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1.
This research explores the influence of religiosity on consumer perception of, and response toward, sexual appeals. The first study (survey, national sample; n = 423) examines the relationship between religiosity and consumer response toward sexual appeals using causal modeling. Study 1 finds that high intrinsic religiosity consumers exhibit more adverse ethical judgments toward the company’s use of sexual appeals and these judgments, in turn, result in inferior attitudes and purchase intent toward the advertised brand. To confirm and expand on these findings, the second study (experiment, young adult sample; n = 216) examines the influence of intrinsic religiosity on consumer response toward both sexual and nonsexual appeals. The results show that sexual appeals elicit inferior (superior) ethical judgments, attitudes, and purchase intent among consumers high (low) in intrinsic religiosity. In contrast, nonsexual appeals elicit (un)favorable responses from consumers who are (low) high in intrinsic religiosity. 相似文献
2.
Rafi M. M. I. Chowdhury 《Journal of Business Ethics》2018,152(1):149-174
Although there has been considerable theoretical support outlining a positive relationship between religiosity and voluntary simplicity, there is limited empirical evidence validating this relationship. This study examines the relationships among religious orientations (Allport and Ross in J Pers Soc Psychol 5(4):432–443, 1967) and voluntary simplicity in a sample of Australian consumers. The results demonstrate that intrinsic religiosity is positively related to voluntary simplicity; however, there is no relationship between extrinsic religiosity and voluntary simplicity. Furthermore, this research investigates the processes through which intrinsic religiosity affects voluntary simplicity. The relationship between intrinsic religiosity and voluntary simplicity is sequentially mediated by communal/personal well-being and environmental well-being. The findings not only identify a prosocial role of intrinsic religiosity in motivating voluntary simplicity, but also indicate that secular pursuits that enhance communal/personal well-being and environmental well-being may also motivate voluntary simplicity. 相似文献
3.
Growth of the Hispanic consumer population in America is changing the marketplace landscape. Due to their considerable buying power, a better understanding of Hispanic consumer behavior has become a necessity. The marketing literature has examined issues regarding religiosity and attitude toward business in regards to consumer ethical beliefs as well as research differentiating consumers on the basis of ethnicity due to their inherently different religious principles. Therefore, the present study contributes to the existing consumer ethics literature by examining the roles of religiosity and attitude toward business in determining consumer ethical beliefs. Furthermore, this study compares the relationships among religiosity, attitude toward business, and ethical beliefs at the sub-cultural level (i.e., between Hispanic and Anglo-American consumers). Survey data compare a sample of 187 predominately Catholic Hispanic consumers with a sample of 127 predominately protestant Anglo consumers. Results suggest a positive relationship between intrinsic religiousness and beliefs that questionable consumer activities are unethical. However, extrinsic religiousness does not impact consumer views as to the ethicality of consumer practices. Hispanics exhibit higher levels of extrinsic religiousness than Anglos, but no difference in terms of their intrinsic religiousness. Results also suggest that Hispanics have a more negative attitude toward business than Anglos do. Implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
4.
Scott John Vitell Mark N. Bing H. Kristl Davison Anthony P. Ammeter Bart L. Garner Milorad M. Novicevic 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,88(4):601-613
The ethics literature has identified moral motivation as a factor in ethical decision-making. Furthermore, moral identity
has been identified as a source of moral motivation. In the current study, we examine religiosity as an antecedent to moral
identity and examine the mediating role of self-control in this relationship. We find that intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions
of religiosity have different direct and indirect effects on the internalization and symbolization dimensions of moral identity.
Specifically, intrinsic religiosity plays a role in counterbalancing the negative impact of extrinsic religiosity on the internalization
of moral identity. Further, intrinsic religiosity also counterbalances the negative and indirect impact of extrinsic religiosity
on symbolization of moral identity via self-control. Lastly, self-control does not play a mediating role in the impact of
religiosity on the internalization dimension of moral identity. We conclude that this study presents important findings that
advance our understanding of the antecedents of moral identity, and that these results may have implications for the understanding
of ethical decision-making. 相似文献
5.
