高职院校学生欠费问题的原因及解决措施

在目前高校办学经费中,学生学费和住宿费收入已占到教育事业经费的50%以上,且财政部门已将年度预算经费指标与收费情况相挂钩.但是由于种种原因,高校存在学生拖欠学费现象,严重影响了学校资金的正常运转和高校的健康发展,经费不足已成为制约高校发展的瓶颈.本文就学生拖欠学费的原因做了简要分析,并提出了解决欠费问题的一些对策与措施.     

对高校学生欠费问题的分析

长期以来,我国高等教育收费一直实行大学生上学不交学费的制度。改革开放以后,随着我国教育事业改革的不断深入,大学生上学实行交费制度,并且学生上学交费的比例在逐年的提高。由于高校招生规模的扩大和学费收费标准的不断提高,因家庭经济困难等原因造成的学生欠费的问题也就日益突出。根据对西安部分高校学生收费情况调查统计,目前,高校学生拖欠学费的问题十分严重,一些学校欠费金额少则几百万、多则上千万,学费不能按期收回,已经影响到一些高校财务预算的执行和学校各项事业顺利开展。因此,在现阶段,对高校学生欠费问题应该引起教育界的广…     

浅谈地方高校财务风险控制

一、地方高校财务风险具体表现 （一）学生拖欠学费现象严重,造成收入风险。目前,虽然学费收入已成为地方高校收入来源的主要渠道,但随着办学规模的日益扩大,地方普通高校学生拖欠学费的现象日益严重。如某高校2004-2005学年欠费学生占应交人数的22．6％,欠费金额占应交金额的18％,欠费金额达1200万元。欠费现象在一定程度上影响和制约了当地高校的正常发展。     

高等学校收费管理存在的问题及完善措施

本文针对高校收费管理中普通存在的学生拖欠学费、收费管理体制和管理制度不完善、相关措施不全和手段落后等问题,在深入分析原因的基础上,提出了一系列完善学校收费管理工作的措施.     

高校收费中滞纳金管理模式初探

自从《中华人民共和国高等教育法》明确:高等教育属于非义务教育,国家实行政府、社会、受教育者共同分担高等教育培养成本的制度以来,高校普遍存在着学生拖欠学杂费的问题,从目前情况看,各高校拖欠学费现象均非常严重,导致高校不得不负债运行,增加了教育成本,甚至影响到高校的健康发展。为了贯彻市场经济公平原则,对恶意欠费学生加收滞纳金已成为高校催收学费的通行作法。但是,目前的收费管理软件中并没有滞纳金管理功能,只能依靠收费人员使用计算器甚至算盘进行计算,既费时、繁琐又不准确。本文结合我校的工作实际,试图就这一问题提出些思…     

高校收费管理中有关问题及其措施的探讨

随着高等教育自主办学机制和多渠道筹措教育经费机制的确立,高校收取的学费已经成为高等教育经费的重要来源之一.而目前,高校学生拖欠学费现象严重.加强高校收费管理工作,采取行之有效的措施,促使收费管理工作走上正轨,是高校各项事业顺利开展的重要保障.     

加强学生欠费管理促进高校健康发展

高校学生拖欠学费现象,严重影响高校的建设和发展.文章结合我校对学生欠费的管理,分析了高校大学生欠费的现状和原因,提出了解决大学生欠费的管理办法,以期确保高校的经费来源,促进学校健康发展.     

高校学生恶意欠费的原因分析及对策

本文针对目前高校收费管理中学生恶意拖欠学费的严重状况,进行了原因分析,提出了解决问题的具体对策,以为高校学生欠费管理工作提供借鉴.     

