关于陕西农村信用社小微企业信用评级模式的思考

近年来,随着我国国民经济的发展,小微企业在国民经济发展中起着极为重要的作用,但融资难问题一直是制约小微企业发展的瓶颈。其主要原因是金融机构企业信用评级体系的缺陷致使小微企业信用风险披露不足从而导致金融机构对小微企业惜贷盛行。建立专门适合小微企业的信用评级体系能帮助银行有效揭示小微企业贷款风险,同时降低其获取企业信息的成本,为市场参与各方提供决策依据。     

关于陕西农村信用社小微企业信用评级模式的思考

近年来,随着我国国民经济的发展,小微企业在国民经济发展中起着极为重要的作用,但融资难问题一直是制约小微企业发展的瓶颈。其主要原因是金融机构企业信用评级体系的缺陷致使小微企业信用风险披露不足从而导致金融机构对小微企业惜贷盛行。建立专门适合小微企业的信用评级体系能帮助银行有效揭示小微企业贷款风险,同时降低其获取企业信息的成本,为市场参与各方提供决策依据。     

小微融资还款方式创新

<正>小微融资还款方式创新具有重要意义小微金融还款方式创新不仅对小微企业的生存和发展有着关键意义,而且对于提升银行经营管理水平、优化净化社会融资环境也具有重要的作用。对小微企业而言,还款方式创新有利于减轻小微企业融资负担。还款方式创新使得小微企业不必将还贷资金实际组织到位,大大减少了因筹集还贷资金所需的时间成本和资金成本,同时降低了小微企业因转贷压力涉足民间借贷的风险。     

信用信息赋能可以促进普惠小微信用贷款业务可持续发展吗?——基于现实困境、障碍与建议的视角北大核心

小微企业规模小且经营不够稳定、经营风险大、存活率低,以及缺乏抵质押担保、完全依赖借款人的第一还款来源等特点决定了普惠小微企业信用贷款业务风险较大。信息不对称、获客渠道窄、覆盖群体面窄、风控难度大、发展成本高等因素制约着普惠小微信用贷款业务可持续发展。近年来,金融机构持续发力,信用贷款占比不断提升,但仍无法满足小微企业的实际需求。深入剖析普惠小微信用贷款业务发展的现实困境和制约其可持续性发展的因素,进一步提出信用信息赋能普惠小微信用贷款业务可持续发展的政策建议:一是推动信用信息归集共享应用,优化普惠小微信用贷款业务的金融服务生态环境;二是探索数字化普惠金融服务生态场景,推动普惠小微信用贷款业务的可持续发展;三是多方发力推进普惠小微信用贷款业务可持续发展。     

从小微企业投资行为看信贷需求

小微企业成长的驱动因素是投资,企业的借款需求源于投资缺口,企业信用风险源于投资失败。在信息不对称、不完善的条件下,对小微企业主要的投资行为进行深度解读,既弥补了经营能力分析的不足,又增加了一条动态监控企业信用风险的主要线索。所有小贷公司的企业家和风控人员都在寻求清晰解读小微企业信贷风险的理论框架,进而可以在此框架下形成结构化的风控体系,提高风控工作的模式化程度。既然大额信用贷款     

数字普惠金融视角下中小微企业信用体系建设研究

小微企业作为数字普惠金融的重点服务对象,是我国经济发展的动力和源泉。为解决小微企业生命周期短、融资难融资贵、抗风险能力弱等难题,中国人民银行积极推进中小微企业信用体系建设,推动数字普惠金融发展。但在实践中,中小微企业信用体系建设仍面临法律法规不健全、数据库和平台建设持续性不强、企业评价结果有待验证、信用信息保护功能薄弱等问题,有待解决。     

小微企业销售货款结算信用度评价指标构建

借鉴阿里小贷和国内部分小型银行及美国富国银行对小微企业风险控制的做法,论证对小微企业信用评价"三手"新理念,基于对企业信用本质、贷方结算量、银行日均存款等企业和银行业务的基本认识,从理论上推导出"小微企业销售货款结算信用度"这一个能简单快捷对小微企业信用进行准确评价的信用评价指标,且对其是否能有效指导银行小微企业贷款的经营实践,从大数据采集、风险管理和贷款定价三个方面进行分析和论证,并提出一个收益覆盖风险的差别化小微企业贷款定价公式,以期对解决小微企业"融资难、融资贵"问题有新的启迪。     

激励相客机制下的第三方信用挖掘:光大银行税贷易案例

信息不对称和抵押品缺失导致的企业资信程度低是小微企业融资难公认的原因,在强制信贷配给要求下,商业银行在小微企业信用挖掘和改进抵押担保措施方面进行了各种创新.通过对光大银行的创新产品“税贷易” 进行研究后认为,强制信贷配给需要有效的信用甄别手段,在有效甄别贷款对象方面,利用纳税信用对识别企业资信状况起到了积极作用.另外,大数据思维的运用以及激励相容制度的设计在银行识别企业风险方面起到了重要的作用.     

河北省对小微企业金融支持中的问题与对策建议

加强对小微企业的金融支持，需要金融机构客观认识小微企业贷款的风险与收益，逐步改变以大企业为主要服务对象的习惯思维方式，适度加大小微企业信贷力度，调节地区和行业的信贷资金流向，针对小微企业的特点不断创新金融产品和服务；需要政府和监管部门加强对小微企业的信用信息管理，积极推进小微企业信用担保体系的建设和金融服务体系建设。     

金融综合改革视角下的小微企业信用体系建设

作为我国市场经济重要单元的小微企业,融资难是一个长期困扰其发展的瓶颈,而其症结很大程度归咎于小微企业信用体系缺失,金融机构与小微企业之间"信息不对称"。本文认为小微企业应抓住当前我国金融综合改革大环境下信用体系建设出现的机遇,根据当前我国小微企业信用体系建设的现状和存在的问题,通过建立小微企业信用信息共享机制、培育和提高小微企业信用意识、构建适用的小微企业信用评价体系等进一步完善小微信用体系建设,推动解决小微企业融资难问题,改善金融生态环境,促进经济可持续发展。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.