Anusorn Singhapakdi Scott J. Vitell Dong-Jin Lee Amiee Mellon Nisius Grace B. Yu 《Journal of Business Ethics》2013,114(1):183-191
The impact of “love of money” on different aspects of consumers’ ethical beliefs has been investigated by previous research. In this study we investigate the potential impact of “love of money” on a manager’s ethical decision-making in marketing. Another objective of the current study is to investigate the potential impacts of extrinsic and intrinsic religiosity on ethical marketing decision-making. We also include ethical judgments as an element of ethical decision-making. We found “love of money”, both dimensions of religiosity, and ethical judgment to have significant impacts on ethical intentions in a marketing situation. In addition to providing an important contribution to the business ethics literature, the findings also have important managerial implications. 相似文献
6.
Maria May Seitanidi Dimitrios N. Koufopoulos Paul Palmer 《Journal of Business Ethics》2010,97(1):139-158
Despite their ethical intentions, ethically minded consumers rarely purchase ethical products (Auger and Devinney: 2007, Journal of Business Ethics
76, 361–383). This intentions–behaviour gap is important to researchers and industry, yet poorly understood (Belk et al.: 2005, Consumption, Markets and Culture
8(3), 275–289). In order to push the understanding of ethical consumption forward, we draw on what is known about the intention–behaviour
gap from the social psychology and consumer behaviour literatures and apply these insights to ethical consumerism. We bring
together three separate insights – implementation intentions (Gollwitzer: 1999, American Psychologist
54(7), 493–503), actual behavioural control (ABC) (Ajzen and Madden: 1986, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
22, 453–474; Sheeran et al.: 2003, Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 393–410) and situational context (SC) (Belk: 1975, Journal of Consumer Research
2, 157–164) – to construct an integrated, holistic conceptual model of the intention–behaviour gap of ethically minded consumers.
This holistic conceptual model addresses significant limitations within the ethical consumerism literature, and moves the
understanding of ethical consumer behaviour forward. Further, the operationalisation of this model offers insight and strategic
direction for marketing managers attempting to bridge the intention–behaviour gap of the ethically minded consumer. 相似文献
7.
Decades of empirical and theoretical research has produced an extensive literature on the ethical judgments construct. Given
its importance to understanding people’s ethical choices, future research should explore the psychological processes that
produce ethical judgments. In this paper, the authors discuss two steps needed to advance this effort. First, they note that
the business ethics literature lacks a single, generally accepted definition of ethical judgments. After reviewing several
extant definitions, the authors offer a definition of the construct and discuss its advantages. Second, future ethical judgment
research would benefit from greater integration between theories of ethical decision making and theories of social cognition.
Drawing upon the Hunt–Vitell (Journal of Macromarketing
6(Spring), 5–15, 1986; In: N. C. Smith and J. A. Quelch (eds.), Ethics in Marketing. Irwin, Homewood, IL, pp. 775–784, 1992) model and the heuristic-systematic model (Chaiken, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
39(November), 752–766, 1980), the authors present a brief research agenda intended to stimulate research on the psychological processes behind ethical
judgments. 相似文献
8.
Can an assessment of individuals’ narcissism help explain the quality of a respondent’s ethical judgment? How is the relationship between religiosity and ethical judgment moderated by the effects of narcissism? With a sample of 385 undergraduate business majors, this study uses a taxonomic approach to examine the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity as well as orthodox Christian beliefs on ethical judgment. Three distinct clusters were identified: Skeptics, Nominals, and Devouts. Surprisingly, of the three clusters, Nominals and Devouts were the only groups impacted by narcissism, although Skeptics overall demonstrate the worst ethical judgment. 相似文献
9.
