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1.
This paper uses an unbalanced panel data set for exporting firms from manufacturing industries in one German federal state,
Lower Saxony, to investigate the microstructure of the recent export boom. Looking at data for 1995/96–2001/02 it is demonstrated
that a considerable number of plants start and stop exporting in each year, but that most of the export dynamics is due to
positive and negative changes of exports in plants that continue exporting. A small fraction made of 4–5 percent of all exporting
plants is responsible for around 70 to 80 percent of the gross increase in exports. Firms with expanding and contracting exports
are found simultaneously in all broad sectors, technology classes and firm size classes. Patterns of export behavior differ
widely between the plants over the periods investigated. JEL no. F14, E32 相似文献
2.
Export entry and exit by German firms 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Export Entry and Exit by German Firms. — While exports have played an important role in German business cycles, little is
known about the export supply response of German firms. This paper presents a dynamic model of the export decision by a profit-maximizing
firm. Using a panel of German manufacturing plants, we test for the role of plant characteristics and sunk costs in the entry
decision. We find evidence for substantial sunk costs: exporting today by a plant increases the probability by 50 percent
that the plant will export tomorrow. This advantage depreciates quickly, falling by two-thirds in a year. The authors also
find evidence that plant success, as measured by size and productivity, increases the likelihood of exporting. 相似文献
3.
Martina Lawless 《Review of World Economics》2010,146(4):691-707
This paper presents an examination of the trading patterns of individual firms, looking at their coverage of export markets
and movements into and out of destinations. This analysis is made possible by access to a new survey data set of Irish firms,
which includes detailed information on firm characteristics and on the destinations of their exports over a 2-year period.
In line with Eaton et al. (Am Econ Rev 94:150–154, 2004), we find that a large number of firms serve only the domestic market and many exporting firms export to a single foreign
market. Although there is little movement of firms into and out of exporting, firms’ involvement in individual export markets
is much more dynamic. Over one-third of firms change their market coverage, usually by entering or exiting one additional
market. This is consistent with an interpretation where the bulk of any sunk cost encountered in exporting is incurred during
the initial entry to the export market. Subsequent entry to additional markets may be made easier by prior export experience,
which could help reduce the sunk cost of extending market coverage. 相似文献
4.
Most firms and plants in developing countries produce only for the domestic market and few are able to export. One plausible hypothesis is that foreign networks decrease export costs and that plants with large amounts of such networks will be relatively likely to start exporting. We focus on two types of foreign networks: foreign ownership and imports of intermediate products. Our results suggest that plants in Indonesian manufacturing with any foreign ownership are substantially more likely to start exporting than wholly domestically owned plants. The results remain robust to alternative model specifications and after controlling for other plant characteristics. There is no effect on exports of imports of intermediate products. 相似文献
5.
This paper utilizes new Dutch transaction-level data on international trade to investigate the microeconomic patterns of Dutch
exports. First, we show that self-selection based on ex-ante productivity drives firms’ export decisions, which we subsequently
relate to various sources of fixed market-entry costs: governance and regulatory quality, the extent of corruption, and cultural
proximity. Second, we provide evidence that firms learn to export by trial and error, so as to obtain experience in exporting
and to gather knowledge about the potential of foreign markets. Such experimentation appears to be reflected in the volatility
of a firm’s export product portfolio. More volatility is associated with a higher survival rate in the export market. Finally,
we draw conclusions on the potential implications for trade policy. 相似文献
6.
Christian Volpe Martincus Antoni Estevadeordal Andrés Gallo Jessica Luna 《Review of World Economics》2010,146(1):91-111
This paper assesses the role played by export promotion institutions in shaping the extensive margin of Latin American and
Caribbean countries’ exports over the period 1995–2004. We find that the presence of offices of export promotion agencies
abroad favors an increase in the number of differentiated goods that are exported, whereas a larger number of diplomatic representations
in the importer countries seem to be associated with exports of a larger number of homogeneous goods. 相似文献
7.
Exports and Productivity Growth: First Evidence from a Continuous Treatment Approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A recent survey of 54 micro-econometric studies reveals that exporting firms are more productive than non-exporters. However,
previous empirical studies show that exporting does not necessarily improve productivity. One possible reason for this result
is that most previous studies are restricted to analysing the relationship between a firm’s export status and the growth of its labour productivity, using the firms’ export status as a binary treatment variable and comparing the
performance of exporting and non-exporting firms. In this paper, we apply the newly developed generalised propensity score
(GPS) methodology that allows for continuous treatment, that is, different levels of the firms’ export activities. Using the
GPS method and a large panel data set for German manufacturing firms, we estimate the relationship between a firm’s export-sales
ratio and its labour productivity growth rate. We find that there is a causal effect of firms’ export activities on labour
productivity growth. However, exporting improves labour productivity growth only within a sub-interval of the range of firms’
export-sales ratios.
JEL no. F14, F23, L60 相似文献
8.
We propose a cross-country specialization index - the B
⋆ - defined as the share of a given product in total country’s exports “normalized” by the average share across all countries.
This indicator draws from the Revealed Comparative Advantage index suggested by Balassa (Manch Sch Econ Soc Stud 33(2):99–123,
1965), but its dynamic and cardinal properties are more suitable to perform a cross-country analysis over time. This feature is
illustrated with a simple two-country by two-product stylized example and complemented with empirical evidence derived from
79 countries/groups of countries and four distinct technological sectors since the late sixties. We also provide empirical
evidence on the external shape of the distribution of the B
⋆ and on its intra-distribution dynamics in different technological sectors. The results indicate that the overall degree of
specialization is higher for high-tech exports than for low-tech exports. From a dynamic point of view, there is evidence
of significant persistence of the cross-country export patterns. 相似文献
9.
The poor performance of many African economies has been associatedwith low growth of exports in general and of manufacturing exportsin particular. The two most successful countries in Africa havebeen Botswana and Mauritius. In Botswana, rapid export growthfollowed the discovery of diamonds; in Mauritius, manufacturingexports played a major role. In this paper we draw on both macroand micro evidence from nine African countries to investigatewhether manufacturing exports are the key to success in Africa.We do this by posing three questions. First, how close is thelink between export and income growth? Second, is there evidencefrom these African countries that manufactured exports haveled to greater economic success? Third, what has limited thesuccess of firms in the manufacturing sector? We argue thatexport and income growth are very closely linked. However, thereis, for this sample of countries, no evidence that if theirexports are manufactures, growth rates are higher. We show thatthe factors that limit the success of African manufacturingfirms in exporting are their levels of efficiency and smallsize. We argue that the key to success in an area where Africahas a potential cost advantage labour-intensive garments is to enable large firms to use a more labour-intensivetechnology than is the case at present. 相似文献
10.
This paper examines the effect of water pollution regulation on polluters' exporting decisions and exporting structure. Using a detailed firm-by-product level dataset, we employ a difference-in-differenceds model to identify the causal relationship between environmental regulation and firms' exporting performance. We find that stringent environmental regulation decreases both export likelihood and export values. Moreover, we examine the channels that the environmental regulation could affect firms' exporting performance through entry-exit of the export market, price transmission, adjustments of exporting destinations, and product switch. The tightening wastewater discharge standard appears to deter the new polluters rather than incumbents to enter the export market. Productive polluters could gain the relative larger export market by lowering down exporting prices and selling more products overseas. In response to this water pollution regulation, polluters would make substantial adjustments in their exporting destinations, exporting products, and exports value via different trade modes. 相似文献