How to draft ‘good’ minutes of monetary policy decisions

The minutes of monetary policy decisions at central banks vary substantially. A common norm does not exist. To ensure accountability and guide policy expectations, the minutes should satisfy some basic requirements. In search of criteria for ‘good’ minutes, it is relevant to look at how supreme courts write their decisions. Four criteria for ‘good’ minutes are proposed. The minutes of six central banks are assessed against the proposed criteria. In spite of the substantial variation in format, their minutes largely satisfy the criteria. The central banks' minutes seem to reflect their individual communication histories. The central banks could learn from each other, but also from the supreme courts, especially in terms of how they organise the writing of the minority view.     

Evaluation of similarity models for expected utility violations

A body of work proposes a decision cost argument to explain expected utility (EU) violations based on pair similarity. These similarity models suggest various measures over the risky pairs that define decision costs and benefits. This paper assesses the empirical modeling success of these similarity measures in explaining risky choice patterns showing EU independence violations. We also compare model fit for these similarity models relative to EU and to a selected generalized EU model. Although the candidate models exhibit some degree of substitutability, our results indicate support for models that use relatively simple measures as instruments for similarity.     

一种改进的CBR案例检索相似性度量模型

案例相似性度量是基于案例推理（CBR）的突发事件应急决策管理的关键问题。本文基于最近邻算法,提出一种改进的案例相似性度量模型。提出＂结构相似度＂度量缺失数据对于案例结构特征相似性的影响,引入＂变异系数＂度量案例属性的可替代性,精确描述替代程度不同的属性对于案例相似性的贡献。最后通过具体案例检索实例验证了该模型的有效性。     

工业工程与物流技术

论述了工业工程（IE）发展的过程及其新定义，阐明了工业工程与物流技术之间的关系，以及两者在研究对象、研究方法、评价指标上的相似之处。     

A linear programming model of housing market equilibrium

This paper reviews Wheaton's assertion that the Herbert-Stevens Linear Programming Model produces solutions which do not meet Alonso's criteria for market equilibrium. It demonstrates that, although Wheaton's criticism is valid in general, under certain conditions an alternative specification of the objective function coefficients and the dual variables in the linear program produces a model whose solutions satisfy Alonso's criteria. Finally, this paper shows that the NBER model is an application in which a linear programming problem computes market equilibria.     

Statistical measurement of trees’ similarity

Diagnostic theories are fundamental to Information Systems practice and are represented in trees. One way of creating diagnostic trees is by employing independent experts to construct such trees and compare them. However, good measures of similarity to compare diagnostic trees have not been identified. This paper presents an analysis of the suitability of various measures of association to determine the similarity of two diagnostic trees using bootstrap simulations. We find that three measures of association, Goodman and Kruskal’s Lambda, Cohen’s Kappa, and Goodman and Kruskal’s Gamma (J Am Stat Assoc 49(268):732–764, 1954) each behave differently depending on what is inconsistent between the two trees thus providing both measures for assessing alignment between two trees developed by independent experts as well as identifying the causes of the differences.     

论会计事项的认定与会计确认

符合确认标准的会计事项是会计确认的对象,会计确认是会计事项进入财务会计系统的第一道关口,两者关系十分密切,本文对会计事项作了科学界定,并针对不同事项的认定说明其对会计确认对象、观点和时间的影响,为科学合理地确认会计事项提供了理论指导。     

Can transnational aluminium producers be ecologically sustainable? A case study of Jamaica's bauxite/alumina industry

