“金砖四国”产业内贸易的经济效应分析

文章利用加权产业内贸易指标、产业内贸易与贸易额和GDP之间的相关关系对＂金砖四国＂产业内贸易的经济效应进行实证分析。结果显示推动四国贸易的主要是产业间贸易,中国与印度产业内贸易总体水平最高,但中国与巴西的贸易额对加权产业内贸易指数的弹性系数最大,中国与俄罗斯双边产业内贸易对推动两国GDP的作用最为突出。     

中国制造业国际分工地位研究——基于产业内贸易形态的跨国比较

利用四分位贸易数据,从产业内贸易形态跨国比较的视角,本文对中国制造业国际分工地位进行了研究。结论发现:中国贸易50%以上为低品质垂直产业内贸易,发达国家50%以下为低品质垂直产业内贸易;随着产品技术含量升级,中国低品质垂直产业内贸易比重上升,高技术产品达92.6%;劳动密集型行业以水平产业内贸易为主,技术和资本密集型行业以低品质垂直产业内贸易为主。因此,中国制造业国际分工地位低下,在技术和资本密集型产品上尤为低下。提升"中国制造"国际分工地位,实现"中国制造"到"中国创造"成为当务之急。     

中日双边产业内贸易及影响因素实证研究

本文利用产业内贸易指数对1988～2008年中日贸易数据的分析结果显示:产业内贸易已成为两国贸易的重要组成部分,其中制成品特别是SITC5+7类资本或技术密集型制成品的产业内贸易特征尤为明显。进一步分析表明,中日产业内贸易比重的提升主要得益于垂直型产业内贸易的发展,且中国在中日垂直型产业内贸易中整体居于贸易劣势地位。对中日产业内贸易影响因素的回归结果显示:中日人均GDP差异、市场规模以及日本对华直接投资与中日产业内贸易正相关,而中日市场规模差异与中日产业内贸易负相关。     

中国加入WTO以来中日国际分工格局的变化——以汽车及其零部件产业内贸易为例

大多数国家的经验表明,一国经济开放度的提高会改变该国的国际分工模式,具体表现为产业内贸易水平的上升。本文具体研究中国加入WTO以来中日汽车及其零部件的产业内贸易,得出结论:中日汽车及其零部件的产业内贸易水平在这一时期不仅没有上升,反而出现了大幅度的下降。作者对此原因作了研究并提出了一些启示。     

中日两国产业内贸易及其影响因素分析

中日两国产业内贸易的比重正呈逐年上升的趋势，产业内贸易和产业间贸易并存发展，呈现出较为高级的垂直型分工型态。中日两国的产业内贸易受多种因素共同影响，其中，中国人均收入水平不断提高以及日本对华直接投资规模的扩大是重要的影响因素。     

中国与东盟产业内贸易现状与动因分析

本文运用综合产业内贸易指数(G&L指数)对中国与东盟近11年来的大量贸易资料进行分析。指出中国和东盟间的贸易增长主要是来自于产业内贸易的增长,并分析了中国和东盟五国产业内贸易发展的动因,提出了加强组建中国—东盟自由贸易区的重要意义,并提出了相关意见和建议。     

中国与东盟产业内贸易分析

近年来,随着中国与东盟各国经济的发展,要素禀赋的差异性正在弱化,规模经济日趋重要,大多数产品为满足国家之间不同购买需求日趋差异化,技术变化也不断向各行业渗透。双方在产业转移、产业结构调整中,逐步从传统产业间贸易走向产业内贸易。本文借助现有统计数据,揭示中国与东盟国家逐步从产业间贸易走向产业内贸易的发展趋势,探讨形成产业内贸易的动因,以及进一步发展产业内贸易的有利弊因素,最后提出相关的建议。     

