BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Bagguley, P., J. Mark-Lawson, D. Shapiro, J. Urry, S. Walby and A. Warde, 1990: Restructuring: place, class and gender. Dunford, M.F., 1988. Capital, the state and regional development. Harloe, M., C. Pickvance and J. Urry (eds), 1990: Place, policy and politics: do localities matter? Henckel, D. (ed.), 1988: Arbeitszeit, Betriebszeit, Freizeit. Auswirkungen auf die Raumentwicklung. Henckel, D., B. Grabow, H. Kunert-Schroth, E. Nopper and N. Rauch, 1989: Zeitstrukturen und Stadtentwicklung. Rodriguez-Lores, J. and G. Fehl (eds), 1988: Die Kleinwohnungsfrage. Zu den Ursprüngen des sozialen Wohnungsbaus in Europa. Schildt, A. and A. Sywottek (eds), 1988: Massenwohnung und Eigenheim. Urry, J., 1990: The tourist gaze: leisure and travel in contemporary societies. Wheelock, J., 1990: Husbands at home: the domestic economy in a post-industrial society.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Clark, Gordon L. 1989: Unions and communities under siege: American communities and the crisis of organized labor. Henderson, J. 1989: The globalisation of high technology production: society, space and the restructuring of the modern world. Holston, James 1989: The modernist city: an anthropological critique of Brasilia. Jasso, Guillermina and Mark R. Rosenzweig 1990: The new Chosen People; immigrants in the United States. Jessop, B. 1990: State theory: putting capitalist states in their place. Logan, J.R. and T. Swanstrom (eds) 1990: Beyond the city limits: urban policy and economic restructuring in comparative perspective. Watson, S. 1989: Accommodating inequality: gender and housing.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Beauregard, R. , editor, 1989: Economic restructuring and political response. Blanke, B., Heinelt, H. , and Macke, C.-W. 1987: Großstadt und Arbeitslosigkeitein Problemsyndrom im Netz lokaler Sozialpolitik. Block, F.R. 1988: Revising state theory: essays in politics and postindustrialism. Breckner, I. and Krummacher, M. 1985: Regionalentwicklung zwischen Technologieboom und Resteverwertung. Krummacher, M., Schrooten, F. and Wupper, H. 1986: Umbruch der Stadt — z. B. Bochum. Forrest, R. and Murie, A. 1988: Selling the welfare state: the privatisation of public housing. Gottdiener, M. 1987: The decline of urban politics: political theory and the crisis of the local state. Harris, A., Lloyd, G. and Newlands, D. 1988: The impact of oil on the Aberdeen economy. Huttman, E. and van Vliet, W. editors, 1988: Handbook of housing and the built environment in the United States. Keim, D. , editor, 1989: Arbeit an der Stadt: Plädoyers für eine selbstproduktive Politik der Stadtentwicklung. Lefèvre, Ch., Body-Gendrot, S. et al. 1988: Les villes des Etats-Unis. Peet, R. , editor, 1987: International capitalism and industrial restructuring: a critical analysis. Porteous, J.M. 1989: Planned to death: the annihilation of a place called Howdendyke. Prigge, W. , editor, 1987: Die Materialität des Städtischen: Stadtentwicklung im gesellschaftlichen Umbruch. Scott, A.J. 1988: New industrial spaces. Smith, M. P. 1988: City, state and market: the political economy of urban society. Solomos, J. 1988: Black youth, racism and the state: the politics of ideology and policy. Stoker, G. , 1988: The politics of local government. Tomlinson, R. and Addleson, M. , editors, 1988: Regional restructuring under apartheid: urban and regional policies in contemporary South Africa. Weiss, M. A. 1987: The rise of the community builders: the American real estate industry and American land planning. White, M. 1987. American neighbourhoods and residential differentiation. Wolch, J. and Dear, M. , editors, 1989: The power of geography, how territory shapes social life.