改善环境影响评价公众参与的对策探讨

公众参与是环境影响评价中的重要内容.针对当前在环境影响评价中公众参与形式、内容和效果,提出了公众参与存在的信息公开不足、形式范围有限及广泛性不够等问题.立足从事环境影响评价的工作经验和实际需要,从健全环境信息公开制度、扩大并完善公众参方式、加强媒体参与等方面提出了改善公众参与工作的一系列对策建议.     

公路改建项目环境影响评价中公众参与的实例研究

在安徽省205国道(新线)天长段改建项目环境影响评价中开展公众参与调查,采用问卷调查的形式对公路两侧各200m范围内的居民和单位员工进行调查。结果表明,公众对205国道(新线)天长段改建项目都很支持,对当前的环境现状比较满意,一般认为工程对环境质量的影响较小。     

土地规划中的公众参与

目前,新一轮土地规划的编制工作正在有序推进,在编制、实施和监督等具体环节中充分发挥公众参与的作用,既可以体现新一轮土地规划作为公共政策的民主化、合法化特质,又能保障新一轮土     

西方国家环境保护中的公众参与

公众参与环境保护是公众及其代表根据国家环境法律赋予的权利和义务,它兴起于西方发达国家,公众的广泛参与在西方国家的环境保护与环境改善过程中发挥了重要作用。西方国家的民主思想的传统、大力的环境宣传与环境教育以及法律的规范为公众参与环境保护提供了坚实的基础,美国、欧盟、日本、加拿大的公众参与环境保护方面表现出参与的主体的广泛性、参与方式的多样性和可行性及参与范围的深入与广泛性的特征,可供我国借鉴。     

秦皇岛雾霾治理工作中的公众参与探析

改革开放以后,随着我国的经济增长速度变快,我国的环境污染情况也在加剧,尤其是在一些拥有重工业的城市,雾霾天气出现的频率越来越高,严重影响人们的日常生活,成为人们日益关注的话题之一。我国政府在治理雾霾过程中起到了重要作用,但是环境治理、人人有责,尤其是在解决与公众日常生活紧密相关的问题时,公众参与是一项非常好的举措。本文通过简要介绍目前秦皇岛雾霾治理中公众的参与现状,进而提出公众参与过程中出现的一系列问题,并提出一些改善公众参与的具体措施。     

美国地方政府治理中的公众参与

公众的民主参与在参政议政公众的民主参与是美国地方政府最有特色的治理内容之一。笔者感到,这种特色不在于在起点上表现为官是由选民直接选举产生,也不在于在终点上表现为选民有罢免不称职官员的权利,而主要表现为,在政府治理的过程中,民众时刻在参与、关注、监督。他们采取的     

论农村发展中的公众参与

在国际发展实践中，参与在大多数情况下被当成是出席的代名词。然而，在现代发展理论中，参与作为重要的发展手段，是发展中授权、民主、良好的治理、创新、合作、分权化等的基础。参与实际上包括更广泛的内涵，如决策及选择过程中的介入、贡献与努力、承诺与能力、动力与责任、乡土知识与创新、对资源的利用与控制、能力建设、利益分享、自我组织及自立等。     

农村土地整理中公众参与机制探析

本文针对我国农业现代化建设中土地整理这个热点问题,探索了在我国建立农村土地整理的公众参与机制的重要性,分析了当前我国公众参与土地整理中存在的一系列问题,通过借鉴西方一些比较成熟的公众参与土地整理的经验,结合我国实际,提出通过建立以保护公众利益为导向的土地整理制度,成立公众参与土地整理的民间协会组织,完善土地整理法律法规和加强土地整理的相关信息的透明度等措施来完善我国公众参与土地整理机制.     

公众参与城市绿地建设初探

阐明了城市绿地建设中的"公众参与"的基本概念,以及公众参与城市绿地建设的社会基础和理论基础,归纳总结了日本与中国公众参与绿地建设的经验,指出公众参与是实施城市绿地建设民主及发展生态文明的重要举措。     

Potentialities for a regional public participation framework in Asia: An environmental assessment perspective

This study attempts to investigate the potential to develop a regional framework of public participation (PP) in environmental assessments (EA) within Asia. In so-doing, this paper examines the status quo of public participation in EA within Asia from a legislative point of view. The existing situation of EA in Asia is first examined, followed by an analysis on the status and challenges of PP within the region’s environmental assessments. Eight Asian countries subject for this research have all implemented EA at different degrees, yet challenges of enforcement remain. Possible solutions to these challenges are to first improve and standardize the legal framework and implementation mechanism in each individual country, as a first step leading to a transboundary framework in Asia. PP within EA is legally defined in some countries, but it is not widely practiced. Multi-stakeholder process is suggested as a potential tool that comprehensively covers the components necessary for PP promotion. There are information gaps between countries, which could be improved by creating a regional agency governing information exchange. Limited collaboration among countries, likewise, could be improved by bilateral or multilateral environmental agreements.     

Integrated regional impact assessment of agricultural trade and domestic environmental policies

It remains challenging to derive general findings and conclusions from either economic theory or empirical studies on the relationship between international trade and the regional environment. Consequently, we aim to analyse environmental effects of agricultural trade policies in the Austrian Marchfeld region. We apply an integrated modelling framework that accounts for heterogeneity in agricultural production and environmental outcomes. Scenario analysis is applied to assess regional impacts of different trade policy scenarios. Sensitivity analyses reveal the relative influence of model parameters on outputs. The results indicate that lower domestic tariffs have small beneficial effects on the regional environment. The regional environmental impacts highly depend on the changes in world crop prices through global trade agreements. A laissez-faire market scenario that includes the elimination of trade barriers and agri-environmental payments (AEPs) leads to substantial environmental deterioration. Hence, the alignment of AEPs with WTO trading rules remains an important issue in the trade and environment debate.     