The purpose of the present study is to examine the attitudes of Portuguese chartered accountants with respect to questions
of ethical nature that can arise in their professional activity. Respondents were asked to respond to the Ethics Position
Questionnaire developed by Forsyth (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
39(1), 175–184, 1980), in order to determine their idealism and relativism levels. Subsequently, they answered questions about five scenarios
related to accounting practices, with the objective of measuring their ethical judgments. Based on the idealism and relativism
levels of our respondents, they were classified into one of four groups, representing different ethical ideologies (absolutism,
exceptionism, subjectivism, and situationism). The results indicated that age was the major determinant of relativism. Contrary
to previous research, older respondents revealed themselves significantly more relativistic than younger ones. Gender seems
to be the most important determinant of ethical judgments; against expectations, men evidenced significantly stricter judgments
than women in two of the five scenarios. Findings also indicated that respondents’ ethical judgments did not differ significantly
based on their ethical ideology, supporting the idea that ethical ideology is not an important determinant of ethical judgments. 相似文献
10.
Krist R. Swimberghe Dheeraj Sharma Laura Willis Flurry 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,102(4):581-598
Religion is an important cultural and individual difference variable. Yet, despite its obvious importance in consumers’ lives,
religion in the United States has been under-researched. This study addresses that gap in the literature and investigates
the influence of consumer religion in the buyer–seller dyad. Specifically, this study examines the influence of consumer religious
commitment and a Christian consumer’s conservative beliefs in the United States on store loyalty when retailers make business
decisions which are potentially reli- gious objectionable. This study uses structural equation modeling and applies Anderson
and Gerbing’s (Psychol Bull 103(3):411–423, 1988) two-step approach to exam- ine data obtained from a national sample of 531 consumers. The results from this study suggest
that consumers evaluate seller’s actions and form ethical judgments. These judgments are a major explanatory variable in consumer
store loyalty intentions. 相似文献
11.
Sidharth Muralidharan Carrie La Ferle Sanjukta Pookulangara 《Journal of Promotion Management》2018,24(1):1-24
The research explores how religious symbols can be used in advertising to encourage bystander intervention in the context of domestic violence. Using symbolic interactionism as the theoretical framework, a 4 (Ad type: Control vs. Visual vs. Verbal vs. Visual/Verbal) × 2 (Religiosity: Low vs. High) between-subjects experimental design was conducted to assess impact on attitudes toward the ad and intention to help. A national sample (N = 402) of Hindu adults from India was recruited. The findings suggest level of religiosity is critical to the process with highly religious individuals displaying higher levels of involvement, concern for others and willingness to report abuse. No significant differences were found across visual and verbal religious symbol conditions. Implications for advertisers and government agencies are presented. 相似文献
12.
Intrinsic religiosity drives ethical consumer behavior; however, previous studies regarding this connection are limited solely
to a Christian cultural context. This comparative study instead includes Christian Consumers from Germany and Moslem Consumers
from Turkey to determine if a specific religious community moderates the connection between intrinsic religiosity and consumer
ethics. The results show that Consumers in the Turkish, Moslem subsample, exhibit an even stronger connection between religiosity
and ethical consumer behavior than Consumers from the German, Christian subsample. 相似文献
13.
Hong Meng Wong 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,81(1):169-191
Recent research suggests there may be a link between religiousness and business ethics. This study seeks to add to the understanding
of the relationship through a questionnaire survey on Malaysian Christians in business. The questionnaire taps into three
different constructs. The religiousness construct is reflected in the level of participation in various common religious activities.
