股权结构与公司绩效的U型关系研究——1997～2000年上市公司的实证研究

本文通过对上市公司 1 997～ 2 0 0 0年的数据的实证分析 ,结果表明 :股权集中度、内部持股比例与公司绩效均呈显著性倒U型相关 ;第一大股东持股比例与公司绩效正相关 ;国家股比例、境内法人股与公司绩效呈显著性U型相关 ,这说明当国家或法人持股比例较低时 ,与公司绩效负相关 ,而在持股比例较高时 ,与公司绩效正相关 ;流通股比例与公司绩效呈U型关系 ,即在流通股比例高低的两端 ,公司绩效均表现出较高水平。     

Antecedents and consequences of corporate governance reform: the case of Germany

The paper examines the antecedents and consequences of the voluntary adoption of corporate governance reform in firms embedded in a relationship‐based governance system with less protection of minority shareholders. In such locations, ownership structure should be a key determinant of governance reform. Firms with dispersed ownership are likely to face agency problems but may lack sufficient ownership power in the hand of external owners for adoption to occur. Extensive ownership by external parties facilitates adoption but decreases the need and motivation to adopt governance reform. We examined the adoption of stock‐based incentive plans and transparent accounting regulations (e.g., greater disclosure to shareholders) among large German firms (DAX 100) during the late 1990s. We found an inverse ‘U’‐shaped relationship between ownership concentration and governance reform. In addition, we found that firms adopting governance reform were more likely to engage in corporate divestitures and achieve higher levels of market performance than firms not adopting governance reform. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

企业理论的演进逻辑及其发展方向

现代企业理论强调资本所有权(产权)的决定作用,因而企业治理遵循“资本雇佣劳动”的逻辑。但这一逻辑越来越受到理论和实践两方面的挑战,客观上需要一个替代的企业理论。实际上,一些新的“资本”范畴的提出,预示着新的企业理论的发展方向。纵观企业理论发展的历史,我们发现有其自身发展规律:物质资本的所有权决定论—资本所有权逻辑的否定—资本所有权逻辑的回归。这是一个完整的“否定之否定”的过程。企业理论的这一发展规律从企业理论中“市场”与“生产”的关系看,理论重心经历了“市场交易合约”到“生产中的资源”,再到“市场交易与生产结合”的过程。企业理论发展逻辑的最后一个环节尚处于萌芽之中,需要我们加以深入研究。     

Corporate Governance and Performance in Publicly Listed,Family-Controlled Firms: Evidence from Taiwan

Using a multi-industry dataset of 228 firms listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TSE) this paper analyses the effects of ownership structure and board characteristics on performance in large, publicly traded firms that are controlled by founding families. After taking account of possible endogeneity problems, we do not find that family control is associated with performance measured in terms of accounting ratios, sales per issued capital, earnings per share and market-to-book value. However, share ownership by institutional investors, and foreign financial institutions in particular, is associated with better performance. Our results indicate that board independence from founding family and board members’ financial interests have a positive impact on performance.     

股权结构与公司治理绩效实证分析

本文以深、沪两市101家上市公司为样本，分行业竞争环境强弱从股权属性、股权集中度与公司治理绩效的关系进行实证分析，发现行业竞争环境强的上市公司其治理绩效与法人股比例呈三次函数关系，与流通股比例无显著相关关系；行业竞争环境弱的上市公司其治理绩效与国有股比例、法人股比例呈三次函数关系，与流通股比例无显著相关关系；行业竞争环境强的上市公司，股权分散型优于国有控股型，国有控股型优于法人控股型；行业竞争环境弱的上市公司，法人控股型结构优于国有控股型，国有控股型优于股权分散型。最后根据实证分析的结果，提出构建合理股权结构的结论性建议。     

Environmental dynamism,capital structure and performance: a theoretical integration and an empirical test

An ongoing argument in financial management has been how to craft a capital structure which maximizes shareholder wealth. This question has gained prominence within the strategic management field because of the apparent link between capital structure and the ability of firms to compete. By integrating models from organizational economics with the strategic management literature, we are able to theorize that a firm’s capital structure is influenced by environmental dynamism, and that the match between environmental dynamism and capital structure is associated with superior economic performance. Our large‐scale empirical analyses provide supportive evidence for the proposition that competitive environments moderate the relationship between capital structure and economic performance. From a theoretical standpoint, these findings provide another link between capital structure and corporate strategy. More importantly, we are able to move the discussion beyond the limitations of financial risk and incorporate the strategy concept of decision making under uncertainty. For practical application, these findings offer informed advice for managers on how to craft a capital structure. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Asset specificity,firm heterogeneity and capital structure

This paper presents an empirical investigation of the importance of specialized assets and other unique characteristics of a firm in explaining the variance in capital structure across firms. The results show that firm-specific effects contribute most to the variance in leverage, suggesting a strong link between strategy and capital structure.     

