Serial and spatial error correlation

This paper demonstrates that jointly modeling serial and spatial error correlation results in a trade-off between the serial and spatial autocorrelation coefficients. Ignoring this trade-off causes inefficiency and may lead to nonstationarity.     

A generalized method of moments estimator for a spatial model with moving average errors, with application to real estate prices

This paper proposes a new GMM estimator for spatial regression models with moving average errors. Monte Carlo results are given which suggest that the GMM estimates are consistent and robust to non-normality, and the Bootstrap method is suggested as a way of testing the significance of the moving average parameter. The estimator is applied in a model of English real estate prices, in which the concepts of displaced demand and displaced supply are introduced to derive the spatial lag of prices, and the moving average error process represents spatially autocorrelated unmodelled variables.      

基于空间计量的房地产价格影响因素分析

现有文献大都认为各个地区的房地产价格是相互独立的,而事实上,空间依赖的存在会使得回归结果是有偏的。本文首先利用全局空间自相关指标(Moran’s I统计量)和局部空间自相关指标(LISA指标)检验我国房价的空间自相关,结果显示我国房价存在空间自相关。然后利用1999-2009年的省际面板数据,运用广义空间面板数据模型分析全国范围以及东、中、西部分区域房价,结果表明,在考虑了房价的空间相关性后,我国各区域房价的影响因素已不尽相同,东部地区房价基本完全由空间因素决定,西部地区房价由供给和需求等因素决定,而全国范围及中部地区房价受两者的共同影响,利率和汇率的变化对我国房价无显著影响。     

中国房地产价格波动区域差异的实证分析

本文首先定性地比较了各地房价的波动,发现其波动具有明显的地区不平衡性。进一步,本文基于误差修正模型形式的paneldata模型讨论了房价区域波动的差异,并分析了造成各地区房价波动差异的原因,尤其是货币政策效应的区域差异。结论如下:无论是房价的长期趋势还是短期波动,信贷规模对东、西部地区影响都比较大,中部地区较小,表明政府实施的信贷政策对调控东、西部地区的房价是有效的。实际利率对各区域影响差异不大,且影响较小。人均GDP无论长期还是短期对中部地区房价影响都比较大,表明中部地区房地产市场的发展更多地依赖于该地区的经济发展状况。房价的预期变量在东部地区对房价的短期波动有较大影响。     

Real exchange rate misalignments

This paper investigates episodes of real exchange rate appreciations and depreciations for a sample of 85 countries from 1960 to 1998. A Markov Switching Model is used to characterize real exchange rate misalignment series as stochastic autoregressive processes governed by two states corresponding to different means and variances. Our main findings are: first, some countries present no evidence of distinct misalignment regimes; second, for some countries there is no RER misalignment in one of the regimes; and, third, for the countries with two misalignment regimes, the appreciated regime has higher persistence than the depreciated one.     

房地产价格波动与投机行为--对中国14城市的实证研究

本文首先构建了适合中国的房地产投机理论模型,然后利用该模型对中国14个城市房地产价格波动与投机行为的关系进行实证研究.对14城市的时间序列数据研究结果表明各城市房地产投机水平都很高,个别城市更加突出.通过对14城市的截面数据分析,可以看出可支配收入对房地产价格没有显著影响,这些城市房地产价格的上升,主要是由投机来推动的,而且整体投机度非常高,说明房地产价格极大的偏离长期均衡值,市场出现了非理性繁荣,政府和产业部门应该采取适当的措施,积极引导消费者和投资者,为建立均衡的房地产市场提供良好的宏观和微观环境.     

Evidence on corruption as an incentive for foreign direct investment

This paper assesses the relationship between corruption and inward foreign direct investment (FDI). Previous research has presumed that corruption directly enters the cost function of multinationals, suggesting a negative relationship between corruption and FDI. For a sample of 73 developed and less developed countries and the time period 1995–1999, we find a clear positive relationship between corruption and FDI. Corruption is thus a stimulus for FDI.     

Errors in variables and spatial effects in hedonic house price models of ambient air quality

In the valuation of the effect of improved air quality through the estimation of hedonic models of house prices, the potential “errors in variables” aspect of the interpolated air pollution measures is often ignored. In this paper, we assess the extent to which this may affect the resulting empirical estimates for marginal willingness to pay (MWTP), using an extensive sample of over 100,000 individual house sales for 1999 in the South Coast Air Quality Management District of Southern California. We take an explicit spatial econometric perspective and account for spatial dependence and endogeneity using recently developed Spatial 2SLS estimation methods. We also account for both spatial autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity in the error terms, using the Kelejian–Prucha HAC estimator. Our results are consistent across different spatial weights matrices and different kernel functions and suggest that the bias from ignoring the endogeneity in interpolated values may be substantial. This paper is part of a joint research effort with James Murdoch (University of Texas, Dallas) and Mark Thayer (San Diego State University). Their valuable input is gratefully acknowledged. The research was supported in part by NSF Grant BCS-9978058 to the Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science (CSISS), and by NSF/EPA Grant SES-0084213. Earlier versions were presented at the 5th International Workshop on Spatial Econometrics and Statistics, Rome, Italy, May 2006, the 53th North American Meetings of the Regional Science Association International, Toronto, ON, Nov. 2006, the 2007 Meetings of the Allied Social Science Assocations, Chicago, IL, Jan 2007, and at departmental seminars at the University of Illinois. Comments by discussants and participants are greatly appreciated. A special thanks to Harry Kelejian for his detailed and patient clarification of the HAC estimator. The usual disclaimer holds.     

The information content of regional employment data for forecasting aggregate conditions

We consider whether disaggregated data enhance the efficiency of aggregate employment forecasts. We find that incorporating spatial interaction into a disaggregated forecasting model lowers the out-of-sample mean squared error from a univariate aggregate model by 70% at a two-year horizon.     

Lost in intervention. The Harrod–Balassa–Samuelson effect on the peseta/dollar real exchange rate (1870–1998)

We have decomposed the peseta/dollar real exchange rate (1870–1998) into its trend and cyclical components and used the former to proxy its time-varying equilibrium. Then, we have compared changes in the equilibrium with changes in the Spanish and the USA productivity differentials to identify years that do not fit with the Harrod–Balassa–Samuelson (HBS) hypothesis. The greatest maladjustment is found in the 1940s and 1950s, decades of strong exchange rate intervention in Spain. Conversely, the link between equilibrium and differentials adjusts to the hypothesis when using the non-intervened peseta/dollar exchange rate on the Tangier black market. These contrasting results back up the idea that exchange rate intervention, so common in developing countries, might explain their scanter evidence in favour of the HBS effect.     

我国省域农民收入影响因素的空间计量分析

本文运用空间计量方法对我国2004年和2008年省域农村居民收入的影响因素进行了实证分析.研究结果显示农民收入具有很强的空间异质性,采用OLS回归高估了城市化和固定资产投资对农民收入的影响.空间滞后模型回归结果显示2004年农村劳动力主要集中于农业,生产效率不高,并且产业较为单一,主要以农业为主,这对农民收人产生了阻碍.随着我国农村剩余劳动力不断向城市转移,农业生产效率不断提高,同时国家不断加强对农村产业结构的调整,其对农民收入的阻碍作用已经不显著.与此同时,研究发现城市化和固定资产投资对农民收入的促进作用具有逐渐增强的趋势.