The love of money construct is captured through the Love of Money Scale as used in Luna-Arocas and Tang [Journal of Business Ethics
50 (2004) 329]. Response to 25 business vignettes taken from Conroy and Emerson [Journal of Business Ethics
50 (2004) 383] would surface ethical attitudes. A convenience sample of 300 was drawn from three large churches in the Kuala Lumpur
area each with a congregation exceeding 1000 together with some representation from the smaller churches. The study finds
some differences in the ethical attitudes of Malaysian Christians in business with different levels of religiousness. The
study also finds that those longer in the faith are less accepting of unethical behavior. As such it can be concluded that
there are ethical attitude differences between Christians in business with different levels of religiousness. This lends support
to the claim of a positive relationship between religion and business ethics. The more significant finding is that even within
a somewhat homogenous religious group there are different love of money profiles resulting in significant differences in ethical
attitudes. This suggests that moderating money attitudes can contribute towards stronger ethical attitudes.
Hong Meng Wong BEcons(Hons)(Malaya), MBA(Cranfield), DBA(UniSA), FCA, ACIS, is the National Secretary of the Full Gospel Business
Men's Fellowship Malaysia. His more than 30 years of professional experience had been in management consulting, merchant banking,
commercial banking and stock broking. Since becoming a Christian in 1981 he has been actively involved in ministering to men
in the marketplace. His burden is to help improve the ethics of Christians in business. 相似文献
14.
Business ethicists should examine ethical issues that impinge on the perimeters of their specialized studies (Byrne 2011). This article addresses one peripheral issue that cries out for such consideration: the international resource privilege
(IRP). After explaining briefly what the IRP involves I argue that it is unethical and should not be supported in international
law. My argument is based on others’ findings as to the consequences of current IRP transactions and of their ethically indefensible
historical precedents. In particular I examine arguments from political philosophy for more equitable distribution of resources
and appeals to property rights as a means of achieving this; business ethicists’ critiques of contemporary resource appropriations;
and legal historians’ accounts of despoliation of aboriginal peoples, especially in what is now the United States, involving
acquisition via conquest, asserted jurisdiction, and religious and racial preeminence. I also consider relevant human rights’
standards; supportive views of some theorists, especially early modern realists and current supporters of group rights and
multidimensional rectification; some de facto incidences of substantive restitution; and proposals for effecting further rectification. 相似文献
15.
Robert W. Kolodinsky Timothy M. Madden Daniel S. Zisk Eric T. Henkel 《Journal of Business Ethics》2010,91(2):167-181
Four predictors were posited to affect business student attitudes about the social responsibilities of business, also known
as corporate social responsibility (CSR). Applying Forsyth’s (1980, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
39, 175–184, 1992, Journal of Business Ethics
11, 461–470) personal moral philosophy model, we found that ethical idealism had a positive relationship with CSR attitudes,
and ethical relativism a negative relationship. We also found materialism to be negatively related to CSR attitudes. Spirituality
among business students did not significantly predict CSR attitudes. Understanding the relationship between CSR attitudes
and the significant predictors has important implications for researchers and teachers in particular. 相似文献
16.
Scott J. Vitell Joseph G. P. Paolillo Jatinder J. Singh 《Journal of Business Ethics》2006,64(2):117-124
This article presents the results of a study that investigated the roles that religiosity and ones money ethic play in determining
consumer attitudes/beliefs in various situations regarding questionable consumer practices. One dimension of religiosity –
intrinsic religiousness – was studied. Four separate dimensions of a money ethic scale were initially examined, but only one
was used in the final analyses. Results indicated that both intrinsic religiousness and one’s money ethic were significant
determinants of most types of consumer ethical beliefs. 相似文献
17.
We address a previous finding in the business ethics literature in which accounting professionals in higher rank levels, i.e.,
“manager” or “partner” of auditing firms, appear to have lower moral reasoning ability than their junior counterparts. Prior
investigations have relied upon a similar methodology for estimating ethical beliefs, namely testing “moral reasoning ability”
using either the Moral Judgment Interview or Defining Issues Test. In the present study, we use a multiple vignettes approach
to test for the existence of the inverse rank-ethical beliefs effect. With only 2 of the 30 vignettes resulting in both managers
and partners being more accepting of the ethically charged behaviors, the results presented here using this alternative methodology
are generally not supportive of the inverse rank-ethical beliefs phenomenon. We also use a multivariate analysis in order
to control for demographic characteristics. Our results suggest that the most robust predictor of ethical attitudes among
accounting practitioners is age, not rank within a firm. 相似文献
18.
