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Aysu Sagun Halime Demirkan 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2009,19(1):79-99
In this study, the Design Collaboration Model (DCM) was developed to provide a medium for the on-line collaboration of the
design courses. The model was based on the situated and reflective practice characteristics of the design process. The segmentation
method was used to analyse the design process observed both in the design diaries and the redline files that were composed
of the problem domain and the design strategies. In the problem domain, it was observed that high emphasis was given to the
design abstractions in the level of details of a space or sub-space. Also, the critics were more interested in the solution
space than the problem space. As a design strategy, rejecting a solution was more practiced than proposing alternative solutions.
Since the performance score of the students was highly correlated to the number of segments in critiques, it is concluded
that quality rather than quantity of critiques determine the success level of proposed design solutions.
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Halime DemirkanEmail: |
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This study develops a model of emergent strategy formation at a large telecommunications firm. It integrates prominent traditions in strategy process research—strategy as patterned action, as iterated resource allocation and as practice—to show how emergent strategy originates as a project through autonomous strategic behavior, then subsequently becomes realized as a consequence of mobilizing wider support to provide impetus, manipulating strategic context to legitimate the project by constructing it as consonant with the prevailing concept of strategy, and altering structural context to embed it within organizational units, routines, and objectives. The study theorizes the role of “practices of strategy articulation” in emergent strategy formation, and explains why some autonomous strategic behavior becomes “ephemeral” and disappears rather than enduring to become emergent strategy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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David E. W. Marginson 《战略管理杂志》2002,23(11):1019-1031
The relationship between management control systems (MCS) and the strategy process is a largely unexplored area of strategic management. This paper reports the findings of an in‐depth, longitudinal case study of a major British‐based organization operating within the increasingly globalized telecommunications industry. Informed by Simons' ( 1991 , 1994 , 1995 ) theoretical model of the strategy process–MCS relationship, the study examines the nature and extent of this relationship at middle‐ and lower‐management levels. Of particular interest were the effects that the design and use of three groups of MCS have on the development of new ideas and initiatives. Findings suggest that beliefs systems influence managers' initiation or ‘triggering’ decisions, the use of administrative controls affects the location of strategic initiatives and may lead to the polarization of roles, and simultaneous emphasis on a range of key performance indicators can create a bias towards one set of measures and against another. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Xiao-Feng Shao 《International Journal of Production Economics》2012,136(1):241-252
This research examines demand-side reactive strategies for supply disruption in a multiple assemble-to-order system. We consider an assemble-to-order system with two substitute products where the demand is price-sensitive and disruption-sensitive. Two different supply disruption situations are examined: disruption of the low-value component and disruption of the high-value component. We propose and compare the performance of four reactive strategies for managing supply disruptions, namely, the backordering strategy, the upgrading/downgrading strategy, the compensation strategy, and the mixed strategy. We find that the compensation strategy and the mixed strategy can keep more customers than the backordering strategy and the upgrading strategy during the supply disruption of the low-value product. For the disruption of the high-value product, the total number of customers keeps constant. But it does lead to the reallocation of customers among the products. We find that the mixed strategy is the best reactive strategy and the backordering strategy is the worst one among the four reactive strategies. 相似文献
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We propose that the failure to adopt an idea or innovation can arise from an in‐group bias among employees within an organizational subunit that leads the subunit's members to undervalue systematically ideas associated with members of the organization outside their subunit. Such biases in internal selection processes can stymie organizational adaptation and therefore depress the performance of the firm. Analyzing data on innovation proposals inside a large, multinational consumer goods firm, we find that evaluators are biased in favor of ideas submitted by individuals that work in the same division and facility as they do, particularly when they belong to small or high‐status subunits. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 相似文献
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An effective strategy formation capability is a complex organizational resource—a dynamic capability that should lead to superior performance. Strategy scholars have examined the strategy formation capability from many perspectives. However, no study has examined a comprehensive model of strategy formation in the context of the firm's strategic orientation. We develop and examine such a model. The results show that strategic orientation moderates the relationship between different elements of the strategy formation capability and performance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Despite widespread recognition of the importance of strategy–structure fit, e.g., diversification and divisionalization, research has yet to address the possibility of similar fit issues for other structural forms of organization, such as the choice of franchised vs. company‐owned governance structures. In this study, we depart from the usual debates regarding the superiority of one governance structure over another and argue that performance differences between these two alternative governance structures may be attributable more to the matching of one structure with a correspondingly appropriate strategy. Specifically, we posit that stores will act in fit‐enhancing ways by pursuing strategies that are more congruent with their governance structure; i.e., that franchised stores, with their more flexible and decentralized structures, will be more likely to pursue strategies that emphasize flexibility and local adaptation, whereas company‐owned stores will tend to pursue strategies that emphasize predictability and control. We also argue that those stores acting in such a manner will enjoy subsequent performance benefits. We develop these ideas around strategy/governance structure fit and test our hypotheses using longitudinal data from over 6000 stores within one of the biggest U.S. restaurant chains from 1991 to 1997. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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This study examines how Chinese firms began responding to worsening environmental concerns in the late 1990s. Combining predictions from control theory, escalation of commitment, and goal theory, we seek to explain how leaders' cognitions shape the formation of novel responses to the value‐laden issue of corporate greening. We propose an iterative model that links leaders' principles with corporate actions and test it using survey data gathered from 360 firms. The model views strategy organically, as a set of adaptive goals and behaviors, and highlights the role of systemic and local feedback loops in strategy formation. We find that top executives who champion new strategic initiatives monitor early success or failure, and adjust their efforts to match early performance feedback. Perceptions of satisfactory performance strengthen leaders' efforts towards their initial target, while perceptions of unsatisfactory performance diminish them. This feedback relationship is invariant throughout favorable or unfavorable expectancies of success, contrary to the contingent prediction of control theory. The model also examines how top‐down and bottom‐up strategic initiatives combine to help firms maintain a positive momentum of change when champions' efforts decline in the face of premature failure signals. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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There are various aspects to teachers’ professional knowledge, some such as subject knowledge are more easy to articulate than others, for example knowing how to construct a scheme of work. Student teachers need to be able to understand the various aspects of teachers’ professional knowledge in order to be able to help themselves reflect on and develop these various aspects. This research builds on earlier work conducted with design and technology colleagues in a number of different countries and teacher training institutions (see Banks et al., International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 14, 141–157, 2004). Leach and Banks, together with other colleagues, developed a visual tool for discussing the aspects of professional knowledge that student teachers are required to develop and this formed the basis of this research (Leach and Banks, Investigating the developing ‘Teacher Professional Knowledge’ of student teachers, 1996). The research was carried out with a cohort of 1-year Post Graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) students on a conventional face-to-face programme. There were 11 in the group with six male and five female and the majority were aged under 25; this is atypical of this course both for gender and age, but this constituted the 2004–2005 intake. There were three data collection points: September 2004, on their first day of their course; January 2005 following their first school placement and June 2005 at the end of the course. The findings indicate the students’ development across the PGCE course in each of the areas relating to knowledge of subject, pedagogy and school. In each area there is a growth in their knowledge and a development in the complexity of their understanding. The students’ knowledge developed from a generalised understanding to a more specific and sophisticated one. It is hoped to be able to continue this research during the induction year of each successful student. 相似文献
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David M. Barlex Donna Trebell 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2008,18(2):119-138
The purpose of the study reported here was to investigate the use of a design-without-make unit as part of the design and technology curriculum with pupils aged 14. Three research questions drove the study: (a) What sort of designing do pupils do when they work collaboratively to design without having to make what they have designed? (b) What is the teachers’ attitude to design-without-make? (c) What is the pupils’ attitude to design-without-make? The study is a small pilot and data were collected using semi-structured interviews with a class teacher and two pupils and detailed scrutiny of five pupils’ design ideas developed during 6 lessons towards the end of an 18 lessons teaching sequence. Findings indicate that the teacher and pupils in this study responded favourably to design-without-make. The pupils’ designing was highly iterative, creative, involved making a wide range of design decisions and revealed understanding of technological concepts. 相似文献
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David Mioduser Osnat Dagan 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2007,17(2):135-148
The study aimed to examine the relationship between alternative approaches towards problem solving/design teaching (structural
or functional), students’ mental modeling of the design process, and the quality of their solutions to design tasks. The structural approach emphasizes the need for an ordered and systematic learning of the design process stages, while the functional approach emphasizes the teaching and study of design functions (rather than stages). Participants were 80 seventh graders,
divided into two groups, who were taught a unit on technological problem solving by either approach in the course of 14 classes
(21 h) during a semester. Before, during and after the design process of a technological solution the students represented
their perception of the design process. The results for both groups were analyzed in terms of: (a) types of models generated;
(b) changes in type of models along the learning/design process; (c) defining characteristics of the design process models.