家族控制中的亲缘效应分析与检验

本文以家族企业的全部家族成员为分析对象,探讨了不同亲缘关系的效应,得出以下结论:由单一家族成员控制家族企业的乏亲缘关系不利于企业的发展;核心家庭对企业绩效的改进起到显著促进作用,但这种作用主要体现在股权控制中,在家族管理权控制和金字塔控制中此效应并不明显;近亲关系对企业绩效的提升起到一定的阻碍作用,尤其是在管理权控制机制中其效应更加明显;远亲关系的作用方向不太稳健,在股权控制中起到显著的积极作用,但在管理权控制和金字塔中控制中则具有一定的消极作用;不同控制机制下的亲缘关系对企业绩效的边际贡献存在差异,即不同的家族控制模式应相机地选择不同的亲缘关系组合以改善企业的治理效率。     

行业间智力资本、股权性质对企业绩效推动效应的比较研究

本文选取2010～2013年上交所和深交所的纺织服装业、生物制药业和房地产业的上市公司为研究样本,运用Public模型和因子分析分别得出智力资本和企业综合绩效,比较分析了3个行业的智力资本对企业绩效的影响,其中3个行业的人力资本都对企业绩效有正向推动效应,而结构资本是在生物制药业与绩效显著正相关,而在房地产业有不显著的负相关性。在此基础上通过对股权性质的研究发现生物制药业和房地产业的国有性质阻碍了人力资本对企业绩效的推动作用。     

终极控制权对高管薪酬激励效应影响的实证分析

本文基于中国A股市场上市公司样本数据,从高管人力资本产权实现的理论视角,考虑终极控制权情景因素,实证分析了高管股权激励的结果效应。结论显示,终极控制权影响高管薪酬激励方式的选择,高管薪酬激励方式影响企业绩效,具体控制权情景下高管薪酬激励方式间企业绩效存在差异。总体而言,不论国有性质还是非国有性质,低控制权强度下实施股权激励的企业绩效显著高于未实施股权激励的企业,而高控制权强度下二者的差异不显著。     

中国上市公司股权结构和公司业绩的相关性

公司股权结构对公司业绩的影响方向和程度不完全相同。股东结构、股权集中程度以及大股东在公司的身份对公司经营业绩和资产的市场价格产生重大作用。股权结构的优化要以保护中小股东利益为基础。     

企业社会资本的功效结构:基于中国上市公司的实证研究

与政府的联系、组织的社会网络资本和特有的关系资本构成了企业的社会资本。通过对97家上市公司的经验研究表明,企业社会资本对销售收入的提升有着正面的促进作用,但对资产报酬率的改善却没有明确的影响。具体而言,在提升销售收入过程中,组织的社会网络资本作用最大,特有关系资本次之,企业家的政府关系资本是第三位的。我们还发现,国有企业比非国有企业在政府关系的利用和获得有利社会地位方面更有优势,但在组织的特有关系资本建设方面却呈现不足。作者建议管理者谨慎评价企业社会资本的功效,有必要考虑不同社会资本结构的交互作用,并将之与其他要素综合起来运用;企业应当用动态的眼光分辨不同层次的社会资本对绩效改善的作用。     

企业智力资本计量问题研究

企业智力资本计量是目前国内外理论界和实业界正在探索的一个热点领域。迄今已初步形成了一些计量模式和方法，但这些模式和方法存在许多缺陷。因而很有必要在此基础上，进一步探索更为科学的计量模式和方法。从企业价值创造机理来看，可以采用“动态四分法”对智力资本进行科学地分类，然后进行计量与估价，进而得出一种由识别、诊断和结果构成的三步式的企业智力资本计量的框架结构。