Jingle bells or ‘green’ bells? The impact of socially responsible consumption principles upon consumer behaviour at Christmas time

Socially responsible consumption (SRC) behaviours have progressed over the last few years and appear to show signs of a lasting trend. Situations of atypical consumption such as Christmas time, however, raise an important and as of yet unexplored question: What are the influences of unusual situations upon the relationship between people's socially responsible profile and their socially responsible purchase intentions (SRPI)? The objective of this article is thus to use the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991 ) and environment‐based variables, called ‘atmospherics’, to answer to this question. A Web survey on a total sample of 301 Canadian consumers, shows that people's past SRC behaviours are positively related to their SRPI in unusual situations. Moreover, the atmosphere of the place consumers are situated in has a negative moderating influence upon this relationship. This result is explained by a change in people's attitude toward SRC. However, this negative moderating effect of atmosphere is contained and constrained by social desirability in the form of subjective norms on SRC and the level of behavioural control consumers perceive.     

A Matter of Survival - Determinants of Rational Behavior in B-to-B Markets

The paper focuses on the question of whether the frequently stated industrial/consumer dichotomy with respect to the involved degree of rationality in decision making, namely that it is high in b-to-b and low in b-to-c markets, is in fact justified. We develop a universal framework to determine which factors lead to rational behavior. The framework may be used for determining if a given decision situation should be analyzed by means of an economic or rather a behavioral approach. When adapting this framework to evaluate decisions in business markets, we identify conditions under which rational behavior is unlikely. Thus, from a purely theoretical standpoint, the proposed dichotomy seems questionable. Whether or not, however, the identified conditions promoting ‘irrationality’ in both industrial and consumer markets in fact must be determined empirically. Therefore, we also suggest an empirical test for the universal framework.     

Probability and Mode of Acquisition Effects on Choices Between Hedonic and Utilitarian Options

We examine the effects of probability and mode of acquisition on choices between hedonic and utilitarian alternatives. The results suggest that the lower the probability of receiving the selected item, the more likely individuals will be to choose the more hedonic alternative in a choice set. Mode of acquisition (i.e., whether subjects are choosing in a windfall or a standard purchase situation) is also found to affect preferences, even when probability of acquisition is held constant. Hedonic options appear to be more popular as prizes than as purchases, whereas utilitarian options appear to be more popular as purchases than as prizes.     

我国信用消费发展的瓶颈及对策研究

信用消费在微观上有助于消费者克服流动性约束,自由进行跨时期消费选择,实现家庭效用和福利的最大化;在宏观上是扩大居民有效需求,促进经济增长行之有效的手段。本文认为消费者观念滞后、商业银行对信用消费态度消极、法律与制度环境不利以及宏观经济环境具有较大不确定性等四方面因素是制约我国信用消费发展的瓶颈。为了促进信用消费发展,应培育居民合理的信用消费方式,提高其个人消费信贷的积极性,完善个人资信体系和社会信用机制,保持宏观经济快速发展。     

Rational Moralists and Moral Rationalists Value-Based Management: Model,Criterion and Validation

This paper considers ethical decision making by blending three streams of related research: cognitive moral development of the decision maker, rational choice theory and a subjective expected utility model. Ethical dilemmas can be defined as situations where moral certainty is compromised by rational cognition. In this paper, the authors assume that some people use a morality-first perspective and others a rationality-first perspective. Ethical scenarios were written and used to test hypotheses derived from this perspective. The instrument developed was shown to be in need of further refinement. Results are discussed in terms of relationships between participant-characteristics variables overall and subscale responses to the ethical scenarios.     

证券市场投资者的心理和决策特征评述

本文探讨了证券市场投资者的心理和决策特征问题,归纳了10条投资者的心理特征,重点对投资者的理性决策理论、有限理性决策理论和期望理论及其应用进行了评述。     

新外贸法下个人参与对外贸易的理性选择

外贸法修订后,个人参与对外贸易活动的方式增多,对于每个有志于参与外贸活动的个人而言,选择何种方式最为合适成为一个关键的问题。文章从各种方式的特征出发,分析了影响及限制个人方式选择的主要条件,认为个人应以个人利益最大化为基础和归宿进行选择才是理性的选择。     

我国农户消费理性行为的实证研究

本文利用偏自相关函数（PACF）、DF检验、工具变量法（IV）等分析方法,对农户的消费行为进行了实证分析,得出农户消费在统计上是符合随机游走假说的,但实际上有0．223的偏差．1阶滞后以后的农户消费对当期消费仍具有一定的负向影响。根据实证分析结果,在农户消费的增加额中．有47．6％来自农户当期收入的增加,有52．4％来自农户持久收入的增加。因此,虽然理性都是有限的,但与西方典型消费者相比,我国农户呈现出了更多“有限理性”的特点。针对我国农户消费行为,为了开拓农村市场,应该提高农民素质、完善农村市场、改善农村消费环境。     

生态农业:适应绿色消费的必然选择

生态农业是以生态学原理和经济学原理为指导,应用现代技术和方法,实现经济效益、生态效益和社 会效益相统一的农业体系。必须通过揭示绿色消费与生态农业的关系,才能认清发展生态农业的重要性,从 而针对我国的实际情况找出发展生态农业的主要途径。     

Patterns of Hedonic Consumption Over Time

Two experiments investigated whether individuals choose to listen to songs that maximize their enjoyment on each trial (local maximization) or across the sequence of trials (global maximization). In Study 1, participants made repeated choices between one liked song and one disliked song. In Study 2, participants made repeated choices between a liked song and two less-preferred songs. Participants' choices and ratings indicate that they did not maximize locally. In both studies, participants switched to the less-preferred songs before their ratings of the favored songs had declined to the level of the less-preferred songs. Additionally, in Study 2, more participants chose their favorite song on a given trial when it was the last trial of the block than when the block was expected to continue. This indicates that participants who did not choose the favored song in the latter case were not maximizing locally. That individuals continued to choose variety even at the very end of the experiments also suggests that they were not maximizing globally. Thus, the present studies suggest the intriguing possibility that participants' variety seeking did not reflect local or global maximization. Implications for variety seeking are discussed.     

金融市场泡沫理论的文献综述

近年来,世界各国经济密切度的加深不仅带来了全球经济一体化,而且使金融市场经济泡沫发生的广度和深度今非昔此,总结有关金融市场泡沫理论的文献,不仅可以把握泡沫研究的根本和精髓,也可以为进一步的研究提供坚实的理论基础。     

Means matter, but variance matter too: Decomposing response latency influences on variance heterogeneity in stated preference experiments

Response time latencies have been shown to influence consumer’s choice behaviour in choice-based-conjoint studies. The literature has shown that response time latencies affect the mean outputs of parameter estimates derived from models of discrete choice. In this paper, we add further insight into the influences response time latencies have on such models by modelling latent response information associated with the variance of random parameter distributions through parameterisation of variance heterogeneity (or heteroskedasticity). We demonstrate that response time latencies influence not only the means of random parameter distributions, but also the variances, and that failure to account for both may result in incorrect model inferences being drawn.