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Albrechts, L., Moulaert, F., Roberts, P. and Swyngedouw, E. , editors, 1989: Regional policy at the crossroads: European perspectives. Bagnasco, A. 1988: La costruzione sociale del mercato. Ball, M. 1988: Rebuilding construction: economic change in the British construction industry. Boulton, J. 1987: Neighbourhood and society: a London suburb in the seventeenth century. Dogan, M. and Kasarda, J.D. , editors, 1988: The metropolis era: volume 1, A world of giant cities; volume 2, Mega-Cities. Dose, N. and Drexler, A. editors, 1988: Technologieparks. Voraussetzungen, Bestandsaufnahme und Kritik. Eisenstadt, S.N. and Shachar, A. 1987: Society, culture and civilisation. Gaskell, G. and Benewick, R. editors, 1987: The crowd in contemporary Britain Hajer, M. A. 1989: City politics. Hamnett, C. and Randolph, B. 1988: Cities, housing and profits: flat breakup and the decline of private renting. Harris, R. 1988: Democracy in Kingston: a social movement in urban politics 1965–1970. Healey, P., McNamara, P., Elson, M. and Doak, A. 1988: Land use planning and the mediation of urban change. Helman, C. 1987: The Milton-Park affair: Canada's largest citizen-developer confrontation. Howells, J. and Green, A. 1988: Technological innovation, structural change and location in UK services. Howells, J. 1988: Economic, technological and locational trends in European services. Hudson, R. 1989: Wrecking a region: state policies, party politics and regional change in North East England. Jessen, J., Siebel, W., Siebel-Rebell, Chr., Walther, U.-J. and Weyrather, I. editors, 1988: Arbeit nach der Arbeit — Schattenwirtschaft, Wertewandel und Industriearbeit. Johnston, R.J., Pattie, C.J. and Allsopp, J.G. 1988: A nation dividing? The electoral map of Great Britain 1979–1987. Law, CM. with Grime, E.K., Grundy, C.J., Senior, M.L. and Tuppen, J.N. 1988: The uncertain future of the urban core. Plotkin, S. 1987: Keep out: the struggle for land use control.     

SHORTER REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Dickens, P., 1990: Urban sociology: society, locality and human nature. Fothergill, S. and N. Guy, 1990: Retreat from the regions: corporate change and the closure of factories. Frieden, B.J. and L.B. Sagalyn, 1989: Downtown Inc.: how America rebuilds cities. Galt, A.H., 1991: Far from the church bells: settlement and society in an Apulian town. Hummon, D.M., 1990: Commonplaces: community ideology and identity in American culture. Keat, R. and N. Abercrombie (eds), 1991: Enterprise culture. Levine, M.V., 1990: The reconquest of Montreal: language policy and social change in a bilingual city. Lo, C., 1990: Small property versus big government. Phizacklea, A., 1990: Unpacking the fashion industry: gender, racism and class in production. Rodenstein, M., 1988: ‘Mehr Licht, mehr Luft’: Gesundheitskonzepte im Städtebau seit 1750. Stohr, W.B. (ed.), 1990: Global challenge and local response: initiatives for economic regeneration in contemporary Europe.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Assies, W., G. Burgwal and T. Salman, 1990: Structures of power, movements of resistance: an introduction to the theories of urban movements in Latin America. Lombardi, M. and D. Veiga (eds), 1989: Las ciudades en conflicto: una perspectiva latinoamericana. Breckner, I. et al., 1989: Armut im Reichtum: Erscheinungsformen, Ursachen und Handlungsstrategien in ausgewählten Großstädten der Bundesrepublik. Brumfield, W.C. (ed.), 1990: Reshaping Russian architecture: western technology, utopian dreams. Crompton, R. and K. Sanderson, 1990: Gendered jobs and social change. Portes, A., M. Castells and L.A. Benton (eds), 1989: The informal economy: studies in advanced and less developed countries. Ross, R.J.S. and K.C. Trachte, 1990: Global capitalism: the New Leviathan. Von Beyme, K., 1987: Der Wiederaufbau: Architektur und Städtebaupolitik in beiden deutschen Staaten.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Aydalot, P. and Keeble, D. editors, 1988: High technology industry and innovative environments: the European experience. Ball, M., Harloe, M. and Martens, M. 1988: Housing and social change in Europe and the USA. Champion, A.G., Green, A., Owen, D., Ellin, D. and Coombes, M. 1987: Changing places: Britain's demographic, economic and social complexion. Cochrane, A. editor, 1987: Developing local economic strategies. Elkins, T.H. with Hofmeister, B. 1988: Berlin: the spatial structure of a divided city. Forbes, D. and Thrift, N. editors, 1987: The socialist third world. Urban development and territorial planning. Gurr, T.R. and King, D. 1987: The state and the city. Hall, P. and Preston, P. 1988: The carrier wave. New information technology and the geography of