FDI与垂直型产业内贸易实证研究——基于中日统计数据的Granger因果检验

基于Fukao等人(2003)的模型对FDI与垂直型产业内贸易的分析结果表明,在FDI成本与贸易成本较低的条件下,当两国存在资源禀赋差异时,FDI会引起两国间垂直型产业内贸易。进一步利用1988年至2009年中日贸易数据的指数进行分析的结果表明:产业内贸易已成为两国贸易的重要组成部分,其中SITC 7类机电产品产业内贸易特征尤为明显,而中日产业内贸易比重的提升则主要得益于垂直型产业内贸易的发展。而Granger因果检验的结果证实了理论分析的结论。     

中国与韩国机电产品产业内贸易分析

本文通过对中国和韩国机电产品产业内贸易的现状分析,揭示出制约中国与韩国机电产品产业内贸易的因素,并提出了促进中国与韩国机电产品产业内贸易进一步发展的措施。     

台海两岸ICT制造业的贸易模式及其决定因素分析

本文基于中国台湾1993～2010年的贸易数据对台海两岸信息通信科技(ICT)制造业最终产品和零部件贸易模式进行解析,研究结果显示:台海两岸ICT制造业的贸易模式逐步从20世纪90年代以产业间贸易为主转变为21世纪以产业内贸易为主,这一点在零部件贸易中表现得尤为突出;无论是最终产品还是零部件,台海两岸ICT产品产业内贸易都以垂直产业内贸易为主,并且零部件产业内贸易中垂直产业内贸易所占比重明显高于最终产品;进一步分析ICT产品垂直产业内贸易中台湾的相对技术优势发现,无论是在最终产品还是零部件垂直产业内贸易中,台湾对大陆出口的高技术含量产品均占据优势份额且呈迅速上涨趋势。台海两岸ICT制造业的产业内贸易模式的实证检验表明,两岸ICT零部件的产业内贸易主要是由驱动ICT全球性生产网络发展的垂直专业分工链条的分解所导致,而ICT最终产品的产业内贸易则主要是由市场规模等需求性因素所导致。     

贸易模式结构变化与我国经济增长

本文主要是分析贸易模式结构的变化,即中国产业内贸易变化趋势对中国经济增长的促进作用,通过分析产业内贸易促进经济增长的机制,以及相关的数据实证分析得出结论,并提出政策上的建议。     

The measurement of intra-industry trade between unequal partners

Summary This note argues that the inadequacy of the GL index to correctly reflect the level of intra-industry trade in presence of trade imbalances may partly be due to measuring intra-industry trade between countries with large differences in economic size. Several adjustment procedures have been suggested in the literature but it is demonstrated that none of the alternative measures seem capable of eliminating the problem. A new measure of intra-industry trade is proposed in which the bilateral level of intra-industry trade is divided by the total number of products traded between two countries to yield an average level of intra-industry trade per product. This measure may also be applied at industry level, and in contrast to the GL index, it is highly correlated with the actual level of intra-industry trade. In studies of intra-industry trade, one should cautiously interpret the GL index since it may give a false picture of the extent and the volume of intra-industry trade. If the standard GL index is used, it is suggested that also alternative measures of intra-industry trade are employed to complement the GL index in order to correctly observe the true extent of intra-industry trade.     

日本对华直接投资与中日垂直型产业内贸易实证研究

利用产业内贸易指数对1988至2009年中日贸易数据的分析结果显示:产业内贸易已成为两国贸易的重要组成部分,其中SITC 7类机电产品产业内贸易特征尤为明显。进一步分析表明,中日产业内贸易比重的提升主要得益于垂直型产业内贸易的发展。利用Fukao等人(2003)的模型对FDI与垂直型产业内贸易的分析结果表明,在FDI成本与贸易成本较低的条件下,当两国存在要素禀赋差异时,FDI会引起两国间垂直型产业内贸易。     

金融风暴之后的中国产品内贸易问题研究

本文首先综述了产品内贸易理论问题,其次,分析国际金融风暴之后,以来料加工装配贸易和进料加工贸易为主的中国产品内贸易问题,最后,从产品结构、贸易方式、区域发展、服务外包等方面对中国产品内贸易给出相关政策建议。     

“后雁行模式”下的中韩电子信息产业贸易——合作还是竞争?

