以信息化推动城市发展的战略思考

信息化是当今世界经济和社会发展不可逆转的大趋势,也是决定世界各国城市未来命运的重要因素。信息化趋势将使城市的功能发生根本性的转变,为解决城市发展中的“城市病”提供了历史性的契机,成为城市发展的新动力。在21世纪,我国城市发展要有新的思路,即要充分利用信息化推动城市的加速发展,运用信息技术提高城市的综合竞争力,实现城市的现代化。     

北京城市化发展现状及对策

北京作为中国的首都,政治中心,同时承载着多项城市功能。进入20世纪以来,北京的城市化发展进程进入加速阶段,人口、建设规模不断扩张,屡次冲破规划指标,城市问题凸现。北京要发展成为世界城市,对于城市发展现状的深刻认识以及对城市未来建设的合理规划是完成目标的重要保证。     

以信息化推动城市化

信息化是当今世界经济和社会发展不可逆转的大趋势,也是决定世界各国城市未来命运的重要因素,目前,不仅发达国家的城市正在积极实施信息化战略以确保其经济和科技的领先优势,而且发展中国家的城市也希望依靠信息化战略,实现跨越式发展,缩小与发达国家城市在经济和科技方面的差距,发展信息产业、实现城市信息化已经成为许多国家21世纪发展的重大战略目标。     

生产性服务业空间集聚与城市发展研究

二战以来国际产业分工演化重构了发达国家与发展中国家的生产关系,生产性服务业的快速增长及其空间集聚体现了世界范围内以城市为依托的生产与控制的等级体系。基础设施作为城市发展硬条件、制度环境作为城市发展软条件、人力资源作为城市智力支撑要素、市场腹地作为城市空间作用强度对城市生产性服务业空间集聚产生重要影响,生产性服务业空间集聚进而对城市经济发展、城市空间重塑和世界城市崛起产生积极作用。未来需要以大城市和特大城市为重点推进生产性服务业集聚发展,并以产业集聚区为载体推进生产性服务业集聚发展与城市功能转型的良性互动。     

大陆桥城市轴发展定位及发展思路

大陆桥城市轴是我国未来新的经济增长轴心区。本文对其双向开放的发展格局、参与国际经济大循环的方式、工业化与城市化和非农化、经济发展阶段以及经济发展水平和经济实力等问题进行了定位分析。此基础上提出了大陆桥城市轴社会经济发展总体发展战略及具体的发展思路,指出轴带促进城市轴整体利益的整合、促进企业组织、管理创新、区域规划和城市体系规划、不同层次的中心城市的培育、城市化进程的推进等成为大陆桥城市轴进一步发展     

我国目前城市化典型特点分析及对策研究

城市化是城市发展的较高级阶段,是农村人口向城市集聚、农业产业向第二、三产业转移和城市文明向农村扩散的“三位一体”互动的社会变迁过程。因为城市地位的重要以及城市化对人类未来的影响深刻,我们有必要根据城市发展的一般规律及我国城市发展的典型特点来研究中国城市发展。     

知识型城市发展：基于我国社会转型趋势的解析

我国正在经历的社会转型是经济、社会以及生态等多领域的系统变革,未来社会发展的新生态将在转型期内形成。城市作为社会的重要子域,其发展模式必然受到转型的影响而面临新的选择。对知识型城市的特征与社会转型趋势进行了组合解析,发现基于知识创新的“知识型城市模式”与我国社会转型趋势具有多维度的契合性,这种城市新模式可以作为我国未来城市发展模式的新选择。     

浅谈“智慧城市”无线应用的发展瓶颈

随着信息技术的高速发展,国家提出互联网+的行动计划。智慧城市是继信息化城市、数字城市之后的城市未来发展新理念。城市的发展不仅依赖于物质资源,更向信息与知识化发展,这也是我国城市未来发展的一大目标,而信息基础建设也是实现信息化城市的必要保障。所以,从建设和完善互联网基础设施的必要性为切入点,浅谈高速发展的智慧城市无线应用,以及智慧城市发展大潮中的瓶颈。     

中国领先城市发展战略总动员

中国城市化正处于快速发展时期，各个城市能否找准自身优势对自己进行准确定位，进而提出科学的发展目标、发展战略和发展任务，关乎着每个城市的未来。对此，国内一些领先城市有清醒的认识．已经率先明确了自己的定位和发展战略?     