innovation, 1846–2003. Häußermann, H. and Siebel, W. 1987: Neue Urbanität. Markusen, A.R. 1987: Regions: the economics and politics of territory. Marshall, G., Newby, H., Rose, D. and Vogler, C. 1988: Social class in modern Britain. Mullings, L. editor, 1987: Cities of the United States: studies in urban anthropology. Palma, J.C. editor, 1986; Los movimientos sociales en Puebla, 2 volumes. Parkinson, M., Foley, B. and Judd, D. editors 1988: Regenerating the cities: the UK crisis and the American experience. Power, A. 1987: Property before people: the management of twentieth-century council housing. Relph, E. 1987: The modern urban landscape. Schaffer, D. 1988: Two centuries of American planning. Smith, D. 1988: The Chicago School: a liberal critique of capitalism.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Blowers, A., Brook, C., Dunleavy, P. and McDowell, L. editors, 1982: Urban change and conflict: an interdisciplinary reader. Cochrane, A., Hamnett, C. and McDowell, L. editors, 1982: City, economy and society: a comparative reader. Clavel, P. 1983: Opposition planning in Wales and Appalachia. Cox, K.R. and Johnston, R.J. editors, 1982: Conflict, politics and the urban scene. Elliott, B. and McCrone, D. 1982: The city: patterns of domination and conflict. Englander, D. 1983: Landlord and tenant in urban Britain 1838–1918. Epstein, A.L. 1981: Urbanization and kinship: the domestic domain on the Copper-belt of Zambia 1950–56. Eversley, D. and Kollmann, W. editors, 1982: Population change and social planning. Forrest, R., Henderson, J. and Williams, P. editors, 1982: Urban political economy and social theory. Gibson, M. S. and Langstaff, M. J. 1982: An introduction to urban renewal Gilbert, A. editor (in association with Hardoy, J. E. and Ramirez, R.) 1982: Urbanization in contemporary Latin America. Gilbert, A. and Gugler, J. 1982: Cities, poverty and development — urbanization in the third world. Healey, P., McDougall, G. and Thomas, M.J. editors, 1982: Planning theory: prospects for the 1980s. Maguire, C.C. 1981: International housing policies. Marcussen, L. 1982: Settlement in Turkey: a report on the politics of housing and urbanization. Schwerdtfeger, F. W. 1982: Traditional housing in African cities. Smith, M.P. 1980: The city and social theory. Starkie, D. 1982: The motorway age: road and traffic policies in postwar Britain. Thompson, F.M.L. editor, 1982: The rise of suburbia. Ward, P.M. editor, 1982: Self-help housing: a critique. Whitt, J.A. 1982: Urban elites and mass transportation: the dialectics of power. Wikan, U. 1980: Life among the poor in Cairo     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Amis, P. and Lloyd, P. , editors, 1990: Housing Africa's urban poor. Champion, A. , editor, 1989: Counterurbanization: the changing pace and nature of population deconcentration. Johnson, J. and Salt, J. , editors, 1990: Labour migration: the internal geographical mobility of labour in the developed world. Costa, F.J., Dutt, A.K., Ma, L.J.C. and Noble, A.G. , editors 1989: Urbanization in Asia. Spatial dimensions and policy issues. Dröge, F. and Krämer-Badoni, T. 1987: Die Kneipe: zur Soziologie einer Kulturform. Ermisch, J. , editor, 1990: Housing and the national economy. Feagin, J.R. 1988: Free enterprise city: Houston in political and economic perspective. Fritsch, M. and Hull, Ch. , editors, 1987: Arbeitsplatzdynamik und Regionalentwicklung. Garside, P.L. and Hebbert, M. , editors, 1989: British regionalism, 1900–2000. Gyford, J., Leach, S. and Game, C. 1989: The changing politics of local government. Harlander, T., Hater, K. and Meiers, F. 1988: Siedeln in Not: Umbruch von Wohnungspolitik und Siedlungsbau am Ende der Weimarer Republik. Harvey, D. 1989: The condition of postmodernity. Johnston, R. 1989: Environmental problems: nature, economy and state. King, A. 1989: Urbanism, colonialism, and the world-economy: cultural and spatial foundations of the world urban system. King, A. 1989: Global cities: post imperialism and the internationalization of London. Mohan, J. , editor, 1989: The political geography of contemporary Britain. Scott, A. 1988: Metropolis. From the division of labor to urban form. Sills, A., Taylor, G. and Golding, P. 1988: The politics of the urban crisis.     