The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether the transnational aluminium corporations currently involved in Jamaica's bauxite/alumina industry are promoting an ecologically sustainable industrial development (ESID). ESID is defined as those patterns of industrialisation that enhance economic and social benefits for present and future generations without impairing basic ecological processes. This discussion will be pursued by comparing actual industrial performance against three proposed conditions that this pattern of industrialisation must satisfy if it is to be deemed ecologically sustainable: (1) It must minimise the degradation of the environment, (2) it must make the most efficient use of man-made and natural capital and (3) it must promote equity. These criteria are applied to two major environmental problems related to bauxite mining and storage of hazardous bauxite waste; rehabilitation of mined out bauxite fields and storage of hazardous bauxite residue. My findings indicate that the current activities of Jamaican bauxite/alumina production to a certain extent can be characterised as ecologically sound, insofar as the biosphere is not severely degraded. This is due to several measures initiated both to prevent environmental degradation as well as enhancing a more efficient use of production inputs. To be deemed ecologically sustainable, however, the industrial activity must also in accordance with the proposed criteria, promote equity. Regardless of extensive corporate initiatives beyond regulatory compliance, a significant share of Jamaica's potentially productive lands remains destroyed and/or occupied. Thus, 1 question whether the present pattern of Jamaican bauxite/alumina production can be characterised as ecologically sustainable.     

Developing measures for performance excellence: is the Baldrige criteria sufficient for performance excellence in higher education?

The implementation of the education criteria for performance excellence (ECPE)—the education version of the Baldrige criteria—is driven by the growing need for performance excellence in higher education. Ironically the criteria meant for performance excellence have no theoretical underpinning and are based on normative performance improvement requirements. The lack of content and internal validity is reflected in some critical weaknesses in the criteria. Based on a critical review, this paper highlights potential improvements in the areas of aligning processes with the organisational mission, operations focus, customer focus, workforce focus, and performance measurement. To help enhance the ECPE, the paper develops performance measures for systematic implementation of the criteria. This is discussed in terms of defining desired outcomes, developing key measures, identifying specific indicators to track performance, and choosing methods to assess performance. The discussions provide a basis for future revisions to the ECPE.     

The Optimality of Single-group Designs for Certain Mixed Models

In this paper optimal designs for the estimation of the fixed effects (population parameters) in a certain class of mixed models are investigated. Two classes of designs are compared: the class of single-group designs, where all individuals are observed under the same approximate design, and the class of more-group designs with the same mean number of observations per individual as before, where each individual can be observed under a different approximate design. It is shown that any design that is Φ-optimal in the class of single-group designs is also Φ-optimal in the larger class of more-group designs. The considered optimality criteria only have to satisfy mild assumptions, which is eg the case for the D-criterion and all linear criteria.     

On information-improvement and its generalization

TheTheil's information-improvement and its generalized form are consequences of different forms of the branching property that these measures are required to satisfy. We consider a seemingly more generalized form of the branching property and show that it does not lead to new measures. We also form a functional equation in three variables through this generalized branching property and show that this lead to the same result.The work is supported by a Post Doctoral Fellowship awarded to the author by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India.     

火电厂高落差循环水排水口的消能设计

结合某火力发电厂实例，介绍电厂高落差循环水排水口的消能措施，使排水与河道水流平顺连接，保证满足航道横向流速小于0．3m／s的要求，防止河岸被冲刷而坍塌。     

Sustainable Supplier Selection in Megaprojects: Grey Ordinal Priority Approach

Due to mounting environmental and social challenges, supplier selection has become one of the most critical tasks of project-oriented organizations. Because supplier selection can affect the long-term success and profitability of the organizations and their projects, directly, embracing sustainability can add value in the equation. Considering sustainability measures can positively guide project managers in making better decisions for the projects in the long term. Therefore, the current study attempts to provide a conceptual model for selecting the best supplier based on a sustainability framework in megaprojects. Meanwhile, decision-making methods can be employed as a proper tool to find the best supplier. Ordinal priority approach (OPA) is a recent development in multiple criteria decision making (MCDM), while it has many benefits compared with other methods like analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). However, this method cannot consider multiple ranks during the decision-making process, and using an uncertainty approach feels strongly. Grey systems theory (GST) can consider uncertainties with no need for large sample or proposing membership function. Hence, the current study employed the GST to consider multiple ranks for criteria and alternatives in the OPA method. This is the first time that a sustainable supplier selection framework has been presented for megaprojects with the aid of the Grey OPA (OPA-G) method. Finally, a case study has been examined to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The results show that the proposed approach can be used in real-world situations and it has acceptable performance under uncertainty conditions.     

