后发国基于服务外包的产业升级风险及规避路径

国际服务外包是经济全球化的新标志和国际产业转移的新兴主流方式,对后发国来说,发展服务外包可以使本土企业在全球价值链分工网络中占据更有利环节,对加快产业转型升级有着重要意义。然而,后发国基于发展服务外包实现产业升级的模式也许是个"美丽"陷阱。文章对后发国以发展服务外包为依托的产业转型升级模式的风险进行了分析,并提出相应的治理策略。     

产业集群治理结构与网络权力关系配置

产业集群治理的目标在于增加集群剩余,提升整体竞争力,这就必然涉及到集群剩余的索取、控制及分配问题,其中的决定因素包括两个方面:一是集群剩余的规模,二是集群网络中各个治理主体获取集群剩余能力的大小;而二者都与集群治理主体在集群网络权力关系中的权力序阶也即权力比例结构或权力关系有关。本文重点研究集群网络权力关系配置及其演进规律,进而提出推进我国产业集群发展的政策建议。     

社会资本的治理机制——以硅谷风险投资为例

本文以硅谷高新技术产业集群中的风险投资为背景,在分析硅谷中社会网络的结构以及社会资本构成的基础上,探讨了在风险投资中企业治理过程中,社会资本的治理作用与机制。提出硅谷中风险投资网络和社会资本特征能有效地减少交易成本,有利于信息的扩散以及知识和技术的溢出,特别是社会资本独特的治理机制创造了有利于自我实施模式实现的治理环境,促进了技术创新,推动了整个产业集群的发展。     

我国虚拟集群治理模式与协同效应研究:以服务业为例

随着互联网的发展和新兴产业的兴起,传统产业集群逐渐向虚拟集群演化。虚拟集群以产业"组织行为接近"的关系取代了传统产业集群"地理位置接近"的空间集聚,成为当今促进产业发展的重要组织形式。然而,虚拟集群同传统产业集群一样,也存在集群利益相关者之间关系冲突等问题,探索有效的虚拟集群治理模式,提高集群协同效应,对集群企业和产业协同发展具有重要意义。从集群治理主体和治理机制两个维度,提出虚拟集群4种治理模式,利用我国服务业样本数据,比较分析了不同治理模式下智力资本协同效应。结果发现,自主协商-非正式治理模式下人力资本协同效应最为显著,自主协商-正式治理模式最有利于形成企业社会资本协同效应。     

产业集群成长中的企业家社会网络演化--一种"撒网"模型

企业家社会网络是一种具有重要意义的社会资本.文章在产业集群成长的背景中研究了企业家社会网络演化的规律.文章发现,产业集群中的企业家社会网络演化类似于一个"撒网过程":在产业集群出现阶段,企业家的社会网络主要由局限于狭隘区域的强联系所组成;在产业集群的成长阶段,企业家的社会网络主要由跨区域的弱联系所组成;在产业集群的成熟阶段,企业家的社会网络主要由地理范围更广的强联系所组成.     

产业集群治理:一个基于浙江省企业社会责任实证的视角

治理是一个比较宽泛的概念,适用于国际、国家、社区的不同领域的管理,治理的形式一般有企业治理、区域治理等。产业集群治理的提出与多重背景有关:全球化的迅猛发展、产业集群系统的复杂性和产业集群组织失灵的存在。产业集群治理包括外部治理和内部治理。外部治理主要是通过全球价值链治理来进行,而内部治理主要是网络治理。在治理结构中,企业社会责任是一个重要的约束条件。文章分析了企业社会责任与集群治理结构的关系,并以浙江产业集群为例进行了实证研究,认为从企业社会责任的视角探求产业集群治理具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。     

高新技术产业集群中社会资本的探究——夯实创新平台打造高新企业

高新技术产业集群是发展高新技术产业的有效模式,文章探讨了高新技术产业集群中社会资本的来源,包括社会网络、信用和共同信念。分析了高新技术产业集群中社会资本对集群内知识创造、知识转移和知识保护的重要作用和我国高新技术产业集群中社会资本缺失的原因及对策,从而有效地提升了知识为基础的产业集群的创新能力。结合实际,夯实创新平台,打造高新企业。     

高新技术产业集群中社会资本的探究——夯实创新平台打造高新企业

高新技术产业集群是发展高新技术产业的有效模式,文章探讨了高新技术产业集群中社会资本的来源,包括社会网络、信用和共同信念.分析了高新技术产业集群中社会资本对集群内知识创造、知识转移和知识保护的重要作用和我国高新技术产业集群中社会资本缺失的原因及对策,从而有效地提升了知识为基础的产业集群的创新能力.结合实际,夯实创新平台,打造高新企业.     

试论“消费资本”参与财务治理的动因、环境与路径

“消费资本化”使传统意义上的消费行为具有了“投资”的意义，从而赋予消费额“资本”的内涵。文章以“消费资本”内生的双重属性，即兼具债务资本和权益资本的双重属性为切入点，探寻消费资本参与财务治理的内外动因；消费资本发挥财务治理效应的技术环境、组织环境和信息技露环境；最后提出赋予消费资本相应的剩余索取权并将其引入企业相机治理机制。     

基于ANP的产业集群社会资本评价

社会资本是我国产业集群形成和发展的重要基础。根据产业集群社会资本的特点，提出采用网络层次分析法对我国产业集群社会资本评价。基于网络层次分析法的理论和算法，综合考虑各指标之间的影响，构建了基于网络层次分析法的县域产业集群社会资本评价指标体系，为指导产业集群的发展提供了决策依据。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.