An onslaught of ethically questionable actions by top government, business, and religious leaders during the 1980s has brought the issue of ethics in decision making to the forefront of public consciousness. This study examines the ethical orientation of university students in four decision-making situations. The dependent variable — ethical orientation toward work-related decisions — is measured through student responses to questions following four work-related vignettes. Possible responses to each vignette are structured to permit categorization of respondents into two broad orientations: egoistic and ethical. Independent variables are academic major, ethics in business orientation, gender, and religiosity. Generally, students tended to choose an ethical orientation over an egoistic orientation in each vignette. Business majors were generally no less likely to choose an ethical orientation toward work-related decisions than nonbusiness majors. Respondents characterized by moral unity (belief in the consistency between general ethical principles and work-related ethical standards) were more likely to have an ethical orientation toward work-related decisions than those subscribing to the amoral theory of business. Females showed a consistent tendency to be more ethically oriented toward work-related decisions than males. Finally, respondents high on religiosity tended to be more ethically oriented.
Jon M. Shepard is Head of the Department of Management at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. His most recent publications include Gender Differences in Proclivity for Unethical Behavior (Journal of Business Ethics). His current research interests include ethics in business, corporate ethical climates, and the accountability of institutions in modern society.Linda Hartenian is a P/HRM doctoral candidate in the Department of Management at the University of Kentucky. Her research interests include the performance appraisal process, the impact of decentralized computing systems on organizational communication, and research methodology.This research was supported by a grant from the Graduate School, University of Kentucky. We wish to thank Richard Wokutch for his thoughtful suggestions for this paper. 相似文献
19.
In recent years, knowledge management has been utilized as an essential strategy to foster the creation of organizational
intellectual capital. Organizational intellectual capital can be derived both individually and collectively in the process
to create, store, share, acquire, and apply personal and organizational knowledge. However, some organizations only focus
on the development of public good, despite the concerns arising from individuals’ self-interest or possible risks. The different
concern of individual and collective perspectives toward knowledge management inevitably leads to ethical conflicts and ethical
culture in the organization (Jarvenpaa et al., J Manage Inf Syst 14(4):29–64, 1998; Ruppel and Harrington, IEEE Trans Prof Commun 44(1):37–52, 2000). The purpose of this study is to examine the ethical climate within the organization and its possible influence on members’
evaluation, satisfaction, engagement, and job performance with respect to knowledge management practice. The research results
reveal that several types of organizational ethical climate coexist in the organization and have different degrees of influence
on employees’ attitude as well as participation in knowledge management activities. In this article, we argue the importance
of organizational ethical climate and highlight the implications of such a climate for facilitating knowledge management. 相似文献
20.
Our research’s aim is to assess the effect of cultural factors on business ethical decision-making process in a Western cultural
context and in a non-Western cultural context. Specifically, this study investigates ethical perceptions, religiosity, personal
moral philosophies, corporate ethical values, gender, and ethical intentions of U.S. and Moroccan business managers. The findings
demonstrate that significant differences do exist between the two countries in idealism and relativism. Moroccan managers
tend to be more idealistic than the U.S. managers. There is a strong positive relationship between religiosity and idealism.
There were mixed findings in examining the correlates of religiosity and various components of ethical intentions. Moroccan
managers were more homogenous in their corporate ethical values than were the U.S. managers. The results demonstrate that
(in general) idealism is a good predictor of ethical intentions and behaviors. Additionally, managers from the two countries
differed in the degree of relationship between perceptions and intentions in three of the four scenarios. This study’s results
confirm other research findings that, in general, female business managers have higher ethical sensitivity in terms of their
ethical judgment than their male counterparts. Managerial implications are also discussed. 相似文献