SHORTER REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Behnken, I., M. du Bois-Reymond and J. Zinnecker 1989: Stadtgeschichte als Kindheitsgeschichte: Lebensraüme von Groβstadtkindern in Deutschland und Holland um 1900. Benton, L. 1990: Invisible factories: the informal economy and industrial development in Spain. King, D. and J. Pierre (eds) 1990: Challenges to local government. Pickvance, C. and E. Preteceille (eds) 1990: State restructuring and local power: a comparative perspective. Lowe, P. and M. Bodiguel (eds) 1990: Rural studies in Britain and France. Thornley, A. 1990: Urban planning under Thatcherism: the challenge of the market.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Bhaskar, R. 1989: Reclaiming reality: a critical introduction to contemporary philosophy. Bodenschatz, H. 1987: Platz frei für das neue Berlin. Breheney, M. and Congdon, P. , editors, 1989: Growth and change in a core region: the case of South East England. Byrne, D. 1989: Beyond the inner city. Cooke, P. , editor, 1989: Localities: the changing face of urban Britain. Dickens, P. 1989: One nation? Social change and the politics of locality. Hudson, R. and Sadler, D. 1989: The international steel industry: restructuring, state policies and localities. Lansley, S., Goss, S. and Wolmar, C. 1989: Councils in conflict. The rise and fall of the municipal left. Lieberson, S. and Waters, M.C. 1988: From many strands: ethnic and racial groups in contemporary America. McLeod, J. 1987: Ain't no making it. Robson, B. 1988: Those inner cities: reconciling the social and economic aims of urban policy.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Ambrose P. 1986: Whatever happened to planning? Amin, A. and Goddard, B. editors, 1986: Technological change, industrial restructuring and regional development. Anderson, J. editor, 1986: The rise of the modern state. Bruton, M. and Nicholson, D. 1987: Local planning in practice. Clapham, D. and English, J. editors, 1987: Public housing: current trends and future developments. Clavel, P. 1986: The progressive city: planning and participation, 1969–1984. Cloke, P. editor, 1987: Rural planning: policy into action?. Healey, M.J. and Ilbery, B.W. editors, 1985: The industrialization of the countryside. Eyles, J. 1987: The geography of the National Health: an essay in welfare geography. Foglesong, R.E. 1986: Planning the capitalist city: the Colonial Era to the 1920s. Goldberg, M.A. 1985: The Chinese connection. Getting plugged in to Pacific Rim real estate, trade and capital markets. Hoggart, K. and Kofman, E. editors, 1986: Politics, geography and social stratification. Jaguaribe, H., dos Santos, W., de Paiva, M., Fritsch, W. and Bastos de Avila, F. 1986: Brazil, 2000: para um Novo Pacto Social Lees, A. 1985: Cities perceived: urban society in European and American thought 1820–1940. Lowder, S. 1986. Third world Cities. Markusen, A., Hall, P. and Glasmeier, A. 1986: High tech America: the what, how, where and why of the sunrise industries. Martin, R. and Rowthorn, B. editors, 1986: The geography of deindustrialisation. Newman, D. editor, 1985: The impact of Gush-Emunim: politics and settlement in the West Bank. Rees, G. and Lambert, J. 1985: Cities in crisis: the political economy of urban development in postwar Britain. Smith, Susan J. 1986: Crime, space and society. Southall, A., Nas, P.J.M. and Ansari, G. editors, 1985: City and society: studies in urban ethnicity, life-style and class.