Challenges for policy of network oriented society a Japanese view

Social impacts of digital information networks are described in terms of convergence of service modes, integration of socioeconomic activities, change in industrial structure, strengthening social infrastructure and enrichment of culture, with some reference to specific Japanese situations. Emphasis is placed on such issues as reorganization of regulatory measures, interoperability of systems and services, communities of interest, privacy and security, freedom of information, information resource development, software production, shift of workforce, societal receptivity, preservation and creation of culture, and lowering of language barriers.     

招投标监管行为分析

监管者、被监管者、项目本身、经济、政治、法律环境等构成监管过程的主要影响因素。监管主体作用于客体之上的效果与监管手段的丰富化、监管工作的常态化、监管的频度与频率、监管机构的隶属度、监管体制的统一性、监管绩效评估考核机制的完备性、监管工作的可追溯性密切相关。在监管要素组合中,监管者与法律环境因素起着主导作用。     

Micro-meso-macro

Building on the ontology of evolutionary realism recently proposed by Dopfer and Potts (forthcoming), we develop an analytical framework for evolutionary economics with a micro-meso-macro architecture. The motive for reconception is to make clear the highly complex and emergent nature of existence and change in economic evolution. For us, the central insight is that an economic system is a population of rules, a structure of rules, and a process of rules. The economic system is a rule-system contained in what we call the meso. From the evolutionary perspective, one cannot directly sum micro into macro. Instead, we conceive of an economic system as a set of meso units, where each meso consists of a rule and its population of actualizations. The proper analytical structure of evolutionary economics is in terms of micro-meso-macro. Micro refers to the individual carriers of rules and the systems they organize, and macro consists of the population structure of systems of meso. Micro structure is between the elements of the meso, and macro structure is between meso elements. The upshot is an ontologically coherent framework for analysis of economic evolution as change in the meso domain - in the form of what we call a meso trajectory - and a way of understanding the micro-processes and macro-consequences involved. We believe that the micro-meso-macro analytical framework can greatly enhance the focus, clarity, and, ultimately, power, of evolutionary economic theory.JEL Classification: B0, C0, D0, E0, O0, P0Kurt Dopfer, John Foster, Jason Potts: We acknowledge to those who have discussed these ideas with us at the Schumpeter Society Conference, Gainesville US 2002; ECG seminars, UQ Economics, Brisbane (also students of ECON7900); Doctoral seminars at University of St. Gallen 2002, 2003; Wartensee Workshops on Evolutionary Economics 2001, 2002, 2003; the MPI in Evolutionary Economics, Jena; SPRU, University of Sussex, Brighton; and the Brisbane Club Workshop, Manchester 2002. Our many discussants have helped us see our way through the muddled (and sometimes seriously muddled) thinking that had happened along the way, and especially when it was our own. So the usual disclaimer shall apply, although perhaps with unusual force. Special thanks also to G. Blind and K. Morrison.Correspondence to: Jason PottsDare we suggest a new category in the JEL classification - (S0) Meso Economics: General.     

The shading and distancing of commerce: When internalization is not enough

A political economy of degradation and of sustainability should account not only for the full range of production costs but the sources of those costs. It should consider how the pursuit of wealth can, deliberately or not, lead to uncounted costs and unaccountable actors. This article explores the conditions of cost generation and externalization, especially those that are largely unintended and inadvertent. It shows how the pursuit of wealth, the expansion of markets, the mobility of capital, and the entanglements of production processes can lead to the unwitting generation and displacement of costs. It analyzes competitive business strategy and patterns of production and consumption for their contribution to such costs. Business strategy and state policy tend to create a never-ending search for frontiers, however simulated and however unecological they may be. The costs generated in those frontiers are a function of shading, that is, obscuring of costs, and distancing, the separation of production and consumption decisions, both of which impede ecological and social feedback and create cognitive, institutional, and ethical lags between initial benefits and eventual full costs. As distance increases along dimensions of geography, culture, bargaining power, or agency, negative feedback loops are severed, stakeholders expand while decision making contracts, environmental problems are displaced, and shading and cost externalization increase. The likelihood of sustainable resource use increases as distance is lowered, as institutions locate decision authority in those who receive negative ecological feedback and who have the capacity and incentives to act on that feedback, and as the burden of proof for economic interventions shifts to the interveners.     

