浅析信息技术对组织的影响

信息作为企业发展的重要资源之一,受到的重视程度也愈来愈强烈。因此信息技术是企业竞争力的重要手段,但是很多企业实施信息技术却走向了失败。本文将从信息技术对企业影响角度出发描述信息技术和组织变革的之间关系,以引起信息技术实施者的关注即不要过度着眼于于信息技术本身,而要从组织的角度出发,提高管理,恰如其分的利用组织变革,这样才能真正的在使用信息技术的同时增加企业信息化的成功率。     

信息技术解决组织的两类共性问题

信息技术的发展和应用改造了传统的组织管理理论，同时经济发展提出了管理信息化与组织变革的要求。提出组织中存在两种深层次共性问题：客观-技术问题与主观-代理问题，对这两种问题的解决影响着组织绩效的改善。探讨了信息技术解决这两类共性问题的途径。     

谈信息技术对组织变革的冲击与支持

知识经济时代,信息技术的飞速发展使企业的竞争环境发生了巨大变化,从而不断推动着组织变革,企业应不断地提升管理理念以适应新的竞争环境。     

信息技术与企业组织创新

不断变化的环境和条件将对企业的组织模式提出新的要求。信息技术给未来的经济发展提供了有力的技术支持,并在各个层面上对企业组织的变革以及现代组织创新方向产生了巨大的影响,这一影响还将延伸到未来的组织创新活动中。     

信息技术对组织结构的影响

从战略、规模、环境和技术等四个方面对信息技术对组织结构的影响进行了分析，总结了在信息技术下组织结构演变的主要结构和模式。     

虚拟组织与区域创新

本试图从理论上说明虚拟组织这种企业群的最新组织和管理模式，可以在区域创新中发挥作用。章分析了虚拟组织的特征，并把它和区域创新的理论基石作了概略的比较分析，结果发现二在理念上谋不而合，故而，本认为，虚拟组织应该在区域创新中发挥重要作用。     

认识虚拟组织

随着信息技术的发展、竞争的加剧和全球化市场的形成,没有一家企业可以单枪匹马地面对全球竞争。因此,由常规组织过渡到虚拟组织是必然的。本文探讨了什么是虚拟组织以及虚拟组织的特征。     

互联网络下的业务外包与虚拟组织

互联网是产生虚拟组织的技术环境。业务外包的网络化结构是虚拟组织,虚拟组织是扩张外包网络的有效手段。本文分析了业务外包与虚拟组织的不同点,分析了发达国家虚拟组织的各种类型及其作用、虚拟组织的发展前景与动因,认为虚拟组织是21世纪最有弹性的企业组织结构,并提出了发展我国虚拟组织的相应措施。     

信息技术对组织的影响研究

对信息技术影响的研究包括个体、群体、组织、行业和国家层面.随着组织在信息技术上投资的增加,信息技术对组织的影响越来越受关注.在组织层面上,信息技术对生产效率、组织绩效、组织结构及其他方面产生重要影响.在未来的研究中,应更多地关注对信息技术的管理,提高组织信息技术治理的成熟度和组织的投资效果,关注相关互补因素对信息技术投资效果的影响,如组织和管理的实践、治理政策、人力资本投资等,以全面系统分析信息技术对组织的影响,推进我国企业信息化进程.     

论信息技术在业务流程重组中的作用

企业业务流程重组的目的在于寻求企业业务流程的重新组合和优化.在企业业务流程重组中,信息技术起着重要作用.然而,信息技术究竟可以有什么作用、哪些信息技术以及它们的具体作用却并不十分清楚.本文论述了几类典型的信息技术在企业业务流程重组中的具体作用,旨在为企业业务流程重组中利用信息技术提供一些理论依据.     

论组织结构变革的必要性及障碍分析

传统的组织结构只在目标明确、稳定的情况下是高效的,而在目标变动的情况下效能则会降低。由于现代市场变化速度较快,以往企业所面临的稳定的环境正逐步消失。信息时代企业面临的环境发生了巨大的变化,组织结构变革中可能遇到一些障碍,因此相应企业必须变革其组织,以适应新时代的形势。     

基于四层次结构的组织文化与变革关系的实证分析

在组织文化四层次结构———理念、制度、个性和背景层面的基础上,通过建立理论模型,用协方差结构模型的实证方法研究并验证了理念和制度层面的文化反映了组织文化的共性特征,表现出一定的稳定性和连续性要求,因而对维持现有的组织文化起着一定的促进作用,而对组织的变革则起着一定的阻碍作用。在优化模型的基础上进行分析和评价,得出了具有审慎普适性的研究结论。     

信息化进程中的组织变革与IT治理

信息技术对组织的技术性嵌入,改变了组织的内部与外部环境,若要使组织的信息化取得预期的效果,组织的变革是必需的。传统的理论认为,这种变革必然导致组织架构的扁平化、分散化及柔性化。但是在实践中发现,事实并非一定如此,由于监管的困难及委托代理问题的存在,信息化有可能因为人为的因素而导致组织的层级结构得到加强。这就需要组织实施有效的IT治理,使组织变革朝有利于组织发展的方向进行。     

企业员工对组织变革的反应模型分析

企业在日常运作过程中不可避免地要经历一些组织变革,员工在对待组织变革时通常会有认知、情感和行为等三个层面的反应,每种反应又都有可能是积极的、中立的、消极的,或者是兼而有之的复合的反应。企业在实施组织变革时应当考虑员工对变革做出反应的进程,充分考虑影响该过程的因素,从而引导员工做出有利于变革的反应,促进组织变革的成功实施。     