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Abu-Lughod, J.L. 1980: Rabat: urban apartheid in Morocco. Western, J. 1982: Outcast Cape Town. Clavel, P., Forester, J. and Goldsmith, W.W. editors, 1980: Urban and regional planning in an age of austerity. Fischer, S. 1982: To dwell among friends. Fraser, D. editor, 1982: Municipal reform and the industrial city. Gregory, D. 1982: Regional transformation and industrial revolution. A geography of the Yorkshire woollen industry. Hudson, R. and Lewis, J. editors, 1982: Regional planning in Europe. Marris, P. 1982: Community planning and conceptions of change. Paris, C. editor, 1982: Critical readings in planning theory. Portes, A. and Walton, J. 1981: Labour, class and the international system. Roussopoulos, D. editor, 1982: The city and radical social change. Solomos, J. editor, 1982: Migrant workers in metropolitan cities. Stave, B.M. editor, 1982: Modern industrial cities: history, policy and survival. Sutcliffe, A. 1981: Towards the planned city: Germany, Britain, United States and France, 1780–1914. Teymur, N. 1982: Environmental discourse. Thomas, D., Minett, J., Hopkins, S., Hamnett, S., Faludi, A. and Barrell, D. 1982: Flexibility and commitment in planning. Young, K. and Garside, P.L. 1982: Metropolitan London: politics and urban change 1837–1981.     

REVIEW ARTICLES

Eckstein, S. 1988: The poverty of revolution: the state and the urban poor in Mexico. Gilbert, A. and A. Varley 1991: Landlord and tenant: housing the poor in urban Mexico. Selby, H.A., A.D. Murphy and A. Lorenzen with I. Cabrera, A. Castañeda and L.I. Ruiz 1990: The Mexican urban household: organizing for self-defense. Clapham, D., P. Kemp and S.J. Smith 1990: Housing and social policy. Forrest, R., A. Murie and P. Williams 1990: Home ownership — differentiation and fragmentation. Malpass, P. and A. Murie 1990: Housing policy and practice. Morris, J. and M. Winn 1990: Housing and social inequality. Saunders, P. 1990: A nation of home owners.     

Book Reviews

Waldinger, Roger Still the promised city? African-Americans and new immigrants in postindustrial New York Pick, James B. and Edgar W. Butler Mexico megacity and Ward, Peter Mexico City Gravesteijn, S.G.E., S van Griensven and M.C. de Smidt (eds) Timing global cities van Vliet, William (ed.) Affordable housing and urban redevelopment in the United States     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Blasius, J. and J.S. Dangschat (eds) 1990: Gentrification. Aufwertung innerstädtischer Wohnviertel. Moehring, Eugene P. 1989: Resort city in the Sunbelt: Las Vegas, 1930–1970. Walton, John 1992: Western times and water wars: state, culture, and rebellion in California.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Ashford D. E. 1982: British dogmatism and French pragmatism: central local policy making in the welfare state. Dear, M.J. and Taylor, S.M. 1982: Not on our street. Hamilton, F.E.I. and Linge, G.J.R. editors, 1983: Spatial analysis, industry and the industrial environment. Healey, P. 1983: Local plans in British land use planning. Kemeny, J. 1983: The privatised city: critical studies in Australian housing and urban structure. Lake, R.W. editor, 1983: Readings in urban analysis: perspectives on urban form and structure. Lundquist, L.J. and Wiktorin, M. editors, 1983: Current trends in British housing. Priemus, H. editor, 1983: Who will pay the housing bill in the eighties? Sims, D. and Wood, M. 1984: Car manufacturing at Linwood: the regional policy issues. Stoney, P.J.M. and Bourn, M. 1984: Industrial development in Merseyside: motor vehicle assembly and the port of Liverpool. Smith, M.P. editor, 1984: Cities in transformation: class, capital and the state. Williams, R.H. editor, 1983: Planning in Europe.