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1.
This paper delivers a step toward a naturalistic foundation of the social contract. While mainstream social contract theory
is based on an original position model that is defined in an aprioristic way, we endogenize its key elements, i.e., develop
them out of the individuals’ moral common sense. Therefore, the biological and social bases of moral intuitions are explored.
In this context, a key adaptation during evolution was the one that enabled humans to understand conspecifics as intentional
agents. Since these behavioral aspects are considered to be an exaptation, they are not amenable to direct genetic explanations
or to rationality-based approaches.
相似文献
Christian SchubertEmail: |
2.
Ulrich Witt 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2008,18(5):547-575
Ever since an “evolutionary” perspective on the economy has been suggested, there have been differing, and partly incommensurable,
views on what specifically this means. By working out where the differences lie and what motivates them, this paper identifies
four major approaches to evolutionary economics. The differences between them can be traced back to opposite positions regarding
the basic assumptions about reality and the proper conceptualization of evolution. The same differences can also be found
in evolutionary game theory. Achievements of the major approaches to evolutionary economics and their prospects for future
research are assessed by means of a peer survey.
相似文献
Ulrich WittEmail: |
3.
Richard H. Day 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2008,18(2):261-273
The natures of rational thought and rational lives are described as the basis of an adaptive economizing theory which presents
an alternative microeconomic foundation contrasting with but complementary to optimal control theory for modeling mesoeconomic
order. Contrastingly, that micro foundation seems to imply the inappropriateness of representing macro data as an optimal
economic agent. Rather, direct representation of the emergent causal order in the macroeconomic data is suggested.
相似文献
Richard H. DayEmail: |
4.
John F. Henry 《Forum for Social Economics》2007,36(1):17-27
Social outcomes are analyzed either by placing responsibility for those outcomes on the individual or to locate the cause
in a specific social factor – discrimination. Here, I argue that individual decision-making cannot be the cause of poverty,
illustrative of one outcome, and that commentary specifying a particular social factor is insufficient to address the fundamental,
underlying cause of poverty. Rather, one must examine the nature of the economic system that lies at the root of such issues.
In the process of developing the argument, it is shown that the individualist explanation of poverty is linked to the neoclassical
framework, and that this individualist explanation is a product of the (capitalist) economic system itself which then induces
an ideology both privileging such an explanation and preventing the development of satisfactory theory that would inform proper
policy. An example of this point is drawn from the 1960’s “war on poverty” program.
相似文献
John F. HenryEmail: |
5.
Hardy Hanappi 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2008,18(2):275-289
The goal of this paper is to highlight the importance of the concept of choice. To do so, a synopsis of the most important
contributions to this topic—featuring an eclectic set of scholars across disciplines—is provided. As central to the argument,
John von Neumann’s contributions, game theory and simulation techniques on von Neumann machines, are identified. Innovation
(economic and theoretic) as the driving force behind human evolution seems to head for a new scientific paradigm based on
von Neumann’s ideas.
相似文献
Hardy HanappiEmail: |
6.
Randall G. Holcombe 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2008,21(4):225-249
Twentieth century economics was dominated by the development and refinement of the concept of economic equilibrium. While
it is worthwhile to understand the properties of economic equilibrium, equilibrium concepts have dominated economic thought
to the point that they have obscured some of the more important issues economists have always strived to understand. At least
since Adam Smith’s time, economists have tried to understand the causes of prosperity, and how economic welfare can be enhanced,
but these issues are best understood outside the equilibrium framework. The foundations provided by the Austrian school point
toward ways that economic analysis can expand beyond the equilibrium framework.
相似文献
Randall G. HolcombeEmail: |
7.
Corrado Andini 《Portuguese Economic Journal》2009,8(1):15-22
In a seminal paper, Levine et al. (J Monet Econ 46:31–77, 2000) provide cross-sectional evidence showing that financial development has positive average impact on long-run growth, using
a sample of 71 countries. We argue that the evidence is sensitive to the presence of outliers.
相似文献
Corrado AndiniEmail: |
8.
Carmine Gorga 《Forum for Social Economics》2009,38(1):53-69
With the help of planes and solids, this paper presents an enlargement of the field of observation of economic theory. Through
this transformation, the distribution of ownership rights to money and wealth assumes a central position in economic analysis.
