公共危机与政府治理模式变革

全球化浪潮下,转型期的中国处于危机的频发期，有效治理危机至为重要。当前中国危机管理面临着理论困境和实践难题，究其本质在于公共治理的缺失。要走出困境，必须革新危机治理范式和转变政府治理模式。具体来说，必须实现治理目标、治理主体和治理手段的转变。     

全球气候治理发展新趋势及中国战略选择

当前气候变暖受到国际社会普遍关注,并已成为深入讨论的热点,也是全球各国需要通力合作、不断改善的问题。本文首先对全球气候治理的现状与问题进行分析,并进一步探究全球气候治理的新趋势。基于全球气候治理的现状及趋势,文章总结了中国在全球气候治理过程中的贡献,并就气候治理问题提出中国未来的战略选择。     

全球气候治理中“搭便车”行为的经济学分析

自气候谈判启动以来,由于"搭便车"行为的存在,全球气候治理的集体行动每每到了关键议题,就会止步不前,很难达成统一协定,于是解决"搭便车"就成了气候治理全球行动进行下去的关键。从经济学角度看,造成"搭便车"的原因主要有三点:一是气候治理的公共物品属性,二是气候治理的巨额交易费用,三是参与气候治理的成员结构。本文将对这三点进行系统梳理,为"搭便车"问题的解决提供理论准备。     

全球气候治理中“搭便车”行为的经济学分析

自气候谈判启动以来,由于"搭便车"行为的存在,全球气候治理的集体行动每每到了关键议题,就会止步不前,很难达成统一协定,于是解决"搭便车"就成了气候治理全球行动进行下去的关键。从经济学角度看,造成"搭便车"的原因主要有三点:一是气候治理的公共物品属性,二是气候治理的巨额交易费用,三是参与气候治理的成员结构。本文将对这三点进行系统梳理,为"搭便车"问题的解决提供理论准备。     

城市社区治理中公众参与的困境及对策研究

加强和创新社会治理是近年来党和政府持续推动的政策导向,其精神内涵提出了对城市社区治理体系创新的现实要求。公众参与作为城市社区治理体系创新的重要支撑,其作用在多元主体治理模式中因制度困境、组织困境、公民主体困境受到了极大的抑制。通过修改法律法规、落实多元主体治理、加强社会组织建设、提升公民主体意识和能力、构建基于公民主体地位的评价指标体系可以有效破解困境,满足国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的改革要求。     

当前我国消费不足治理面临的四个困境

自上世纪末出现消费不足以来,我国积极推行扩大需求、刺激消费的治理对策,但至今依然面临诸多困境:一是理论困境,缺乏经典的或公认的理论对我国消费不足予以系统、全面的理论阐释;二是逻辑困境,现有治理思路遵循的是扩大消费,促进生产,进一步积累消费不足的循环无解逻辑;三是伦理困境,处于过度消费与可持续发展、节俭消费与扩大消费的两难选择之间;四是对策困境,各种对策难以协调、配合,缺乏连贯性,降低了整体合力和长期效力。认识当前我国消费不足治理面临的诸多困境,是推进消费不足科学治理的前提和基础。     

基于"利益相关者"理论的高校财务困境的治理策略

"利益相关者"理论在国外高校困境治理中的价值体现为指导高校形成了治理困境的有效路径。基于对国外经验的借鉴及我国高校困境成因的分析,本文提出基于利益相关者理论的高校财务困境的治理策略。     

董事会治理与公司经营困境关系的研究现状、问题与趋势

董事会作为公司治理体系的核心,其表现与公司处于经营困境有着直接联系。本文系统回顾了国内外有关董事会治理与公司经营困境之间关系研究的现状,主要介绍了国内外学者对董事会规模、内部董事、董事会独立性和治理困境有效性与公司经营困境之间关系的理论和实证研究成果,并给出了简要评述,同时提出了董事会治理与困境关系研究存在的基本问题,并指出了今后的研究趋势。     

财务困境上市公司治理失败的实证研究

良好的公司治理结构是保持公司财务健康的必要条件.本文通过实证研究来阐明财务困境企业治理结构的特征,从治理结构层面寻找使企业陷入财务困境的原因,引导企业对治理结构进行重新安排和设计,使其向着高效、健康和合理的方向发展.     

