竞争盗版市场下的信息产品定价与盗版防御策略研究

以竞争的信息产品盗版市场为研究背景,从消费者效用函数出发,通过建立两阶段博弈模型分析了正版厂商的反盗版努力和政府的知识产权保护状况对正版厂商的定价策略和盗版防御策略选择的影响.研究表明:反映政府知识产权保护程度的盗版成本系数和盗版质量是影响正版厂商定价与盗版防范策略的重要因素.关于取不同的数值区间时,正版厂商的盗版防范策略各不相同.     

浅谈市场营销视角下的企业物流管理

一、企业物流管理是市场营销管理的重要职能 市场营销强调在适当的地点和适当的时间,以适当的价格将适当的商品提供给目标市场,满足顾客的需要。市场营销过程中,产品的实物配送对促进产品销售,提高市场占有率起着重要的作用。它可以提高产品发送的速度,保证准时送货,方便顾客随时能买到所需的产品,提供商品在途运输的情况查询服务等,并有利于和顾客建立长期合作关系,促进企业产品的销售。市场营销能否取得满意的效果,能否吸引和满足顾客,在很大程度上受卖方物流管理能力和决策的制约。物流管理对价格策略、产品策略及促销策略也有重要影响。市场营销部门必须要估计到为顾客提供不同服务水平与物流费用之间的增减变化,制定出最佳的定价决策。     

国外数字盗版研究新进展的理论综述

随着数字技术和互联网的迅速发展,数字产品的复制和传播越来越容易,数字盗版成为信息经济学的热点问题。与一般盗版不同,由于数字产品具有网络外部性、信息不对称以及可补贴性等一系列特征,厂商可能利用这些特征从盗版中获利,而社会福利也有可能得到改善,并且能间接促进大量新商业模式的产生。数字盗版问题的研究有助于深入理解数字产品市场的发展趋势,同时对于政府制定合理的版权保护政策、降低监管成本具有重要的理论指导意义。     

“存在即合理”对盗版的经济分析

虽然政府从未间断对盗版市场的整治,但是盗版行为依然非常普遍,盗版产品仍然随处可见。文章应用消费者行为、厂商垄断、信息不对称等理论以及福利经济学、法经济学的相关理论对盗版行为存在的原因进行了深层发掘;综合运用实证分析和规范分析,阐明了盗版行为存在的利弊;最后给出了矫正盗版市场的策略。     

寡头市场具有混合捆绑销售契约的竞争分析

在寡头竞争市场环境下,生产完全互补产品的厂商可以通过谈判签约并使用"混合捆绑"策略进行竞争,如电信运营商与手机厂商共同推出的签约套餐和预付费套餐.针对这种行为,文章构建了一个包含两组互补品厂商的寡头博弈模型,研究混合捆绑销售契约对市场价格、厂商利润和社会福利的影响.研究表明:当只有一组厂商签订混合捆绑销售契约时,签约厂商能够从捆绑折扣中获得竞争优势,而竞争对手则被迫降低自己产品价格并在竞争中处于劣势;当两组厂商均签订混合捆绑销售契约时,围绕捆绑产品的竞争将使得捆绑折扣进一步提高,但各自的利润却下降了.然而当这种签约策略内生时,所有厂商将选择签订契约并进行捆绑销售,从而陷入"囚徒困境".最终,在互补产品"纵向外部性"和系统产品"横向外部性"的共同作用下,混合捆绑销售契约提高了消费者剩余而降低了社会福利.基于本文分析,应该反对竞争政策对厂商谈判签订契约使用混合捆绑策略进行竞争的行为.文章的贡献在于从契约的角度研究厂商之间的捆绑销售策略,并运用统一的分析框架考察了不同契约结构下厂商实施捆绑销售的动机,对于深化捆绑销售的理论研究和完善竞争政策具有重要的借鉴意义.     

存在非耐用品时耐用品的出租或销售问题

文章建立了一个两期数学模型,其中一个耐用品厂商有可能还拥有一种非耐用品.基于这个模型,文章讨论了厂商对其耐用品的出租或销售偏好.结果发现,这种非耐用品的存在可以改变厂商对其耐用品的出租或销售行为,厂商喜欢出租而不是销售其耐用品这个经典结论并不一定成立,最终结果既取决于这两种产品之间的关系,又取决于这种非耐用品的存在时期.     

音乐产业化进程中盗版行为的经济学分析

盗版对音乐行业的危害性 盗版是相对于版权而言的一个法律概念.目前,盗版音乐侵权行为严重威胁着正版音乐行业的发展,侵犯了正版音乐厂商的合法权益,使正版音乐行业处于极端不稳定状态中,由此而造成的损失十分巨大.2005年8月,IFPI(国际唱片工业协会)公布了音乐盗版情况最严重的10个国家,而中国则成为全球最大的盗版音乐市场,据初步统计,中国境内销售的音乐制品85%是盗版.     

网络营销的产品策略

通过分析网上销售的产品的特性,提出了网络营销的产品策略,如:全面描述策略、免费特价策略、试听试看试用策略等,得出了对不同的产品要灵活运用不同的营销策略的结论.     

基于ABC分析方法的农产品供应链成本模型

文章基于一条简单的农产品供应链,只包含一个供应商、一个生产商和一个最终顾客,应用管理会计的ABC作业成本分析方法,研究了供应链的成本结构,得出了基于分配给顾客的顾客维持成本模型、分配给顾客的订单处理成本模型、分配给顾客的订单完成成本模型、按比例分配特定产品的供应商维持成本模型、分配给顾客的库存空间和资金成本模型等五个不同作业的分成本模型,并将其整合为供应链整体成本模型,并对总模型进行优化。通过与优化后的模型相比较,可以发现现在所处的供应链的缺陷之处,从而提出对其的改进策略。     

会“滚雪球”的金条

几千年来,黄金一直是最佳的保值和避险的理财工具,它可以对抗长期性的通货膨胀和货币贬值,也有很多家庭将其作为"镇宅之宝"。然而,黄金是不生息的金融资产,购买后的保管需大费周章,如果存放银行保险箱一年就需要100多元,这让不少黄金投资者心存顾虑。日前,招商银行推出了一款创新的招行金产品"金生利",不仅解决了黄金免费存放银行的保管问题,更可以让金条生出利息。何为"金生利"?招商银行青岛分行产品经理丁钰介绍,"金生利"指招行在约定的销售周期内,向其个人客户销售带有"招行金"品牌标志的实物贵金属产品,客户延期提货并     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.