于促进产业结构优化升级、提升产业竞争力具有重要的作用。本文认为,目前我国产业结构优化升级面临着服务业发展滞后于工业化、生产性服务业发展不足制约制造业升级和整体产业链竞争力低三大突出矛盾,应高度重视生产性服务业在促进产业结构优化升级中的作用,从国际分工、专业化分工和产业互动角度大力促进生产性服务业的发展。     

大力发展生产性服务业 促进我国产业结构优化升级

在现代发达的经济体系中,生产性服务业的发展对于促进产业结构优化升级、提升产业竞争力具有重要的作用。本文认为,目前我国产业结构优化升级面临着服务业发展滞后于工业化、生产性服务业发展不足制约制造业升级和整体产业链竞争力低三大突出矛盾,应高度重视生产性服务业在促进产业结构优化升级中的作用,从国际分工、专业化分工和产业互动角度大力促进生产性服务业的发展。     

产品内分工、产业片段化转移与中国产业跨越发展

国际产业转移与国际分工之间存在密切联系,在产品内分工条件下,国际产业转移发生深刻变化,产业转移逐步深入至生产工序层面,从而演化成为一种国际产业转移新模式,即"产业片段"转移模式。该文重点剖析了产品内分工条件下国际产业转移的新特点,以及产业片段化转移对相关国家产业发展的影响,进而提出产品内分工条件下的中国产业升级策略。     

以全球化的思维调整我国产业结构

本文在分析经济全球化与产业全球化关系、各国产业结构的互动性和产业结构变动与国际分工发展内在联系的基础上，提出了以全球化的思维调整我国产业结构的基本思路。即加快发展信息产业及各类高科技产业，以产业结构升级带动结构调整；积极实施“走出去”战略，利用产业转移带动国内产业升级。     

论马克思利润率理论的现实价值——基于我国产业结构演进的视角

产业结构的优化和合理化有助于实现产业结构高度化,促进国内区域经济发展过程中产业结构梯度演进,实现经济的均衡发展;改变我国产业在国际产业分工中处于产业价值链低端的局面,从劳动密集型产业向资本和技术密集型产业的升级.运用马克思利润率理论揭示了产业结构演进的内在本质,科学阐释了产业分工竞争的实质是等量资本追逐等量利润的必然结果.     

论当代国际分工的深化及其对世界经济格局的影响

一个多世纪以来，国际分工经历了从部门间分工到产业间分工、再到产品间分工的不断深化的过程。当代国际分工实际上已发展成为一个多层次的国际分工体系，其中，建立在“价值链”基础之上的同一产品不同工序间分工是国际分工深化的崭新成果。国际分工的不断深化导致世界经济格局的不断演变。第二次世界大战以前，国际分工主要是部门间分工，相应地形成了“中心”与“外围”的世界经济格局；第二次世界大战后一段时期，国际分工主要是产业间分工，未能从根本上改变发展中国家对发达国家的“依附”地位；20世纪80年代末以来，随着国际分工的进一步深化，世界经济格局变得更加复杂，但总体上仍未消除原有格局的影响。     

论产业经济发展新趋势

经济全球化条件下，世界各国为抢占产业分工制高点和发挥自身比较优势，纷纷实行经济结构的战略性调整，使产业经济呈现出新的发展趋势。中国经济结构调整必须顺应这种趋势，才能更好地实现党在十六大提出的关于推进产业结构优化升级的战略目标。     

贸易方式结构优化与甘肃省产业结构转型升级

开放经济条件下的贸易方式与产业结构之间存在着以比较优势为基础的互动转型升级关系。由于甘肃省现有进出口贸易方式结构与产业结构转型升级之间存在着明显的不适应性，构建有利于促进甘肃省产业结构转型升级的目标贸易方式结构，有利于传统比较优势产业快速发展和动态比较优势产业加快建立国际分工模式，不断提升甘肃省的产业竞争力和促进甘肃省经济的快速发展。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.