随着"雁行"分工模式的发展,中韩电子信息产业贸易结构悄然变化。本文通过计算1992～2007年中韩电子信息产业的贸易竞争力、贸易互补性、产业内贸易指数及出口贸易技术复杂度,分析了两国电子信息产业的贸易结构。结果表明:中国电子信息产品的竞争力逐渐增强,出口贸易技术结构不断优化,中韩技术差距逐渐缩小,部分电子信息产品的竞争力已超过韩国;双方优势产业重合度较低,贸易互补大于竞争且呈上升趋势,互补性亦由单向发展为双向;双方产业内贸易长期保持较高水平,其中垂直型产业内贸易占主导,而近年水平型产业内贸易迅速上升;中韩电子信息产业合作潜力巨大,双边开放有望实现"共赢"。     

Chinese Bilateral Intra-Industry Trade: A Panel Data Study for 50 Countries in the 1992–2001 Period

This study examines the features and determinants of Chinese intra-industry trade during the 1992–2001 transition period for 50 of China’s trade partners. We disentangle total intra-industry trade (TIIT) into vertical intra-industry trade (VIIT) vis-à-vis horizontal intra-industry trade (HIIT), using data at the four-digit SITC level. The findings indicate that Chinese bilateral intra-industry trade, particularly VIIT, increased significantly during this transition period. VIIT appears to be positively related to differences in consumer patterns. HIIT is negatively related to these differences. In addition, we find that FDI has played an important role in determining IIT, especially VIIT. Other significant intra-industry trade drivers are geographical distance, economic size, trade openness and trade composition. Finally, the impact of China’s liberalization policies and the special role of Hong Kong are demonstrated. We discuss a number of important business and political implications that can be drawn from our findings. JEL no. F14     

The estimation of intra-industry trade in South Africa

This article uses recently released data to analyse the nature of trade between South Africa and the world. Two variations of the Grubel-Lloyd index are calculated, and they reveal that South Africa has predictably low levels of intra-industry trade among the primary product chapters, as well as low overall levels of intra-industry trade. It is only in certain manufacturing chapters (eg clothing and textiles) that the level of intra-industry trade is generally higher. There is, however, a very definite upward trend in the overall level of intra-industry trade manifested at all levels.     

Measuring marginal intra-industry trade

Measuring Marginal Intra-Industry Trade. — Trade liberalisation and adjustment: how important is intra-industry trade? This paper focuses on the appropriate measurement of intra-industry trade as indicator of structural adjustment costs. It is argued that existing dynamic versions of the Grubel-Lloyd index reflect horizontal trade only and classify vertical intra-industry trade with inter-industry trade. The paper proposes a method to distinguish between horizontal and vertical trade and applies these techniques to emerging trade between the EU and the economies of central and eastern Europe.     

垄断竞争、产业内贸易与相对工资差距

本文首先运用理论模型推导出垄断竞争市场条件下产业内贸易与行业相对工资差距之间的关系。理论结果显示,当产品的产出技能替代弹性(高技术工人相对雇佣量的变化率/产出的变化率)为正时,产业内贸易将会扩大相对工资差距;当产品的产出技能替代弹性为负时,产业内贸易将会缩小相对工资差距。然后以中美工业制成品产业内贸易为例对该结论进行验证,计量检验结果表明,我国制成品的产出技能替代弹性为正,中美工业制成品产业内贸易扩大了相对工资差距。     

Two-way trade between unequal partners: The EU and the developing countries

Two-Way Trade between Unequal Partners: The EU and the Developing Countries. — This paper analyses the intra-industry trade specialization between the EU and the developing countries between 1980 and 1992. It shows that EU intra-industry trade with the developing countries has greatly increased and that the traditional measure of intra-industry trade, the Grubel-Lloyd index, is inappropriate when applied to trade between developed and developing countries. By and large, the empirical analysis confirms that intra-industry trade between the developed and the developing countries increases with average and per capita income, and with reduced differences in economic size and capital-labour ratios.