基于条件价值法的红树林生态旅游资源价值评估——以湛江特呈岛红树林为例

基于对湛江市区居民的问卷调查,采用条件价值评估法对湛江特呈岛红树林生态旅游资源价值进行了定量评估,并利用相关性分析对影响支付意愿的因素进行了研究。研究结果表明,湛江市民对特呈岛红树林的认知程度普遍较高,生态旅游资源的支付意愿为43.59元/年/人,基于湛江市和广东省范围内总人口基数的特呈岛红树林生态旅游资源价值分别为3.14亿元和46.75亿元。红树林景区的旅游经历、受教育程度及收入水平与支付意愿之间具有较高相关性,是影响公众支付意愿的关键性因素。     

业界动态

正海南首个红树林湿地保护公园正式开放8月23日,位于澄迈的海南首个红树林湿地保护公园正式向公众开放,富力红树湾以"红树秘境筑梦海南"为主题召开盛大新闻发布会。湿地公园依托2200亩红树林珍稀生态区域,以生态和谐为主题,适度结合旅游、科普等公共活动,保护和恢复湿地生态系统,形成一个集科普、环保、旅游、观光、度假于一体的4A级生态休闲景区。据     

浅谈加强资源环境审计的几点思考

一、资源环境审计存在的问题（一）对资源环境审计重要性认识不足。一方面表现在资源环境审计的社会认同度还远远不够。由于经济增长与环境保护是并列存在。都很重要．但矛盾不可避免将长期存在．一些地方政府为了追求经济利益,就先发展后治理．环保工作让道经济工作。     

汕头湿地:中国首个联合国环境署湿地国际示范区

汕头是红树林的故乡,目前已探明拥有大量珍贵的天然红树林,同时拥有适宜红树林生长的湿地资源,为广东省内面积最大、保存最完整的湿     

城市湿地可持续利用的经济学分析

随着我国经济的发展,城市化水平的提高,人们深刻认识到:合理、科学利用城市湿地,改善人居环境,优化自然生态,实现社会经济可持续发展,已成为我国城市化进程中的重要环节.从经济学角度分析了城市居民对城市湿地的需求、城市湿地的供给以及城市湿地开发、利用带来的成本和收益.产权、公共财产资源、公共品和外部成本是分析、认识城市湿地可持续利用的关键因素.     

关于城市湿地环境保护措施的几点研究

随着城市化进程加快,城市湿地保护问题日益突出.城市湿地是存在于城市区域之内的湿地,其生态服务功能与乡野湿地有着明显不同.受人为活动干扰强烈,中国城市湿地存在面积缩小、功能退化、污染严重,特别是富营养化现象突出.而由于长期对城市湿地研究薄弱,对湿地功能与价值认识存在偏差,以及城市湿地保护较高的机会成本,使得中国城市湿地保护面临诸多困难.所以城市中的湿地保护显得更为重要,本文首先分析了城市化对湿地环境产生的影响,进而探讨了相关的保护措施.     

基于能值理论的人工湿地污水处理系统使用价值评估方法研究

人工湿地污水处理公私合营项目在移交阶段需要对项目进行全面的价值评估,保证社会效益最大化。本文以能值理论为基础,构建运行效率、资源结构、功能稳定和环境安全四维评价指标体系,构建人工湿地污水处理系统静态、动态评价模型,为该类生态系统的使用价值提供了科学的评估方法。     

城乡居民对环境问题的认知与行动差异——基于CSS2013数据分析

基于CSS2013年的数据,本文就城乡居民对环境问题的认知与行动的特征和差异,在环境感知、环境价值观、环保态度和反应行动四个维度上进行描述统计和差异检验分析.研究表明,居民的环境认知和行动与居住地相关,城乡居民的环境感知、环境价值观、环保态度和反应行动存在显著差异.城市居民的环境问题感知更强烈,危机意识更强;相比经济价值,乡村居民更倾向于认为环境价值处在一个相对次要的位置,政府承担主要环保责任,在环境价值上追求集体创造;城乡居民在关注环境问题的自觉上存在态度差别,城市居民主动了解环境问题的时间机会成本较低,而乡村居民主动了解环境问题的媒介受限;居民对政府的公众环保意见采纳工作满意度不高,城市居民在环保支出上更愿意与政府作适当的分担;乡村居民对破坏环境的行为的辨别力偏低,在反对环境破坏的行动中反应偏迟钝.     