市场经济下铁路企业物资管理探讨

物资管理是一门科学,它需要专业化的管理。为此,铁路企业的做法是:建立企业内部物资管理人才中心,不断根据形势的发展需要进行培训,提高人才的专业素质,强化责任意识。加强物资计划管理,努力降低物资供应成本,健全规章制度,明晰岗位责任。实施激励和奖惩机制,再造物资管理流程,强化供应链的管理,提高物流效率。实现了物资采购、储存、供应、使用、结算相互监督,相互管控的管理模式,避免了徇私舞弊现象,改进了服务质量。对铁路企业管理的创新,优化起到了事半功倍的作用,为铁路企业管理规范化、科学化和现代化建设奠定了坚实的基础。     

Political Economy of Systemic and Micro-Corruption Throughout the World

The purpose of this paper is to apply some of the core general principles of heterodox political economy — especially with an institutional and evolutionary emphasis — to the topic of corruption as a global, regional, and national phenomenon. I start with the principle of historical specificity, where the known history of corruption processes and concepts are examined. I follow the evolution of the corruption discourse, starting with the classical scholars of ancient Greece and numerous others, who had a systemic view of the matter. I proceed through the micro-views of Roman law, to Adam Smith and others who took an individualist view of corruption, and onto the reemergence of the corruption discourse in the period between the 1970s and the 2010s. In the process, I investigate the micro-perspective, but increasingly center on the "modern classical works" on systemic corruption. Then, I present the basics of a modern institutional and evolutionary perspective on corruption through the principle of contradiction, which defines corruption as the promotion of vested interests against the common good in the form of bribery, fraud, embezzlement, state capture, nepotism, extortion, and others. Social dominance theory is applied to corruption vis-à-vis dominant and subordinate groups, and the styles of corruption activated by elites are surveyed as they gain resources, favors, and economic surplus against the interests of "common people." Finally, I scrutinize the principle of uneven development, paying special attention to four main stylized facts about corruption throughout the world in relation to (i) development patterns, (ii) corporate corruption, (iii) key sectors/nations, and (iv) inequality. Throughout the paper, I outline ways to reduce corruption and modify the structure of power to benefit the common good, socioeconomic performance, and the functioning of institutions.     

共享创新模式:内涵、特征与模型构建

共享创新模式是共享经济下集中群体智慧、共享创新资源的创新模式。该模式具有开放性与民主性、可复制性与海量性、分享与产权多元化、收益与价值多样性、社区与边界模糊性、低风险与高互动性、低成本与高效率性等复杂特征。因其由个人、企业、正式组织和非正式组织等分别构成的创新需求方、供给方、基于互联网的共享平台及第三方参与机构构成,可有效克服传统封闭创新模式下资源约束的弊端,是一种在分享式创新模式基础上发展起来的多向、互利的新型开放式创新模式。     

生态经济视角下的发展悖论探析

发展是一个不断前进、上升的运动过程,正是在这个过程中实现了人本身、社会财富与福利、制度和文化的进步,但由于各种不确定性、认识与手段(技术)的缺陷、决策或行为的失误等原因造成发展结果对目的的偏离,出现了发展的悖论。它充斥于认识、目的、手段、过程和结果等发展的各个环节。生态问题是人类发展悖论的一个表现,传统的发展观和技术手段导致生态破坏和环境污染的加剧;生态保护本身也是一个悖论,特别是在落后的边缘地更是具有明显的悖论色彩。     

Why rationality may be a consequence of Hume's theory of choice

Facing R. Sugden's criticism of our interpretation, it is shown in this paper that rationality appears as a possible consequence of Hume's theory of choice. We first argue that Sugden's dismissal of the preference relation from the type of rationality through which Hume's theory is apprehended, is highly disputable, from the point of view of both standard choice theory and Hume's theory of passions. Nonetheless, Sugden's criterion of rationality might be restated in Humean terms as a condition of non-revision of preferences in the dynamics of passions. But, since the process of choice that we have described explicitly takes into account the revision of preferences, and shows that, when this last is no longer required, rationality occurs as an outcome of this process, it is not really concerned by Sugden's criticism.     

资源型城市转型:重生、困境与路径

在我国,资源型城市的转型发展既要面对资源枯竭的困境,又背负着庞大的经济、社会、人口、环境等负担.资源型城市转型具有紧迫性,面临严峻挑战,包括经济结构单一、产业结构不协调、市场化程度不高、城市生态环境恶化、城市规划不科学、城市基础设施建设滞后等.因此,在科学发展观的指导下,资源型城市必须以转变经济结构为契机,从城市产业结构转型、城市功能定位转型、城市生态环境转型、城市形态网络转型、城市要素集聚转型、城市基础设施建设转型等层面进行路径探索,以实现资源型城市的可持续发展.