如何控制学费拖欠问题

随着我国教育改革事业的不断推进和发展，在各高校实行缴费制度，作为学校经费的一个重要来源，保证学校正常工作的开展。但在当前，由于各种因素的影响，学生学费拖欠现象严重，这已经是影响许多学校发展的现实问题，为学校的资金流动以及行政管理带来许多不便，也引起了学生就业和银行贷款之间的一系列矛盾。     

浅谈高校收费管理工作

一、高校收费工作存在的问题(一)学生欠费现象日益严重近几年,高校欠费学生的比例和金额逐年增加,每个学校被拖欠的学费一般都有几百万元,有的甚至达几千万元,如武汉某高校的校园网上公布该校2008年学生全部欠费已达2700余万元,其中已毕业学生2399人合计欠款1487     

The default contagion of contingent convertible bonds in financial network

This paper investigates the impact of contingent convertible (CoCo) bonds on systemic risk using Eisenberg-Noe’s financial network method, in which the network is linked by debt relationships. As an efficient method for addressing the problem of “too big to fail,” CoCo bonds have received widespread attention, particularly because the trigger for CoCo bonds is a systemic risk event. Thus, the impact of CoCo bonds on systemic risk needs to be addressed. To solve this problem, we adopt default contagion and loss amplification due to network linkage to measure systemic risk, from which we can ascertain the potential impact on it of CoCo bonds. The results show that CoCo bonds enhance the spillover effect of the issuer’s default; meanwhile, sufficient CoCo bonds partly offset the impact of default contagion from other banks. Furthermore, CoCo bonds enhance the amplification effect of loss due to network linkage, but the amplification effect diminishes after the bankruptcy cost is considered. Finally, the numerical test provides some insight into how the issuance of writedown (WD) bonds influences commercial banks in China. Our study not only offers suggestions to the regulators of CoCo bonds but also contributes to related studies.     

关于高校毕业生文明离校教育的几点思考

近几年,毕业生文明离校工作已经被教育部门和高等院校列为学生教育管理中的重要部分,毕业生的不文明离校行为困扰着很多高校,毕业生的不文明离校行为给高校学生管理工作带来了很大的社会负面影响。毕业生文明离校教育工作开展的顺利与否,直接关系到高校乃至社会的稳定与发展,不文明离校行为是当前各高校亟待解决的问题。     

A mixed PDE-Monte Carlo approach for pricing credit default index swaptions

Abstract The problem of numerically pricing credit default index swaptions on a large number of names is considered. We place ourselves in a stochastic intensity framework, where Ornstein-Uhlenbeck-type correlated processes are used to model both firms’ distance to default and a macroeconomic state variable. Here the default of the firms’ follows the reduced-form approach and the (random) intensity of the default depends on the behavior of the diffusion processes. We propose here a numerical method based on both a Monte Carlo and a deterministic approach for solving PDEs by finite differences. Numerical tests demonstrate the efficiency and the robustness of the proposed procedure.     

Endogenous trading in credit default swaps

We introduce a real options model in order to quantify the moral hazard impact of credit default swap (CDS) positions on the corporate default probabilities. Moral hazard is widely addressed in the insurance literature, where the insured agent may become less cautious about preventing the risk from occurring. Importantly, with CDS the moral hazard problem may be magnified since one can buy multiple protections for the same bond. To illustrate this issue, we consider a firm with the possibility of switching from an investment to another one. An investor can influence the strategic decisions of the firm and can also trade CDS written on the firm. We analyze how the decisions of the investor influence the firm value when he is allowed to trade credit default contracts on the firm’s debt. Our model involves a time-dependent optimal stopping problem, which we study analytically and numerically, using the Longstaff–Schwartz algorithm. We identify the situations where the investor exercises the switching option with a loss, and we measure the impact on the firm’s value and firm’s default probability. Contrary to the common intuition, the investors’ optimal behavior does not systematically consist in buying CDSs and increase the default probabilities. Instead, large indifference zones exist, where no arbitrage profits can be realized. As the number of the CDSs in the position increases to exceed several times the level of a complete insurance, we enter in the zone where arbitrage profits can be made. These are obtained by implementing very aggressive strategies (i.e., increasing substantially the default probability by producing losses to the firm). The profits increase sharply as we exit the indifference zone.     