信息时代组织协调新特点研究

今天所发生的信息技术革命,不是由生产的变化驱动的,而是由协调的变化驱动的。所以必须分析和了解集中化与分权化的矛盾、信息技术对组织结构的影响、不同环境对协调的影响、组织协调的阻碍因素、规范价值和组织文化的协调、从上级协调到团队协调的特点。     

组织模块化及其挑战:组织形态演进的思考

本文基于现有研究,分析了组织形态从家庭作坊到工厂组织,再到公司制组织,并最终进化为模块化组织的演进历程,认为资本增值性、技术进步、市场因素(需求、贸易、竞争)、交易费用和新经济元素(信息技术、互联网络、知识资本)等因素影响并推进着组织形态变迁,并最终催生了模块化组织。其中,技术进步是组织形态向模块化组织演进的关键动因。技术模块化引起的价值链解构、竞合机制的形成、顾客直接参与价值分配是模块化组织价值释放效应的表现,这将使以交易费用为理论基石的传统企业组织理论受到挑战。     

The Positive Ethical Organization: Enacting a Living Code of Ethics and Ethical Organizational Identity

A vision of a living code of ethics is proposed to counter the emphasis on negative phenomena in the study of organizational ethics. The living code results from the harmonious interaction of authentic leadership, five key organizational processes (attraction–selection–attrition, socialization, reward systems, decision-making and organizational learning), and an ethical organizational culture (characterized by heightened levels of ethical awareness and a positive climate regarding ethics). The living code is the cognitive, affective, and behavioral manifestation of an ethical organizational identity. We draw on business ethics literature, positive organizational scholarship, and management literature to outline the elements of positive ethical organizations as those exemplary organizations consistently practicing the highest levels of organizational ethics. In a positive ethical organization, the right thing to do is the only thing to do. Amy Klemm Verbos is a Ph.D. candidate at the Sheldon B. Lubar School of Business, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, where she received a Chancellor’s Fellowship, Graduate Fellowship, Dissertation Fellowship, and C. Edward Weber Research Award. She co-authored ‚Positive Relationships in Action: Relational Mentoring and Mentoring Schemas in the Workplace’ in the forthcoming edited book, Positive Relationships at Work. Her work on positive organizing also has been presented at the Academy of Management Conference. Joseph A. Gerard is a Ph.D. student at the Sheldon B. Lubar School of Business at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. He is a lecturer at the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater teaching organizational behavior, strategy, and accounting. He is a founding member of Ascent Organization Development LLC, which provides management consulting services to for-profit organizations in the areas of effectiveness and performance enhancement. Paul R. Forshey is a Ph.D. student in Organizations and Strategic Management at the Sheldon B. Lubar School of Business, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. His research interests include startup firms and firms in transition. Charles S. Harding is a Ph.D. student in Organizations and Strategic Management at the Sheldon B. Lubar School of Business at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Awarded a Chancellor’s Fellowship, his research interests include strategic decision-making and the role of value creation in strategy. Janice S. Miller is an Associate Professor at the Sheldon B. Lubar School of Business at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee where she has received the Business Advisory Council Award for Teaching Excellence. Her published work has appeared in Academy of Management Journal, Journal of Organizational Behavior, and Journal of Business Ethics among others. She received her Ph.D. in Human Resources Management from Arizona State University.     

Logistics Information System Evaluation: Assessing External Technology Integration and Supporting Organizational Learning

Firms often outsource the development and acquisition of logistics information systems (LIS) needed to improve logistics processes. Managers tasked with such outsourcing decisions often struggle to understand and balance the external technology's impact on existing logistics processes, individual stakeholders, firm strategies, and the financial and operational performance of the firm. Unfortunately, research is limited on (1) methods for evaluating the performance capabilities of systems from external sources prior to full implementation, and (2) the impact of external technology integration (ETI) on organizational behavior and learning related to a firm's logistics processes. Through the lens of organizational learning (OL) theory, this research uses a case study approach to examine the transportation division of a major U.S.‐based fuel retailer to gain insights on the management control of ETI efforts. The study builds theory to fill important literature gaps then develops a conceptual framework and supporting propositions to inform future research on logistics ETI. The findings highlight important OL implications for firms involved in ETI efforts and also provide a practically relevant management control tool that can be used by logistics practitioners.     

虚拟企业的组织本质解释

虚拟企业作为一种新型的组织形式 ,目前 ,国内外许多的经济学家、管理学家已对其进行了多方面的研究 ,如虚拟企业的产生、定义、特点、优势等 ,但是 ,并未曾涉及虚拟企业的组织本质。采用“交易费用”理论来解释虚拟企业的产生、存在的原因 ,进而揭露其组织本质———企业间的矩阵结构。     

The preparedness of critical success factors of IT service management and its effect on performance

Recently, information technology service management (ITSM) has emerged as a challenging research area. ITSM implementation often involves huge investment with unexpected risks. Therefore, understanding the preparedness of critical success factors (CSFs) and its effect on the organizational performance can help in not only reducing the risks but in also providing helpful guidance for enterprises. This empirical study explores the preparedness of ITSM-relevant CSFs and its effect on the organizational performance. The findings show that (1) the more important a CSF is, the more prepared the CSF is; (2) the organizational performance is mostly beneficial from customer and internal business process perspectives; and (3) only a few CSFs can significantly affect the organizational performance. Finally, the implications based on the findings are given for the management of ITSM implementation.