洮儿河、归流河两河流域湿地生态环境动态监测与研究

对洮儿河、归流河流域湿地保护现状进行了全面的描述和分析,在此基础上指出了洮儿河、归流河湿地在环境与资源状况,管理与资源合理利用等方面存在的问题,针对这些问题,探索和讨论了洮儿河、归流河湿地生态环境监测指标。     

科技创新与新型城市化互馈关系研究进展

经济增长的驱动力可以划分为要素驱动、投资驱动、财富驱动以及创新驱动。城市化过程的驱动机制是推动城市化发生和发展必需动力的产生机制以及维持和改善这种作用机理的各种经济关系、组织制度等所构成的综合系统的总和。本文在分析技术创新的内涵、技术创新水平测度及技术创新绩效评估的基础上,论述了在新型城市化过程中,存在着与技术创新的互馈机制。分析了技术创新在城市化过程中的作用,并归纳了相关的经验模型。目前研究中技术创新与城市化的互馈机制及模型研究以及城市化过程中科技创新对资源环境的束缚效应的缓解作用研究深度不够。从目前的仿真模拟来讲,基于系统动力学的SD模拟较多、以时间维度的研究较多。下一步应在GIS与CA模型以及SD模型结合起来,实现在区域空间上研究技术创新对资源环境效应的深入研究。     

Greening Displacements,Displacing Green: Environmental Subjectivity,Slum Clearance,and the Embodied Political Ecologies of Dispossession in Mumbai

In Indian cities, informal ‘slum’ settlements have long been targeted for removal as an environmental improvement strategy, despite their relatively low impact. Slum clearance has escalated with the combination of speculative development and environmental change, creating uneven precarity throughout Mumbai's neighborhoods. State agents play a direct role in slum evictions, but they do not act unilaterally. Diverse lower‐income and middle‐class residents seeking better living conditions have sometimes converged in their embrace of slum clearances and resettlements that advance elite development interests. In other moments, the dispossessing effects of market‐based and elite‐biased slum rehabilitation have fomented contestation. This article analyzes how differently situated groups emerge as ‘environmental subjects’ that embrace or contest improvement projects. It suggests three dimensions of subject formation: governing logics and discourses of urban environmental improvement, the territorial politics of informality, and differentiated embodied experiences of precarity and dispossession. Environmental subject formation is explored through two interventions that entail slum clearance—mangrove and green space conservation and an urban transport infrastructure project. Findings suggest that the connection between displacement and improvement cannot be explained through theories of environmental gentrification but require attention to the simultaneously inclusive and dispossessing regimes of postcolonial development.     

Environmental Management Systems and Local Community Perceptions: the Case of Petrochemical Complexes Located in Ports

Most oil refineries and factories producing basic chemical products are located in port areas, with the result that industrial complexes potentially have a strong environmental impact on their area of influence. These externalities result in a loss of welfare for citizens residing in neighbouring areas. In a context of sustainable development, companies must integrate concerns about the natural environment in their business strategy. External stakeholders, as residents, find it difficult to visualize the actions firms take to reduce their environmental impact, and the adoption of voluntary certified environmental management systems (EMSs) acts as a signal indicating the adequate environmental behaviour of these companies. These certifications enable companies to achieve the social legitimacy they need for long‐term survival and competitiveness. In the context of a petrochemical industrial complex located in the port of Castellón (Spain), this paper primarily discusses whether such certifications – which act as signals of firms’ desirable environmental conduct – translate into higher trust in firms and lower risk perception by residents. Contrary to what might be expected, despite the widespread use by companies of voluntary and certified EMSs, the research findings confirm a relatively high citizen perception of risk regarding the industrial complex and a low trust in companies. On the other hand, the findings also show a low trust in the public institutions responsible for authorizing and monitoring firms’ activities and for enforcing possible sanctions in non‐compliance cases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

城市居民对城市满意度研究——以北京、济南为例

为深入了解不同城市地区居民生活满意度的侧重层面,从而为城市规划和发展提供依据和注意事项。现将北京、济南作为调查对象。通过问卷调查法,对两地城市居民进行生活满意度调查。调查内容包括:总城市生活满意度、家庭收入与支出、住房与生态环境、公共设施与交通、社会保障与就业以及社会治安与公平等方面。北京、济南地区表现出不同的社会发展需求,这些需求将会是两地城市发展过程中有待解决的问题与提高的重点。     

‘Eco’ For Whom? Envisioning Eco‐urbanism in the Sino‐Singapore Tianjin Eco‐city,China

Eco‐cities have attracted international attention from governments, corporations, academics and other actors seeking to use sustainable urban planning to reduce urban environmental impacts. China has devoted significant political will and economic resources to the development of new‐build eco‐city projects, reflecting the Chinese government's goals to build a ‘harmonious society' in which environmental sustainability and social stability are mutually reinforcing. We critically analyse the case of the Sino‐Singapore Tianjin eco‐city to demonstrate that the eco‐city's ecologically modernizing visions of eco‐urbanism construct a protective environment for its residents that constrains broader consideration of social sustainability. Through analysis of the marketing and presentation of specific domestic and other spaces of the eco‐city, we examine the application of ecologically modernizing construction and technology to the design of the city. We argue that the eco‐city is discursively constructed as ecologically beneficial for its inhabitants rather than for the broader socio‐environmental landscape. Our analysis of residential spaces in Tianjin eco‐city introduces the question of what ‘eco’ means when considering the construction of eco‐urban environments for the city's residents.     