Thus social relevance is returned to economics. The validity of this operation is confirmed by the return of the millenarian
field of economic justice to its traditional function as guidance to economic policy. The paper then presents four sets of
economic rights and responsibilities that offer the potential of translating principles of economic justice into the complexities
of the modern world.
Carmine Gorga is a former Fulbright scholar and the recipient of a Council of Europe Scholarship for his dissertation on “The Political Thought of Louis D. Brandeis.” Dr. Gorga has transformed the linear world of economic theory into a relational discipline in which everything is related to everything else—internally as well as externally. He was assisted in this endeavor by many people, notably for 27 years by Professor Franco Modigliani, a Nobel laureate in economics from MIT. The resulting work, The Economic Process: An Instantaneous Non-Newtonian Picture, was published in 2002. During the last few years, Mr. Gorga has concentrated his attention on the requirements for the unification of economic theory and policy. For details, see . 相似文献
Carmine GorgaEmail: |
Carmine Gorga is a former Fulbright scholar and the recipient of a Council of Europe Scholarship for his dissertation on “The Political Thought of Louis D. Brandeis.” Dr. Gorga has transformed the linear world of economic theory into a relational discipline in which everything is related to everything else—internally as well as externally. He was assisted in this endeavor by many people, notably for 27 years by Professor Franco Modigliani, a Nobel laureate in economics from MIT. The resulting work, The Economic Process: An Instantaneous Non-Newtonian Picture, was published in 2002. During the last few years, Mr. Gorga has concentrated his attention on the requirements for the unification of economic theory and policy. For details, see . 相似文献
9.
Pierre Garrouste 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2008,21(4):251-269
This paper presents an analysis of the way the Austrian theory of institutions evolved from Menger’s main works. It also tries
to advance the idea that the economics of institutions, when it deals with the emergence and evolution of rules and norms
from interacting individuals, is inspired by Menger’s work and more generally by the Austrian analysis of the emergence and
evolution of institutions. Recent works in the economics of institutions build on this earlier Austrian work to make it more
formalized and testable.
相似文献
Pierre GarrousteEmail: |
10.
Jason Brennan 《Constitutional Political Economy》2007,18(4):287-299
Rawls’ theory of justice is paradoxical, for it requires a society to aim directly to maximize the basic goods received by
the least advantaged even if directly aiming is self-defeating. Rawls’ reasons for rejecting capitalist systems commit him
to holding that a society must not merely maximize the goods received by the least advantaged, but must do so via specific
institutions. By Rawls’ own premises, in the long run directly aiming to satisfy the difference principle is contrary to the
interests of the poor, though it is meant to aid them.
相似文献
Jason BrennanEmail: |
11.
Monetary policy as bad medicine: The volatile relationship between business cycles and asset prices 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Philipp Bagus 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2008,21(4):283-300
Austrian business cycle theory has become an important point of focus in controversial mainstream discussions regarding the
role of asset prices in monetary policy. In this article, the relation between asset prices and the Austrian business cycle
theory is examined. The analysis focuses on how central banking supports optimism, resulting in the redirection of entrepreneurial
activity and knowledge via asset price bubbles. The crucial role of credit expansion for asset price booms is also analyzed.
Following this analysis, the implications for monetary policy are deduced.
相似文献
Philipp BagusEmail: |
12.
The Social Economics of Globalization 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
John P. Tiemstra 《Forum for Social Economics》2007,36(2):143-159
There is general agreement on the moral values that globalization should serve. These are widespread prosperity and economic
growth, ecological sustainability, and cultural diversity. Proponents believe that neoliberal globalization will achieve these
goals, while the critics believe that globalization undermines them. An institutionalist theory that recognizes the reality
of economic power and choice posits that globalization enhances the power of the business sector at the expense of the government
and moral–cultural sectors. Policies for redressing this imbalance are discussed.
相似文献
John P. TiemstraEmail: |
13.
Robert Kemp 《Forum for Social Economics》2007,36(1):43-51
This paper puts the theory of medical dominance, as it understood as a sociological theory of historical change, into a broader
theory of institutional change of the delivery of medical care. The application of medical dominance theory to three institutional
contexts (Australia, USA, and Canada) is reviewed. The possibility of progressive institutional change in the delivery of
medical care is addressed, as well as the type of technological innovation that might accompany such institutional change.