Significant differences between the groups’ models were found for most variables examined. The functional approach was more
effective than the traditional structural approach for supporting the construction of holistic, flexible, and effective mental
models of the design process of technological solutions. 相似文献
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《Food Policy》2020
Childhood obesity and unhealthy nutrition are high on the European policy agenda because of their association with chronic diseases and due to the related social and economic burden. In 2014, the EU Action Plan on Childhood Obesity 2014–2020 was launched with an overarching goal to halt the rise of overweight and obesity in children by the year 2020. To facilitate the implementation of the Action Plan, the Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission provided support to bring together 25 Member States plus Norway for a Joint Action on Nutrition and Physical Activity (JANPA). The current paper is based on the results of JANPA and presents the explored policy options to improve children's nutrition by targeting the food environment in and around kindergartens and schools. We conclude that for effective actions countries need to combine various mutually reinforcing policies in parallel, including the provision of healthy foods, lowering the availability of unhealthy foods, restricting marketing, and promoting education. Success will depend on the coherence of messages and on the engagement of a wide range of stakeholders and sectors. Evaluation should be carefully designed, using indicators of progress towards the goal of improving diet and reducing obesity in children. 相似文献
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地层压力预(监)测方法标准推荐的是3个压力预(监)测的基本方法,在钻井设计和施工中的作用尤为重要。重新修订和合并的标准,整合和补充完善了地层孔隙压力、地层破裂压力和地层坍塌压力的预(监)测方法,概念更加明确,操作更加清晰,新标准的发布与实施,必将在石油勘探和开发中发挥应有的作用,特别是在减少或杜绝井喷事故、减低钻井风险、减少钻井故障、降低井控风险中取得效益,为提高钻井综合经济效益服务。 相似文献
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The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) is one of the United States’ largest domestic food aid programs. The NSLP provides states with both cash and commodity foods for school meals. This research assessed the success of the school commodity program by comparing states’ available annual funding to the value of foods that states actually received from 2001 to 2009. Results indicate that an in-kind food funding system is not desirable for schools; states failed to receive entitled commodity food value in most years, resulting in annual funding losses for schools of $35–87 million. Inconsistent funding inhibits schools’ ability to improve meals and, ultimately, child nutrition outcomes. In light of these results, it is recommended that a cash benefit should replace the National School Lunch Program’s commodity food program. 相似文献
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David Mioduser Nadav Betzer 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2008,18(1):59-77
The main goals of this study were to look after the technological knowledge construction process by high-school high-achievers,
and their ability to design and implement solutions for technological problems. More specifically, we examine the contribution
of Project-based-learning (PBL), as pedagogical means for supporting the students’ knowledge acquisition and problem-solving
process. The findings show a significant increase in formal knowledge as measured by standardized matriculation exams; an
expansion in the scope of technological knowledge acquired and implemented, and in the scope of knowledge resources utilized
for the projects; a high level of overall performance as regards to the set of design skills studied; a positive change in
attitude towards technology and technological studies; the emergence of consistent design styles by individuals and groups
along their work in the projects. 相似文献