Contesting Sustainability: ‘SMART Growth’ and the Redevelopment of Austin's Eastside

The compatibility between an agenda for sustainable urban development and the neoliberal economic restructuring of urban space has been observed within cities in developed countries across the globe. From providing economic support to local ‘green’ industries to creating bike lanes, municipalities develop sustainability strategies that are designed to boost their competitive advantage. Moreover, municipalities are responding to demands from popular social movements and national governments that seek to reconfigure societal relationships with the natural environment in cities. Cities are increasingly understood not as part of the ecological crisis but as part of the solution, or as places where alternative patterns of sustainable consumption and new socially and ecologically responsible industries can be developed. Over the last decade in Austin, environmental sustainability has become an uncontested paradigm that has progressively shaped the city's urban space and policy. Two competing conceptualizations of the environment, so‐called ‘environmental’ and ‘just’ sustainability groups, are explored in this article. I demonstrate how the notion of environmental sustainability has been selectively incorporated into the hegemonic vision of Austin's strategic growth plan. I argue that the dominance of this conceptualization is best understood by asking what counts as the ‘environment’ for environmentalists, and understanding the unstated assumptions about the environment shared by the business community and environmentalists.     

深圳湾凤塘河口红树林修复工程

由于城市化影响及人为干扰,深圳凤塘河口水质受到严重污染,河口红树林生态系统严重退化。为了使凤塘河口恢复生态平衡,深圳市福田区启动了"福田凤塘河口红树林修复示范工程"。该工程设计以"海陆交错带的生态修复"为主题,通过水污染控制系统、水动力控导及生态修复等三方面内容建设,在海陆路交错带上构建红树林—水体(含水生植被)及红树植物—半红树植物—陆生植物/植被—隔离植被带大格局。此外,本文还分析了工程前水体及红树林生态系统现状,植被恢复工程的主题、原则、整体格局及工程技术,工程后的景观效果及生态环境状况。该工程的整体设计及工程技术可为同类工程提供参考。     

Desegregation and Integration as Linked or Distinct? Evidence from a Previously ‘White’ Suburb in Post‐apartheid Cape Town

This article analyses whether the physical desegregation of a residential neighbourhood ultimately facilitates the social integration of its residents. Desegregation is measured quantitatively (i.e. using census data for a suburb in which no single race comprises more than 50% and at least one other racial group comprises 25%), and social integration is assessed qualitatively using indicators such as friendship, common local identity, sharing local facilities and involvement in local institutions. Essentially this research is concerned with whether labelling a suburb ‘desegregated’ is a superficial term that whilst implying racial mixing actually masks social segregation; and also whether assumptions that urban policies of desegregation ultimately facilitate social integration are accurate. This desegregation/integration nexus is explored by examining the lives of residents of a desegregated Cape Town neighbourhood. South Africa provides a timely context because the legacy of apartheid’s spatial and social design continues to dominate the urban scene despite policy efforts to promote both desegregation and integration.     

GIS技术在环境影响评价中的应用策略

在当今社会经济的不断发展中,人们的环保意识也实现了不断提升,而伴随着科学技术的发展,各种先进技术也开始逐渐应用到了环境保护工作中。其中,GIS技术就是一项典型的环境影响评价技术。通过该技术的应用,可以让环境资源、生态资源、土地资源、林业资源以及农业资源等领域得到良好的影响评价,以此来保障资源与环境之间的可持续发展。基于此,论文对该技术在环境影响评价中的具体应用策略进行分析,希望可以为GIS技术在环境影响评价中的合理应用以及环境影响评价效果的提升提供足够动力。     

北部湾城市群发展中的人口、资源、环境一体化问题探析

在广西北部湾经济区的发展获得国家的重点支持之后,北部湾城市群的社会经济飞速发展。但在发展过程中,这些区域的人口、资源、环境发展失衡的问题却对社会经济产生了较大的负面影响。文章认为,当地政府部门应根据城市群的性质制定有利于各城市之间的经济社会协调发展和可持续发展的措施,通过转变发展模式、训整人口规模结构、开展综合整治等方式实现人口、资源、环境一体化的协调发展。     

Fluidity,Identity, and Organizationality: The Communicative Constitution of Anonymous

This paper examines how fluid social collectives, where membership is latent, contested, or unclear, achieve ‘organizationality’, that is, how they achieve organizational identity and actorhood. Drawing on the “communicative constitution of organizations” perspective, we argue that the organizationality of a social collective is accomplished through ‘identity claims’ – i.e., speech acts that concern what the social collective is or does – and negotiations on whether or not these claims have been made on the collective's behalf. We empirically examine the case of the hacker collective Anonymous and analyse relevant identity claims to investigate two critical episodes in which the organizationality of Anonymous was contested. Our study contributes to organization studies by showing that fluid social collectives are able to temporarily reinstate organizational actorhood through the performance of carefully prepared and staged identity claims.