浅析工程招标中存在的问题及对策

评标是工程招投标程序中的一项关键的工作,也是工程合同管理的开始,其目的是为招标人选择一家报价合理、响应性好、施工方案可行、发包人投资风险最小的合格投标人中标。中标人的投标应能够最大限度地满足招标文件中规定的各项综合评价标准;或能够满足招标文件的实质性要求,并且经评审的投标价格最低,但是投标价格低于成本的除外。本文简单的介绍了在工程中标中存在的一些问题及其对策。     

Assessment of CSR based supply chain performance system using an integrated fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS approach

The objective of this research was to identify Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) criteria as well as propose and prioritise the alternatives to improve the supply chain performance system of an organisation. To meet the objective, firstly, CSR-based criteria, sub-criteria and alternatives were identified based on the literature review and discussion with the field experts, taken from automobile industries located at the Delhi region of India. Then, kappa statistics has been applied to check the internal consistency between identified criteria and sub-criteria. After finding the evidence of internal consistency, a hierarchical-type model has been developed and analysed using a multi-criteria decision-making as an integrated fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and a fuzzy technique for order performance by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach. To make the results more robust and feasible, a sensitivity analysis has also been performed.     

Assessing the Performance of Classification Methods

A large number of measures have been developed for evaluating the performance of classification rules. Some of these have been developed to meet the practical requirements of specific applications, but many others—which here we call “classification accuracy” criteria—represent different ways of balancing the different kinds of misclassification which may be made. This paper reviews classification accuracy criteria. However, the literature is now so large and diverse that a comprehensive list, covering all the measures and their variants, would probably be impossible. Instead, this paper embeds such measures in general framework, spanning the possibilities, and draws attention to relationships between them. Important points to note are, firstly, that different performance measures, by definition, measure different aspects of performance; secondly, that one should therefore carefully choose a measure to match the objectives of one's study; and, thirdly, that empirical comparisons between instruments measuring different aspects are of limited value.     

Estimation Optimality of Corrected AIC and Modified Cp in Linear Regression

Model selection criteria often arise by constructing unbiased or approximately unbiased estimators of measures known as expected overall discrepancies (Linhart & Zucchini, 1986, p. 19). Such measures quantify the disparity between the true model (i.e., the model which generated the observed data) and a fitted candidate model. For linear regression with normally distributed error terms, the "corrected" Akaike information criterion and the "modified" conceptual predictive statistic have been proposed as exactly unbiased estimators of their respective target discrepancies. We expand on previous work to additionally show that these criteria achieve minimum variance within the class of unbiased estimators.     

A comparison between PPSWR and chaudhuri’s IPPS procedures

Chaudhuri (1975) suggested a simple procedure for extending any IPPS procedure involving two draws to an IPPS procedure for a general sample size, provided the size measures satisfy a certain condition. It is proved that the variance of the HTE based on Chaudhuri’s procedure is smaller than the variance of the usual unbiased estimator based on a PPSWR sample in the same number of draws, if the same is true for the procedure to start with.     

Local monotonicity of power: Axiom or just a property?

This paper discusses whether Local Monotonicity (LM) should be regarded as a property of the power distribution of a specific voting game under consideration, indicated by a power measure, or as a characteristic of power per se. The latter would require reasonable power measures to satisfy a corresponding LM axiom. The former suggests that measures which do not allow for a violation of LM fail to account for dimensions of power which can cause nonmonotonicity in voting weight. Only if a measure is able to indicate nonmonotonicity, it can help design voting games for which power turns out to be monotonic. The argument is discussed in the light of recent extensions of traditional power indices.     

质量管理体系在高精大型机床制造、服务中的实际应用

高精大型机床制造、服务过程中常遇到某些实际问题，文章结合ISO9000标准质量管理八大管理原则中某些原则的实际应用对其进行分析，并阐述尤其是在为用户服务方面，采取多种行之有效的实施办法，取得了直接的效果，而在技术创新开发新产品中抓住机遇，迎合市场需求，能让开发高精大型机床产品取得成功。