建立我国矿产资源生态补偿机制研究

建立矿产资源开发生态补偿机制,加速矿区生态环境修复进程,已经成为当前我国建立和完善生态补偿机制国家战略的优先领域。阐述我国矿产资源开发中造成的主要生态环境问题,系统分析我国矿山环境治理与生态恢复政策进程和实施效果,梳理我国建立矿产资源生态补偿机制面临的现实困难和机制障碍。结合我国矿山环境治理与生态恢复工作中存在的问题,重点从补偿资金的筹措机制、使用机制、行政部门间协调规划、监督管理机制等方面,提出建立我国矿产资源生态补偿机制的政策建议。     

论河南矿产资源开发的生态补偿

矿产资源的开发对生态环境的损害量大面广,如何调整生态损害与保护的关系,加速矿区生态环境的修复和建立矿产资源生态补偿机制是一项重要的任务。在分析河南矿山生态环境恢复与补偿实施的成效及问题的基础上,提出了构建矿产资源开发生态补偿机制的原则、措施以及相关的政策建议。     

江西矿产资源生态补偿存在的问题及对策

矿产资源开发对江西经济发展发挥了重要作用,但矿产资源开发也对生态环境造成了损害,因而,调整生态损害与保护的关系,建立矿产资源生态补偿机制是一项重要的任务。本文在介绍江西矿产资源生态补偿存在问题的基础上提出了构建矿产资源生态补尝机制的相关对策：制定矿产资源开发生态补偿的定价机制、建立矿产资源开发生态补尝的资金保障机制、建立矿产资源生态补偿机制的有效约束机制、建立矿产资源开发的补救性生态补偿机制等。     

江西矿产资源生态补偿存在的问题及对策

矿产资源开发对江西经济发展发挥了重要作用,但矿产资源开发也对生态环境造成了损害,因而,调整生态损害与保护的关系,建立矿产资源生态补偿机制是一项重要的任务.本文在介绍江西矿产资源生态补偿存在问题的基础上提出了构建矿产资源生态补尝机制的相关对策:制定矿产资源开发生态补偿的定价机制、建立矿产资源开发生态补尝的资金保障机制、建立矿产资源生态补偿机制的有效约柬机制、建立矿产资源开发的朴教性生态补偿机制等.     

矿产资源开发中生态补偿法律问题研究

文章从矿产资源开发生态补偿问题的提出入手,对我国当前矿产资源开发生态补偿的现状进行分析,认为在当前的法律体系中对由矿产资源开发造成的环境污染和生态破坏都不存在真正意义的生态补偿,即便是具有补偿性质的资源税费也不具有补偿环境生态功能减损的性质,充其量不过是对矿产资源的资源价值的经济补偿而已。因此得出结论:制度的缺失是造成当前资源开发生态补偿不能充分解决的关键所在。文章结合上述分析对矿产资源开发过程中的生态补偿进行了法律界定,同时认为矿产资源开发生态补偿的实质是在矿业企业、受益地区和受损的矿区环境及矿区居民不同主体的经济利益与生态利益和生存利益与发展利益之间进行的动态协调,并具有预防环境问题的产生、引导矿业企业把环境损害纳入生产成本、约束矿业企业保护环境减少损害的功能。接下来文章从分析矿产资源开发生态补偿的理论依据与现实依据入手,认为矿产资源开发生态补偿可以有效解决我国当前矿产品定价不合理的问题和"市场失灵"与"政府失灵"的问题。并得出兼顾公平与效率的可持续性原则和谁受益谁补偿的原则应该成为矿产资源开发生态补偿的基本原则。     

对建立矿产资源开发生态补偿机制的探讨

建立矿产资源开发生态补偿机制是完善生态补偿机制的一个重要方面。文章介绍了我国矿产资源开发生态补偿的基本情况、取得的主要成效和存在的主要问题。在此基础上,提出了完善矿产资源生态补偿机制的6条建议:梳理相关政策法规,稳妥推进矿产资源开发生态补偿;明细执法主体,规范补偿费收取办法;加大中央财政转移支付,拓宽矿山环境治理资金渠道;实施差别化政策,对新老矿区采取不同的补偿政策;明确法律责任,重视发挥地方政府和市场的作用;注重公众参与,保障特殊群体的利益。研究成果对完善我国矿产资源开发生态补偿机制和推进生态立法提供了重要支撑。     

矿产资源开发生态补偿机制研究述评

矿产资源开发生态补偿对于保护与改善生态环境,促进矿产资源的合理开发,促进我国经济社会可持续发展具有重要的战略意义.国内外学者在构建矿产资源开发生态补偿机制方面进行了许多有意义的研究,但也存在不少欠缺之处.本文通过对已有文献的梳理,从多个方面对现有研究观点进行综述.     

基于演化博弈的矿区生态补偿市场运行机理研究

健全矿区生态补偿机制对合理开发矿产资源、可持续发展以及生态文明建设都具有重要意义。基于利益主体九大博弈关系,以演化博弈论为方法,构建地方政府与矿产资源开发企业的博弈矩阵和复制者动态模型,探讨矿区多元化、市场化生态补偿的运行机理。演化博弈结果表明:主体间的博弈易陷入"合作"与"不合作"的交替循环中,无法实现稳定,若要实现地方政府监管、企业履行生态保护义务的共赢局面,必须依靠市场化和多元化手段对成本、保证金、政绩等各项参数进行调整,才能权衡双方利益,促成合作,进而由转移支付、保证金、社会资本、惩戒机制、政绩考核、行政机制等一系列旨在完善生态补偿机制的对策建议共同构成政府引导、多方参与的矿区生态补偿市场机制框架。     

试论地区间横向援助法律机制的构建——基于主体功能区生态补偿视角

在生态补偿的建设中,横向支付转移虽然在总量上所占比例较小,但其均等化的作用却异常突出,不可或缺.然而从总体上看,地区间财政横向援助的实践规模并不大,很大程度是因为法律机制还不健全.只有完善地区间横向援助法律机制、拓宽融资渠道、完善监督机制才能更好的保护生态环境,促进经济发展.本文着重分析了目前地区间横向援助法律机制存在的问题、构建的具体设想以及应注意的问题,以期为我国的地区横向援助的法律机制的构建与完善提供参考.     

我国矿产资源开发生态补偿机制研究

虽然我国学者对生态补偿的研究已经有二三十年的历史,但至今仍然没能建立起较完善的矿产资源开发生态补偿机制。文章从矿产资源开发生态补偿机制的定义出发,提出了市场机制和计划机制相结合,由定价机制、实施机制和监督保障机制构成的矿产资源开发生态补偿机制。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...