国家治理的有效性与合法性——对周雪光、冯仕政二文的再思考

任何国家治理都必须解决治理的有效性与治理的合法性问题,周雪光的文章指出了国家治理的有效性困境,冯仕政的文章指出了国家治理的合法性困境。本文试图从有效性与合法性的关系去解读当下国家治理的逻辑和问题。     

Study on Medium- and Long-Term Fiscal Policies to Cope with Climate Change under the “Dual Carbon” Goals

Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality constitute an extensive, profound and systemic economic and social change. It is worthwhile to explore how fiscal policy, as a key institutional arrangement in the public policy system to cope with climate change, can play a fundamental and pillar role. Based on literatures, theories and empirical materials, this paper systematically explores the relationship between climate change and public finance. The fiscal impact of climate change will eventually be reflected in fiscal behavior, fiscal costs and fiscal relations, and the fiscal system has the adaptability of an “automatic stabilizer” and the proactiveness to enable the Discretionary Approaches function when facing climate change impacts. This implies such a governance logic of fiscal policy that is systematic, forward-looking and flexible in addressing climate change. In the future, it is necessary to further incorporate climate change or related environmental factors into the fiscal policy framework, target the two key aspects of mitigation and adaptation, and carry out a holistic, systematic and forward-looking reform of the existing fiscal expenditure policy, fiscal revenue policy, fiscal investment and financing policy, government budget system, government procurement policy and ecological compensation policy. While highlighting the “governance” function of fiscal policy in addressing climate change, Chinese government needs to strengthen the coordination and collaboration between fiscal policy tools and other public policies, and magnify the governance effectiveness of fiscal policy in the process of addressing climate change. This paper helps understand the positioning, role and influence of fiscal policy in the process of addressing climate change, provides a basis for better playing the fundamental and underpinning role of the modern fiscal system in the governance of ecological civilization, and presents an analytical framework for building a theoretical system of ecological fiscal governance.     

Neoliberal and neostructuralist perspectives on labour flexibility,poverty and inequality: A critical appraisal

Numerous recent reports by non-governmental organisations (NGOs), academics and international organisations have focused on so-called ‘climate refugees’. This article examines the turn from a discourse of ‘climate refugees’, in which organisations perceive migration as a failure of both mitigation and adaptation to climate change, to one of ‘climate migration’, in which organisations promote migration as a strategy of adaptation. Its focus is the promotion of climate migration management, and it explores the trend of these discourses through two sections. First, it provides an empirical account of the two discourses, emphasising the differentiation between them. It then focuses on the discourse of climate migration, its origins, extent and content, and the associated practices of ‘migration management’. The second part argues that the turn to the promotion of ‘climate migration’ should be understood as a way to manage the insecurity created by climate change. However, international organisations enacts this management within the forms of neoliberal capitalism, including the framework of governance. Therefore, the promotion of ‘climate migration’ as a strategy of adaptation to climate change is located within the tendencies of neoliberalism and the reconfiguration of southern states' sovereignty through governance.     

气候变化视野中的自愿环境协议

气候变化问题的综合性和广泛性决定整个社会每一分子都直接或间接地对气候变化有不可分割的作用。传统环境治理思想过多地将环境管理和提高义务置于诸如政府、环保团体等公共利益卫道士之手,单纯依靠公共利益团体的力量在气候变化背景下已不足以形成有效的社会约束机制,许多高瞻远瞩的企业已意识到自身环境责任与社会形象的重要性,通过自我约束行为为缓解气候变化添砖加瓦,自愿环境协议为此提供了制度平台。国际上早已有将自愿环境协议作为气候变化应对战略的一项重要措施的实践,我国的相关试点工作也已悄然铺开。因此,如何正视自愿环境协议的柔性治理功能,以及如何促进其在我国气候变化应对机制中发挥正面作用,成为我国环境治理面临的新问题。     

Multi-level Governance and Global Climate Change in East Asia

Climate change is an issue that requires integrated action at multiple levels of government and within the spheres of politics, economics, and society. National, regional, and local governments have both distinct and complementary roles in developing climate mitigation and adaptation strategies. Compared with the attention that has been given to international and national activities in East Asia, relatively limited attention has been paid to the role of urban and regional governments in combating global climate change. Cities and provinces are initiating their own climate action plans, positioning themselves as environmental model cities, and joining local, national, and international networks for climate change. This article examines urban and prefectural climate policies in China, Japan, and South Korea within a multilevel governance framework.     

Understanding Resilience in Climate Change and Conflict Affected Regions of Nepal

In the face of global climate change, strengthening community resilience becomes increasingly important, especially in conflict affected countries with fragile governance. Nepal is such a country, recovering from a decade of civil war while facing several climate and environmental risks, including floods, droughts and landslides. We aim to contribute to the understanding of resilience building by drawing on case studies from Banke, Dang and Rolpa districts in Nepal. To compare the resilience of the districts we conduct field research. None of the analysed approaches to strengthen the resilience are without unintended consequences. The provision of rice in Rolpa increases food security but also creates local preferences for rice that cannot be met sustainably. In Dang and Banke aid resources themselves have become a source of conflict. We conclude that a more holistic understanding of local realities is needed to minimise unintended effects and strengthen resilience under challenging governance and (post)conflict conditions.     

