产业集群内创业影响因素模型研究

从社会心理学角度探讨了集群环境对创业微观行为的影响因素和作用机制。在对创业机会作出反应的过程中，感知个人意愿、感知社会规范、感知自我效能感和感知集体效能感对创业意图产生影响并最终导致创业行为的产生，它们受到了集群环境中的外部经济性、共享文化和价值观、机会与需求、信息与知识溢出及本地社会网络等因素的影响，据此提出假设并建立了因素模型，对在集群环境下更容易产生创业行为的现象给出了新的解释并提出了政策启示。     

如何将创业机会转化为企业绩效 ——商业模式创新的中介作用及市场环境的调节作用

机会识别是创业研究的一个核心话题，然而我们对创业机会的绩效转化机制还缺乏认识。基于交易成本理论和资源依赖理论，通过引入商业模式创新这一概念，本文探讨了在动态变化的环境中企业将创业机会转化为绩效的机制与路径。实证研究发现，创业机会识别能够显著改善企业绩效。本文还分析了商业模式创新中介机会识别对企业绩效的影响，需求不确定与环境包容性削弱机会识别对商业模式创新的影响，竞争强度加强机会识别对商业模式创新的影响。商业模式创新的引入为企业将创业机会转化为绩效提供了现实操作路径，基于交易成本和资源依赖理论的对比分析较好地解释了创业机会与商业模式创新之间的关联，从而为商业模式理论发展做出了贡献。     

企业家创业行为的实证研究

创业活动的动态性和复杂性导致难以系统认识其特点。本文在蒂蒙斯创业模型的基础上，以机会感知、创业团队和资源获取为内核，以个人特质、文化环境和经济环境为影响创业的外生因素，试图通过实证研究识别创业的基本特征及外生因素的综合作用机制。     

数字创业学习：内涵、研究议题与展望

在创新驱动发展战略引领下，数据作为第五大新型生产要素，正在推动数字创业实践的潮涌。其中机会是数字创业活动的核心，但数字创业机会建构的过程研究仍然存在空白。在建构主义视角之下，作为能够塑造创业个体认知与组织决策的学习行为，对于推进机会创造有重要作用。本文聚焦于数字创业学习这一构念，通过整合建构主义理论与数字创业的相关研究，探索数字创业主体在机会建构过程中的学习行为。本文在梳理国内外相关文献基础上，阐释了数字创业学习的理论基础和内涵，并依循“影响动因—学习行为—机会建构”逻辑，探索性地提出了数字创业学习的相关研究议题。本文认为，特定的客观环境和主观认知在塑造数字创业学习行为中扮演重要角色。数字创业行动者通过开展“在想中学”的认知学习和“在做中学”的情境学习推进数字创业机会识别与开发，并基于经验学习实现对数字创业机会的适应性迭代。本文旨在进一步揭示数字时代建构主义机会观与学习观的互动关系，丰富创新驱动创业的微观机理研究。     

高科技企业离职员工创业机会创新性的影响机制研究——基于模糊集定性比较分析

高科技企业离职员工创业成为数字经济时代的普遍现象，现有研究大多关注离职员工为何离职创业，而忽略了对离职创业结果的探究。聚焦于离职员工创业机会创新性，以华为26个离职创业样本为研究对象，应用组态思维整合文化情境和个体特征两个层面因素，探究创业机会创新性背后多重条件间的复杂互动本质。研究发现：文化情境与个体特征因素联动匹配影响创业机会创新性的实现；影响高-低创业机会创新性的路径呈现差异性，高创业机会创新性的影响模式为创业自信驱动型、知识能力主导型与个体-组织协同型，低创业机会创新性的影响模式为过度自信触发型与创业特质缺乏型。     

创业机会理论研究

创业机会是创业过程的核心内容，也是学术界研究的热点问题之一。本文对创业机会理论进行了梳理总结，并尝试性地将创业机会区分为改进型创业机会和突破型创业机会，并阐释了两种创业机会的理论基础。     

创业过程的情景依存性分析

创业是创业主体与创业环境交互作用的动态过程。创业环境的资源依存理论与种群生态理论都认为环境是影响企业创业活动的重要因素,创业过程具有明显的环境嵌入特点。创业环境的要素模型和特征模型是分析创业过程的基础。研究表明,创业环境主要通过影响创业信息的检索、创业机会的识别、创业资源的攫取以及创业经营策略作用于整个创业过程。本文结论对地方政府营造良好的区域创业环境具有政策启示。     

创业机会识别影响因素多维分析框架的构建

机会识别是一个受多重因素影响的复杂过程,跟创业者、机会类型、环境资源等都有关系。对各影响因素及其相互关系的拓展与深入研究,有助于全面解释机会识别过程,加深对创业机会识别过程的理解,也对最终形成创业领域的研究范式起着重要作用。     

创业机会识别的整合视角

以创业机会为核心的创业研究已取得丰硕成果，但关于机会定义和识别机制的争论仍在继续，并束缚了研究的深入。分析机会定义争论的根本原因是概念定义与操作定义的混淆,厘清机会识别过程的阶段争论,梳理并区分两种机会识别观点（发现与创造观点）的主要理论基础与内容；从信息加工视角整合两种观点，即机会识别过程是创业者交互采用算法式(Algorithm)与启发式(Heuristic)加工的过程；构建机会识别过程的影响因素模型，即环境信息和以往经验对机会识别过程中信息加工方式选择的影响；最后总结并提出未来的研究方向。     

家族社会资本、先前经验与创业机会识别:来自微型企业的实证

利用重庆市微型企业调查数据,采用二元logistic回归分析方法,实证检验了微型企业创业者家族社会资本和先前经验对创业机会识别的影响以及环境动态性在家族社会资本与创业机会识别关系中的调节作用。研究结果表明:微型企业创业者家族社会资本、先前创业经验和先前创业培训经历对创业机会识别具有显著正向影响;环境动态性负向调节微型企业创业者家族社会资本与创业机会识别间关系。     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。