我国智慧城市区域发展的非均衡现状研究

智慧城市理念为城市未来发展提供了一种全新模式。在介绍了智慧城市由来及概念的基础上,以区域差异为视角分析了我国智慧城市的建设现状,指出我国智慧城市的建设整体上还处于起步阶段,未来任重道远,存在区域间发展失衡的问题,中西部城市要加强区域交流与合作,缩小与东部的差距。     

Rule of law, democracy, openness, and income

We estimate the interrelationships among economic institutions, political institutions, openness, and income levels, using identification through heteroskedasticity (IH). We split our cross‐national dataset into two sub‐samples: (i) colonies versus non‐colonies; and (ii) continents aligned on an East–West versus those aligned on a North–South axis. We exploit the difference in the structural variances in these two sub‐samples to gain identification. We find that democracy and the rule of law are both good for economic performance, but the latter has a much stronger impact on incomes. Openness (trade/GDP) has a negative impact on income levels and democracy, but a positive effect on rule of law. Higher income produces greater openness and better institutions, but these effects are not very strong. Rule of law and democracy tend to be mutually reinforcing.     

Inflation,money, interest rate,exchange rate,and casuality: the case of Egypt,Morocco, and Tunisia

This study provides further evidence of the inflationary efects of the rates of growth of money supply, gross domestic product, efective exchange rate, and imported inflation for Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia using quarterly data from 1964 to 1990. In addition, it examines the Granger causality between inflation and money supply as well as between inflation and the real exchange rate in the countries under consideration. Most of the results are consistent with extant theory and empirical evidence.     

Country terms of trade: trends,unit roots,over-differencing,endogeneity, time dummies,and heterogeneity

The debate about the Prebisch-Singer thesis has focused on primary commodities with some extensions to manufactures. We analyse trends in country terms-of-trade for goods and services rather than those for commodities according to the World Bank income classification. We find that the natural logarithm of the terms of trade for all groups except for the poorest has common unit roots, but none has individual unit roots. As low-income countries have no unit roots over-differencing is inefficient and biases significance levels in first differences against the fall in the terms of trade. For the low-income countries the terms of trade of goods and services are falling at a rate that is significantly negative without and with endogeneity treatment by system GMM. A comprehensive analysis of the effects of time dummies supports the result of falling terms of trade for low-income countries. When all coefficients are country-specific 50% of all low-income countries have falling terms of trade in a simultaneous equation estimation using the SUR method. Food and financial crisis have no effect on the number of countries with falling terms of trade, but (dis-)improve the terms of trade or the significance of the results for a very small number of countries.     

Democracy,Rule of Law,Corruption Incentives,and Growth

We bridge the gap between the standard theory of growth and the mostly static theory of corruption. Some public investment can be diverted from its purpose by corrupt individuals. Voters determine the level of public investment subject to an incentive constraint equalizing the returns from productive and corrupt activities. We concentrate on two exogenous institutional parameters: the “technology of corruption” is the ease with which rent‐seekers can capture a proportion of public spending. The “concentration of political power” is the extent to which rent‐seekers have more political influence than other people. One theoretical prediction is that the effects of the two institutional parameters on income growth and equilibrium corruption are different according to the constraints that are binding at equilibrium. In particular, the effect of judicial quality on growth should be stronger when political power is concentrated. We estimate a system of equations where both corruption and income growth are determined simultaneously and show that income growth is more affected by our proxies for legal and political institutions in countries where political rights and judicial institutions, respectively, are limited.     

Quality of judicial institutions,crimes, misdemeanors,and dishonesty

We investigate the extent to which quality of judicial institutions has an impact on individuals’ propensity for criminal and dishonest behavior and on their views regarding the acceptability of dishonesty and law-breaking. We use micro data on residents of 25 European countries and employ alternative measures of judicial quality as perceived by the residents of these countries. As an instrument for judicial quality we employ the procedures with which prosecutors and judges are appointed to their posts in each country. As alternative instruments, we employ an index of de jure institutional quality as well as its components, which provide similar results. The findings show that an increase in the perception of the quality of judicial institutions, such as an improvement in judicial independence or the impartiality of the courts, has a deterrent effect on dishonest and criminal acts. A higher perceived quality of the judicial system also makes individuals less likely to find acceptable a variety of dishonest and illicit behaviors, suggesting that institutions help shape the beliefs of the society. We obtain the same results when we analyze the sample of immigrants, whose cultural attributes should be (more) related to their countries of origin, rather than their countries of residence, and thus should be arguably uncorrelated with the factors that can impact the instrument. We show that people’s beliefs in the importance of the family, in the fairness of others, and the importance of being rich are not impacted by judicial quality, suggesting that judicial quality is not a blanket representation of underlying cultural norms and beliefs in the society.