The state-augmenting effects of globalisation

Recent debates have drawn attention to the legitimacy challenges faced by new forms of global governance. Privatised governance in particular has come under considerable scrutiny. This paper attempts to contribute to this debate through an analysis of the widespread critiques of climate governance that focus on its ‘marketized’ or ‘privatized’ character. Such critiques fundamentally attempt to delegitimise dominant governance mechanisms which can be collectively known as the ‘global carbon market’. The paper argues that to understand the political dynamics of legitimacy surrounding these forms of governance we need to take into account the recurrent tension within capitalism between accumulation and legitimation. This focus enables us to understand the legitimacy problems surrounding climate governance. First, it draws attention to the character of the discourses which are critical of marketized climate governance, which attack it precisely because of the forms of accumulation it enables. Second, many of these governance projects have themselves been developed in part precisely in order to overcome legitimacy crises inherent in capital accumulation, and specifically in the current context in relation to the dominance of finance within contemporary capitalism. Finally, it suggests that one of the strategies of firms involved in such governance is to attempt to overcome this legitimacy-accumulation tension in the way that automobility did in the Fordist era. Climate governance practices should be understood as a pursuit of this sort of coherence which might give rise to an ‘ecological regime of accumulation’ that aims to forestall more radical critiques that argue that capitalism and sustainability are inimical.     

Clean Energy Trade Governance: Reconciling Trade Liberalism and Climate Interventionism?

Scaling-up clean energy is vital to global efforts to address climate change. Promoting international trade in clean energy products (e.g. wind turbines, solar panels) can make an important contribution to this end through business and market expansion effects. If ratified, the landmark Paris COP21 Agreement will commit states to firmer climate actions, this necessarily requiring them to strengthen their promotion of clean energy technologies. Well over a hundred countries already have active policies in this area, many including industrial policy measures that impact on the international competitiveness of their clean energy sector. At the same time, governments have gradually liberalised their clean energy trade regimes, and large producers are negotiating an Environmental Goods Agreement (EGA). Clean energy trade is expanding and disputes among nations in this sector are growing. The World Trade Organisation (WTO) still has limited ‘policy space’ for climate action. Meanwhile, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) still had narrow and infrequent connections with trade matters. Moreover, WTO-UNFCCC engagement on trade-climate issues overall has been largely confined to information sharing and secretariat-level dialogue. This paper explores the extent to which clean energy trade is currently governed, where certain governance gaps and deficiencies exists, and argues why addressing them could help expand trade in clean energy products. It also contends that the most fundamental challenge for the future governance of clean energy trade concerns how to reconcile ramped-up interventionist climate action with an essentially liberal trade order.     

Firepower: Geopolitical Cultures in the Anthropocene

ABSTRACT

The human control of fire is a relatively neglected part of the discussion of the contemporary transformation of the planet. Thinking about it in terms of geopolitics is a way to link climate adaptation, extinction and the possibilities of extending traditional analyses of political ecology to the global scale. Such thinking is explicitly rejected as the appropriate premises for foreign policy action by the Trump administration which poses American greatness in terms of traditional understandings of firepower. This clash of geopolitical cultures is now key to global politics, where dramatic landscape transformation, related species extinctions as well as climate change results directly and indirectly from human control of combustion. Firepower is a matter of military technology as well as, in the form of fossil fuel combustion, the essential energy source that fuels the global economy. Focusing on combustion as a key geophysical force in contemporary geopolitics offers useful insights into the Anthropocene discussion and, in particular, the two planetary boundaries of climate change and biodiversity loss, which are key to contemporary efforts at global environmental governance.     

The Incredible Economics of Geoengineering

The focus of climate policy so far has been on reducing the accumulation of greenhouse gases. That approach, however, requires broad international cooperation and, being expensive, has been hindered by free riding; so far, little action has been taken. An alternative approach is to counteract climate change by reducing the amount of solar radiation that strikes the Earth—“geoengineering.” In contrast to emission reductions, this approach is inexpensive and can be undertaken by a single country, unilaterally. But geoengineering also has worrying consequences: it may harm some countries; it would not address ocean acidification; it would pose new risks. The fundamental challenge posed by this new technology is not free riding but governance: who should decide if and under what circumstances geoengineering should be used?