Prequalification: Using systems to problem dissolve

The requirement to prequalify prior to tendering for a project is often reported as burdensome. We need more ways to think constructively about this sort of project management problem. The pragmatists argue that constructive thinking includes encouraging stakeholders to shift from their default conception of a problematic situation. Ackoff ( 2006 ) suggested a way of doing this. He called it “problem dissolving.” This includes “zooming out” from the situation to conceive of the old problem situation as just one element in a metasystem. This article explains how and why problem dissolving might be used to reconceptualize prequalification. After ex‐plaining the approach, it tests the approach on industry experts. Projects are human activity systems, so it seemed reasonable to reflect on prequalification using the attributes of a project as a system: purpose, transformation, connectivity, and boundary. A reconceptualization of prequalification emerged where it was seen to have the potential to become a policy mechanism for improving the industry.     

基于CISR框架下的我国高校信息化建设中IT治理现状分析

本文基于CISR框架分析了我国高校信息化建设中IT治理现状,认为高校信息化建设中存在着IT原则、IT架构、IT基础设施、业务应用需求和IT投资五项基本IT决策。我国高校普遍存在着对这五项IT决策的决策权模糊的问题,这是造成目前我国高校信息化建设中IT投资效率低下的根源之一,为此我国高校急需引入IT治理的理念。     

浅析民办高校教师福利待遇的现状

近30年来,我国民办高等教育经过极不平常的奋斗与创新历程,发展成绩斐然,成为我国教育事业发展中的一个亮点。但是由于社会对民办高校的显性或隐性歧视依然广泛存在,加上相关政策法规的缺失或难以落实,以及民办高校自身的特点等原因,民办高等教育的发展正面临一些新的困难和挑战。其中相当大的一个问题就是民办、公办高校之间的公平待遇问题难以解决。     

Determination of general equilibrium with incomplete markets and default penalties

This paper is concerned with the existence and computation of general equilibrium with incomplete asset markets and default. Due to the incompleteness of asset markets, the excess demand functions are typically not continuous at prices and delivery rates for which the assets have redundant nominal deliveries. This discontinuity results in a serious problem for the existence and computation of general equilibrium. We show that this problem can be resolved by replacing the nominal delivery matrix with a constant-rank one and restricting the macro variables in a subset of the domains. With this approach, the economies with incomplete markets and default penalties can be analyzed with differentiable homotopy techniques, and thus in the same framework as standard general equilibrium models. As a by-product, the existence of equilibrium is ensured for generic economies. Several computational examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm and show some quantitative features of equilibria in the model with default penalties.     

公司声誉、财务信息与债务违约风险估计

假设公司资产信息是完全的,在财务信息完全和不完全两种情况下,本文把公司声誉水平作为一个影响因素,估计了公司债务违约概率,并着重分析了债务违约概率对声誉水平的敏感性。数值模拟分析的结论并不完全支持声誉水平与违约概率负相关、债务期限与违约概率正相关的常识。资产波动率、公司资产的瞬时漂移率分别与违约概率负相关、正相关。这些结论为把声誉纳入信用风险度量中提供了一个新的研究视角。     

Homogeneous semi-Markov reliability models for credit risk management*

Abstract The credit risk problem is one of the most important issues of modern financial mathematics. Fundamentally it consists in computing the default probability of a company going into debt. The problem can be studied by means of Markov transition models. The generalization of the transition models by means of homogeneous semi-Markov models is presented in this paper. The idea is to consider the credit risk problem as a reliability problem. In a semi-Markov environment it is possible to consider transition probabilities that change as a function of waiting time inside a state. The paper also shows how to apply semi-Markov reliability models in a credit risk environment. In the last section an example of the model is provided. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 60K15, 60K20, 90B25, 91B28 Journal of Economic Literature Classification: G21, G33