以静制动 米其林Primacy3ST浩悦轮胎

汽车消费的趋势呈现运动和多功能化发展，因而大部分轮胎企业都推荐车主选择运动性能产品。法国人在研究过中国人的用车习惯后，推出了旗舰系列Primacy3ST浩悦，以满足中国人对舒适驾乘的需求。     

THE ‘REFERENCE POINT’ APPROACH TO THE THEORY OF THE FIRM: AN INTRODUCTION

There is a small but growing literature on the ‘reference point’ approach to incomplete contracts as formulated by Hart and Moore. The reference point approach has begun to be applied to the theory of the firm in 3 recent papers. This introduction reviews the main theoretical aspects of each of these papers. It then discusses the relationship between the reference point approach to the firm, the transaction cost approach and the property rights approach. Here it is argued that the reference point approach is a step back towards ex post inefficiencies, away from reliance on ex ante inefficiencies.