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Baldassare, M. editor, 1983: Cities and urban living. Castells, M. 1983: The city and the grassroots. Crenson, M. 1983: Neighborhood politics. Efrat, E. 1984: Urbanization in Israel. Fainstein, N. and Fainstein, S. editors, 1982: Urban policy under capitalism. Fraser, D. and Sutcliffe, A. editors, 1983: The pursuit of urban history. Harrison, M.L. editor, 1984: Corporatism and the welfare state. Hartman, C. editor, 1983: America's housing crisis: what is to be done? Husbands, C.T. 1983: Racial exclusionism and the city: the urban support of the National Front. Long, M. 1982: Moral regime and model institutions: precursors of town planning in early Victorian England. Melling, J. 1983: Rent strikes: peoples' struggle for housing in west Scotland, 1890–1916. Damer, S. 1982: Rent strike! The Clydebank rent strike of the 1920s. Mollenkopf, J. 1983: The contested city. Offe, C. (edited by Keane, J. ) 1984: Contradictions of the welfare state. Sandercock, L. and Berry, M. 1983: Urban political economy. Schill, M.H. and Nathan, R.P. 1983: Revitalizing America's cities: neighborhood reinvestment and displacement. Sharpe, W. and Wallock, L. editors, 1983: Visions of the modern city: essays in history, art and literature. Wynn, M. editor, 1983: Housing in Europe.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Ball, M. 1983: Housing policy and economic power: the political economy of owner occupation. Cannadine, D. editor, 1982: Patricians, power and politics in nineteenth-century towns. Cornuel, D. and Duriez, B. 1983: Le mirage urbain. Histoire du logement à Roubaix. Dunford, M. and Perrons, D. 1983: The arena of capital. Fainstein, S.S., Fainstein, N.I., Hill, R.C., Judd, D. and Smith, M.P. (with Armstead, P.J. and Keller, M. ) 1983: Restructuring the city. The political economy of urban redevelopment. Feagin, J. R. 1983: The urban real estate game: playing monopoly with real money. Goddard, J. B. and Champion, A. G. editors, 1983: The urban and regional transformation of Britain. Regional Studies Association 1983: Report of an inquiry into regional problems in the United Kingdom. Klaassen, L. H. and Molle, W. T. M. editors, 1983: Industrial mobility and migration in the European Community. Lea, D. A. M. and Chaudhri, D. P. editors, 1983: Rural development and the state: contradictions and dilemmas in developing countries. Lins, J. 1982: Mitbestimmung im Wohnbau Von Technokratenherrschaft zu konkreter Demokratie. Magnusson, W. and Sancton, A. editors, 1983: City politics in Canada. Offer, A. 1981: Property and politics 1870–1914: landownership, law, ideology and urban development in England. Pahl, R.E., Flynn, R. and Buck, N.H. 1983: Structures and processes of urban life Pons, V. and Francis, R. editors, 1983: Urban social research: problems and prospects. Rapoport, A. 1982: The meaning of the built environment. Sarin, M. 1982: Urban planning in the third world: the Chandigarh experience. Taylor, M. and Thrift, N. editors, 1982: The geography of multinationals. Wynot, E.D. 1983: Warsaw between the world wars: profile of the capital city in a developing land, 1918–39.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Badcock, B. 1984: Unfairly structured cities. Bowles, S., Gordon, D.M. and Weisskopf, T.E. 1983: Beyond the waste land: a democratic alternative to economic decline. Reich, R.B. 1983: The next American frontier. Cooper, F. editor, 1983: Struggle for the city: migrant labor capital and the state in urban Africa. Cox, A. 1984: Adversary politics and land: the conflict over land and property policy in post-war Britain. Daunton, M.J. 1983: House and home in the Victorian City: working class housing 1850–1914. Gaskell, S.M. 1983: Building control: national legislation and the introduction of local by-laws in Victorian England. Doling, J. and Davies, M. 1984: Public control of privately rented housing. Hillier, B. and Hanson, J. 1984: The social logic of space. Oakey, R. 1984: High technology small firms: innovation and regional development in Britain and the United States. Owens, P.L. and House, R. editors, 1984: Radical geography: an annotated bibliography. Rokkan, S. and Urwin, D.W. 1983: Economy, territory, identity: the politics of west European peripheries. Samuels, R.J. 1983: The politics of regional policy in Japan. Smith, D.M. editor, 1982: Living under apartheid: aspects of urbanization and social change in South Africa.