The concept of medical dominance is useful to explain the dominant characteristics supporting the institution of medical practice.
However, an explanatory theory of the evolution of health care delivery should be linked to the instrumentally warranted standards
for medical care. These standards are then discussed.
相似文献
Robert KempEmail: |
14.
In defence of generalized Darwinism 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Howard E. Aldrich Geoffrey M. Hodgson David L. Hull Thorbjørn Knudsen Joel Mokyr Viktor J. Vanberg 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2008,18(5):577-596
Darwin himself suggested the idea of generalizing the core Darwinian principles to cover the evolution of social entities.
Also in the nineteenth century, influential social scientists proposed their extension to political society and economic institutions.
Nevertheless, misunderstanding and misrepresentation have hindered the realization of the powerful potential in this longstanding
idea. Some critics confuse generalization with analogy. Others mistakenly presume that generalizing Darwinism necessarily
involves biological reductionism. This essay outlines the types of phenomena to which a generalized Darwinism applies, and
upholds that there is no reason to exclude social or economic entities.
相似文献
Viktor J. VanbergEmail: |
15.
Thierry Aimar 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2009,22(3):199-207
The Austrian School has had a curious destiny: while contributing many concepts to contemporary economic theory, it is either
ignored or criticised by much of modern economic literature. This article discusses possible reasons for this institutional
sidelining and the main futures of a renewal of Austrian thought.
相似文献
Thierry AimarEmail: |
16.
The paper investigates the social exclusion process in the European Union (EU), particularly in Luxemburg, addressing both
conceptual and empirical issues. It examines aspects such as: the most appropriate definition of social exclusion for the
case of Luxemburg, the way economic and social disadvantages cumulate within the social exclusion process, and the main determinants
of social exclusion, income poverty and deprivation. To analyze the topics mentioned above, different econometric models have
been applied.
相似文献
Ileana TacheEmail: |
17.
Mina Baliamoune-Lutz 《International Advances in Economic Research》2008,14(4):422-432
We explore the short-run dynamics and long-run relationship between income and financial development in Algeria, Egypt, and
Morocco. We use co-integration and VECM models and four indicators of financial development. The empirical results indicate
that there is a long-run relationship between income and each financial development indicator, except credit to the private
sector in Algeria. On the other hand, Granger-causality test results indicate that the evidence on the direction of causality
is mixed.
相似文献
Mina Baliamoune-LutzEmail: |
18.
Evolutionary thinking in environmental economics 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Jeroen C. J. M. van den Bergh 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2007,17(5):521-549
Evolutionary and environmental economics have a potentially close relationship. This paper reviews past and identifies potential
applications of evolutionary concepts and methods to environmental economics. This covers a number of themes: resource use
and ecosystem management; growth and environmental resources; economic and evolutionary progress; and individual behavior
and environmental policy. The treatment will address both biological and economic—including institutional, organizational
and technological-evolutionary phenomena. Attention will be drawn to the fact that evolutionary economics shows a surprising
neglect of environmental and natural resource factors.
相似文献
Jeroen C. J. M. van den BerghEmail: |
19.
Nicole Bissessar 《International Advances in Economic Research》2009,15(3):336-350
Corruption is said to be characterized by persistence. This conclusion is derived from the theoretical literature, although
little empirical evidence exists to support it. Using corruption ratings data from the Political Risk Services Group, International
Country Risk Guide on 110 countries from 1984 through 2006, I seek to determine whether or not corruption has actually exhibited
persistence over this period. The Markov Transition Chain Matrices were used in the empirical analysis. The calculations show
that corruption does persist in more than half of the sample. Next I focus on two regions: Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle
East, and North Africa. The analysis shows these regions to be characterized by persistent corruption.
相似文献
Nicole BissessarEmail: |
20.
Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) is typically portrayed as a technique for promoting efficiency in government. We don’t deny that
CBA can be used in this manner, but instead focus on a different property of CBA, namely, its evolution from scholarly musings
into a framing institution within which budgetary processes operate. The evolution of CBA into institutional status, moreover,
shows the value of bringing a polyarchical perspective to bear on fiscal organization, wherein budgetary outcomes emerge through
structured interaction among participants. CBA is a product of interaction within a political ecology, as distinct from being
the product of some person’s optimizing choice.
相似文献
Richard E. WagnerEmail: |