全球生产网络背景下中国对外开放的路径选择

以跨国公司为首的全球生产网络成为越来越重要的新型生产组织方式，在此背景下，中国对外开放将采取哪些新的思路？     

中国跨国公司构建自主国际生产经营网络研究北大核心CSSCISSCI

中国跨国公司一直在国际生产网络中处于被动地位,要想做大做强就必须构建自己主导的国际生产经营网络。本文在界定国际生产经营网络内涵的基础上,分析了目前我国跨国公司的国际生产经营网络现状,并结合海尔、华为、上汽和中石油等集团公司构建自主国际生产经营网络的案例分析,最终从技术标准国际化、创新、品牌等方面提出建议。     

从国际生产网络角度比较美日企业模式

20世纪末叶美国与日本经济发展态势的逆转是世界经济中最耐人寻味的现象之一,促成这种变化的原因很多,其中之一是两国的跨国公司在利用国际生产网络的方式上存在差异,这在东亚地区表现得尤为明显。东亚地区美国式与日本式生产网络在驱动力、组织形式及投资重点等方面存在差异。究其原因,有距离因素、文化因素、经济模式因素等多方面。对东亚地区美日两国跨国公司生产网络的差异及其原因进行分析,可以站在新的视角为美日比较这个世界经济中的经典命题提供新的解释。     

全球生产网络下我国加工贸易转型升级与结构优化机制

一、全球生产网络的产生所谓全球生产网络,就是将领导厂商(跨国公司)原有的独资公司、合资公司等与外部的独立供应商、独立承包商、独立分销商及战略伙伴联盟等联系在一起,进行分工和有机结合,使分布于不同国家和区域的生产过程之间建立了以价值链为纽带的高度依存的关系。不少     

Global Production Network and the Upgrading of China＇s Integrated Circuit Industry

Using an analytical framework of the global production network （GPN）, the present paper examines the external environment and the internal dynamics of China＇s integrated circuit （IC） industry. We analyze the transition of China＇s IC industry from a state-led integrated device manufacturers＇ model to deeper integration into the GPN. We also explore the technological sources, the upgrading dynamics as well as the positioning of different nodes of China＇s IC industry in the GPN. We conclude that the ＂East Asia model＇＂ of gradual industrial upgrading might not apply anymore in the new era of GPN. High-technology industries can now be upgraded based on a parallel evolution model. Policy implications for China＇s high-technology industrial upgrading strategies are drawn from our analysis.     

区域生产网络模式下的东亚经济一体化

区域多样性和高额贸易壁垒成本,决定了东亚经济一体化的非正式渠道。区域生产网络的出现,使得东亚形成了多层次的劳动分工,以日本为主导的跨国公司,与各地区合作者建立起生产贸易关系,不同发展水平的国家紧密地联系在一起。随着日本外国直接投资的增加和生产链的变强,东亚经济已经成为一个整体。然而,亚洲金融危机却暴露出过分依赖日本经济体的缺陷。新时期新形势下,中国应该发挥主体作用,推动东亚经济一体化进程。     

资产专用性投资与全球生产网络的收益分配

本文以中间品供应商和最终品制造商为例考察了资产专用性投资对全球生产网络收益分配的影响。在只有一方进行资产专用性投资的情况下,专用性投资所增加的收益被通用性投资的一方占有,全球生产网络是不稳定的,它将演化为跨国公司或国际市场。在双方都进行资产专用性投资的情况下,全球生产网络的净利润取决于专用性投资的生产力效应与契约摩擦所造成的效率损失之间的比较,网络成员的收益份额随着自己专用性投资的比例和重要程度的上升而增加,随着对方专用性投资的比例和重要程度的上升而减少,当双方专用性投资重要程度相同时,二者将平均分配全球生产网络的销售收入。     

浙江利用跨国公司R&D资源转移战略研究

一、浙江利用跨国公司R&D资源转移的背景与意义 随着经济全球化和知识化进程的加快,跨国公司普遍实施R&D全球化战略,即在全球范围内布局R&D活动,以支持其海外市场的开发,并充分利用海外科技资源服务于跨国公司的全球竞争战略.根据原外经贸部跨国公司研究中心估计,目前跨国公司在华设立的R&D机构已超过400家,我国已经成为跨国公司重要的海外R&D基地之一,正被逐步纳入跨国公司全球R&D体系之中.从区位布局上看,这些机构主要分布在以北京为中心的环渤海地区、以上海为中心的长江三角洲地区和以广州、深圳为中心的珠江三角洲地区.     

跨国公司价值模块分工与利益实现机制

分工从生产链和价值链过渡到价值模块,对企业竞争力产生了较为深远的影响.跨国公司作为分工中的重要角色,在价值模块分工中起着主导作用,并形成以跨国公司为核心的弹性模块生产网络,强化了全球分工.跨国公司的分工特点,又在价值模块的全球分工条件下,形成了跨国公司的利益实现机制,即通过制订标准和集成模块获得高额利润,通过独占技术获得垄断利润,利用网络的外部性和差异化扩大利润来源,并在全球资源配置中获得最大化利润.     