基于MOA视角的公众参与河长制行为分析

为提高公众参与河长制行为,基于MOA理论构建公众参与河长制行为模型,分析公众参与河长制行为的影响因素及作用路径。结果表明：公众参与动机包括水资源需求、健康需求、主人翁责任感、自我实现需求,正向影响其参与行为;参与机会包括法律体系、参与机制、信息公开、物质奖励,正向影响其参与行为;参与能力包括专业知识能力、信息获取能力、沟通交流能力,正向影响其参与行为;参与机会对参与能力具有重要的正向影响,公众参与机会对参与行为影响最大,其次是参与能力,再次是参与动机。从保障公众参与机会、建立公众参与能力提升机制、激发公众参与动机3个方面提出提高公众参与行为的系统性建议。     

小鹤立河水库环境影响浅析

根据小鹤立河水库所处的自然环境,分析了该工程对环境的影响并提出了保护措施.     

固原海绵城市建设工程公众参与意愿影响因素调查

为改善海绵城市建设项目中公众参与的意愿,基于利益相关者理论,分析海绵城市建设项目中参与动机、期望、阻碍参与因素和个人基本特征四方面影响公众参与意愿的潜在因素。以我国第二批海绵城市试点城市宁夏回族自治区固原市为例,通过实地调查获取有效问卷数据687份,运用Logistic回归分析法对海绵城市建设过程中公众参与意愿的影响因素进行实证研究。结果表明,公众参与渠道和平台、信息透明、个人潜在收益感知、创造就业机会、改善水环境和促进水资源利用等为公众参与海绵城市建设项目意愿的关键影响因素。     

NIMBYism in China: Issues and prospects of public participation in facility siting

Not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) protests have been on the rise in urban China over the past few years. Previous studies have focused on campaign strategies and outcomes, yet less attention has been paid to how the Chinese government at different levels has responded to NIMBY protests. This paper focuses on the controversies over three paraxylene (PX) chemical plant projects, which were considered as growth engines by local governments but as health and environmental threats by local residents. It adopts the analytical framework of divided state power to explain why local governments chose to make concessions to the public's demands to relocate or cancel these PX projects. The study finds that the mandate to maintain social stability incentivized local governments to address NIMBY concerns in an ad hoc manner, which tended to create more problems than solutions. The central government has introduced several institutional measures to formalize public participation in land use planning and to hold local governments more responsible for environmental decisions. The analysis of multi-level government responses to NIMBY protests provides a new insight into the power structure that enables or constrains public participation in facility siting in China.     

Assessing the environmental impact of 3D public law restrictions

The needs of modern societies require, on the one hand, the most efficient exploitation of land by individual stakeholders and, on the other hand, have set up a variety of restrictions and regulations for the public benefit. Such restrictions are steadily growing in number and apply in various areas. Given the technological development in the construction sector, complex proprietary relations emerge in overlapping private and public rights. Cadastres constitute the core of land administration systems, gradually evolving to development tools that provide multi-purpose land related information. Within this context, incorporation of Public Law Restrictions (PLRs) to cadastral systems is considered a step towards the development of integrated land administration systems. Internationally, PLRs are usually registered in separate registries, under different types and formats, depending on the competent body/authority. These PLRs include, among others, restrictions regarding environment and nature protection, water protection, spatial and land use planning zones, cultural heritage, public infrastructure corridors and zones, public easements/servitudes and mining rights. Until today 3D registration and visualisation of such PLRs is mostly discussed at research level, mainly due to the variety of fields related to each PLR, the need of quantifying qualitative components or “translating” physical attributes to legal restrictions and 3D volumes, as well as to the variety of responsible authorities and types of regulations. This paper focuses on identifying PLRs that pertain either explicit or implicit 3D characteristics, emphasising on the PLRs related to the development of the Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) project. This paper aims to identify the nature of 3D PLRs, based on the legal requirements regarding environmental components’ analysis and mapping defined in Environmental Impact Assessment (ESIA) studies, and to investigate the possibility of compiling 3D environmental models from recorded ESIA data. Economic implications of 3D PLR approach is also considered, at qualitative level, in terms of impact on land value when 3D restrictions are imposed, and regarding the cost-effectiveness of drafting ESIA studies showing 3D PLRs.     

水库移民中的组织化参与——基于丹江口库区D村移民公众参与的实证考察

选取南水北调中线工程D村为研究对象,总结水库移民过程中公众参与的可行模式——组织化参与,并运用托马斯有效决策模型及有关参与式治理的CLEAR模型论证组织化参与是一种科学、高效的公众参与路径,其成功应用具备如下特征:草根动员是其内在动力;较强的主体意识为前提;良好的制度环境是基础;政府的支持为外在动力;前后期的良性互动促进其进一步发展。     

重大水利工程项目决策社会稳定风险评估中公众参与成熟度的影响路径

重大水利工程项目决策社会稳定风险评估中,公众是重要的参与主体,个体间生活环境、知识背景及心理素质的差异性会直接影响稳评结果。公众参与成熟度是公众参与的衡量要素,由能力成熟度和心理成熟度两个方面构成。从能力与心理两个角度设计调查问卷,运用结构方程模型,探究内部影响路径。结果表明,公众参与心理成熟度直接影响能力成熟度,而能力成熟度又通过参与意愿影响着心理成熟度,两者间存在相互影响的关系。政府可以通过开展道德素质教育,改善公众参与动机,以提高公众参与心理成熟度及能力成熟度,最终整体提高公众参与成熟度,保证稳评工作的质量,提升重大水利工程项目决策科学性。