全球生产网络的建立与思考

全球生产网络是基于全球价值链和价值网络,由不同价值环节上不同层级的企业,按照一定的分工形态,相互结合而形成的网络形态,它是适应环境竞争的产物。作为一种全新的经营模式,全球生产网络已经成为价值链各环节之间的重要生产协作模式,它不仅左右着跨国公司的生产经营活动,同时也对世界经济格局的未来走向产生着深远的影响。本文将浅析全球生产网络的构成、分类和治理模式,以求使更多的读者对这一新兴的经营模式进行有所了解。     

规模化生产对我国生猪生产波动的影响分析

规模化生产对生猪生产波动有着重要影响。文章通过1998—2006年不同规模生猪生产波动强度的比较、各省（市、区）生猪生产规模化程度与生猪生产波动强度的相关性分析,验证了规模化饲养对稳定生猪生产具有促进作用。     

汽车研发试制项目群的精益管理研究

介绍了汽车研发试制项目群理念,运用精益思想定义了汽车试制项目群管理的内容;以物料管理为切入点,确立了综合成本的评价维度,包括人力成本、广义的运输和仓储成本、零件成本;从三个维度出发,建立了加权评价体系;运用体系对某平台的试制物料进行测算,指出相对于传统的粗放式管理,精益管理会节省14%左右的综合成本;在项目实际运作之后,验证了加权评价体系的有效性;为汽车研发试制项目群的精益管理提供了可借鉴的方向。     

论公共品的生产

文章在适当兼顾公共品生产其他方面的同时,运用最优化理论和均衡理论,详细分析了公共品生产者和提供者之间的委托代理关系和供需关系,认为公共品的特性决定了公共品生产的效率低于私人品生产的效率,并就如何提高公共品生产的效率提出了一些改进思路.     

培育企业清洁生产需求的对策研究

自20世纪90年代初,我国已开始推行清洁生产,并取得了一定的成效。但是,不少企业对清洁生产的热情始终不高,使得推行清洁生产的工作步履维艰。文章指出清洁生产推行中最大的障碍是企业缺乏对清洁生产的需求,在分析了需求不足的原因之后,提出从外部刺激企业产生清洁生产需求的对策和建议。     

Evolution of the Infant Health Production Function

Michael Grossman's seminal publication on the demand for health and health production (Grossman 1972) has spawned a substantial body of research focusing on the production of infant health. This article provides a systematic review of the published literature to date on infant health production and how it has evolved over the past 3–4 decades as data have become more available, computing has improved, and econometric methods have become more sophisticated. While empirical research in most fields has expanded in corresponding ways, the infant health production research has become an important part of the broader and inherently multidisciplinary literature on intergenerational health. The strongest and most robust findings are that policies matter for infant health, particularly those affecting access to health care, and that prenatal smoking and other chemical exposures substantially compromise infant health. Promising directions for future research include elucidating relevant pathways, reconciling the largely inconsistent estimated effects of nutrition and education, and exploring the roles of preconceptional and lifetime health care, paternal factors, social support, housing, complementarity and substitutability of inputs, factors that modify effects of inputs, and evolving medical technologies.     

丹阳市化工生产企业现状及对策

对江苏省丹阳市化工企业的现状进行了叙述;分析了丹阳市化工企业存在的主要问题及其特点;提出了保留化工园区的重要性,提出了符合化学工业发展内在规律的建议。     

Production activity within the London economy

As Britain's largest city with the most extensive range of service functions, London has led most other cities within the country in its loss of production activity. Within the overall net loss, there is however some new industrial development. This development is investigated to throw light on areas of possible industrial regeneration relevant to large urban areas throughout the UK. The paper first estimates recent change in production employment in London and then investigates a sample of industrial developments in the city identified through the Land Use Change Statistics. Though a significant 244 hectares was developed for industrial use, few new production jobs are likely to have been generated. The results point to growth dominated by the small firm sector, but with an even spatial spread over all parts of the city. The implication for policy is a reinforcement of its dependence on the small firm sector to offset major structural changes in economic activity.     

Production Structure in the Context of International Trade

This paper deals with the recent empirical phenomenon of intra-industry trade, i.e., trade in similar goods between similar countries. It treats this phenomenon from the point of view of the theory of the structure of production, highlighting the importance of the sequential nature of production and the heterogeneity and specificity of factors of production, as developed by Carl Menger, Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk and their followers of the Austrian School of economics. The reader is first exposed to the historical development of production and capital theory. A simple theory of production structure, along the lines of Austrian economics, is afterwards presented and a useful tool for the analysis of intra-industry trade is developed. In the following discussion of existing theories of intra-industry trade, we make the case for vertical intra-industry specialization, complex manufactured goods and sliced-up production chains across countries. The reader immediately observes the importance of Austrian production structure theory for the analysis of intra-industry trade. We accordingly apply the concepts of the structure of production to intra-industry trade and analyze, in particular, the time- and place-aspects of international production. The concluding section shows the relevance of our approach to intra-industry trade for the analysis of business cycle synchronization across countries, and for the optimum currency areas theory.     

Contests and the Private Production of Public Goods

The private provision of public goods generally suffers from two types of efficiency failures: sorting problems (the wrong individuals contribute) and quantity problems (an inefficient amount is provided). Embedding the provision game into a contest that rewards larger contributions with higher probabilities of winning a prize may remedy such failures. Applications include tenure decisions at universities, electoral competition among politicians, etc. We identify a tradeoff between the value of the prize and the decisiveness of the contest. High‐powered incentives in contests may cause an overprovision of the public good or wasteful participation of unproductive individuals in the contest.