旅游合同及其违约责任的认定

随着旅游业的迅速发展 ,旅游合同以其独特的内涵 ,决定了旅游合同对法律性质、特征、违约责任的归责认定。旅游合同应当适用无过错责任原则 ,确立无过错责任原则的立法目的的实际上是为保护相对弱势群体利益。旅游合同适用无过错责任对旅行社过于苛刻 ,如果适用过错推定责任则能较好地平衡旅游合同双方当事人的利益。     

浅议雇主责任中的责任承担形式

我国《侵权责任法》规定了雇佣关系中的雇主责任为无过错责任。然而，《侵权责任法》对于雇主责任的外部承担形式没有作出明确规定，造成受害人主张权利时，义务主体不明的问题。另外，《侵权责任法》对于雇主责任的内部承担形式也没作出明确规定，导致雇主在承担责任后能否向雇员追偿、追偿的前提、范围等问题出现同案不同判的现象。有必要对雇主责任的责任承担问题进行讨论。     

论电子认证机构违约责任之归责原则

电子认证机构在履行电子认证服务合同时产生违约责任适用何种归责原则的问题，学术界有过错责任原则说、无过错责任原则说和过错推定原则说，本文在分析论述不同观点的基础上，明确了我国适用严格过错责任原则，无过错责任原则为例外性的归责标准。     

动物侵权责任最新法律解读

动物致害责任是一种特殊侵权责任。我国《民法通则》第127条规定动物致人损害适用无过错责任，在受害人和第三人存在过错的情况下，动物饲养人或管理人可以免责。新颁布的《侵权责任法》对动物致害责任规定更为具体，但是也有很多不足的地方，比如把第三人过错排除在免责事由之外，对动物园饲养动物适用过错推定责任。     

论高度危险责任的基础

高度危险责任是随着科技进步、生产力的发展而出现的.高度危险责任由于危险自身难以克服、避免的特性,使得在行为人没有过错的情况下也经常发生.为了更好救济受害人,侵权法规定高度危险责任以无过错为归责原则.此外,侵权法的救济功能定位以及风险分配理论,为高度危险责任适用无过错归责原则提供了理论支撑.     

试论侵权责任法归责原则体系

侵权责任归责原则是《侵权责任法》的核心内容,合理的侵权责任归责原则体系有利于对《侵权责任法》的整体理解和把握,有利于正确运用权利的救济法。我国《侵权责任法》确立了过错责任原则、过错推定责任原则以及无过错责任原则,这一体系是科学、合理、完整的归责原则体系。     

过错推定原则在《侵权责任法》中的适用

过错推定，也叫过失推定，在侵权行为法上，就是受害人在诉讼中，能证明违法行为与损害事实之间的因果关系的情况下，如果加害人不能证明损害的发生自己无过错，那么就从损害事实的本身推定被告在致人损害的行为中有过错，并为此承担赔偿责任。适用过错推定原则的意义，在于使受害人处于较为有利的地位，切实地保护受害人的合法权益，加重加害人的责任，有效地制裁违法行为，促进社会的安定团结。适用过错推定原则，从损害事实中推定行为人有过错，那么就使受害人免除了举证责任而处于有利的地位，则行为人则因担负举证责任而加重了责任，因而更有利于保护受害人合法权益。该文主要介绍过错推定原则在侵权法中的适用。     

证券市场虚假陈述民事责任归责原则研究

在证券市场虚假陈述侵权民事赔偿中,虚假陈述责任主体众多。由于这些责任主体在信息披露中承担的工作及发挥作用不同,他们对于所披露信息真实性的注意义务也不尽相同。因此,针对不同的虚假陈述责任主体应当适用不同的归责原则。对发行人、发起人与实际控制人等应当适用无过错责任原则;对其他虚假陈述责任主体应适用过错推定责任原则。     

刍议法人受益人的保险利益

保险受益人多以自然人的形式出现在个人人身保险业务中,但目前由用人单位出资为雇员购买团体人身保险的现象已日益普遍.这类团险业务中最易引发冲突的便是受益人的指定、死亡保险金的归属等问题.法人单位由于对其雇员的死亡具有保险利益,当然可以成为团险合同的受益人.法人受益人保险利益的形式主要包括雇主的无过错赔偿责任和雇主的其他潜在损失.     

浅析侵权行为与侵权责任的割裂与内在联系

侵权行为的发生意味着侵权责任的承担。在侵权法领域内,侵权行为和侵权责任是二位一体的,然而,替代责任割裂了侵权行为和侵权责任的外在存在形式,使得侵权行为实行和侵权责任承担表现在不同的人身上。本文主要讨论监护人替代责任,通过与雇主替代责任的对比和自身分析,探究监护人替代责任中侵权行为和责任的割裂存在和内在联系,从而来印证监护人替代责任的独特性和不合理之处,并提出相关建议,以期能够解决问题。     

承担社会责任 打造雇主品牌

中国企业在发展过程中,尚未形成承担企业社会责任方面意识,这往往导致企业失却了在人力资源市场上的竞争活力,并严重影响到了企业可持续的发展。作者认为关注中国企业对企业社会责任承担的问题,全面打造新型雇主品牌,提升企业员工的敬凝聚力和忠诚度,是企业发展面临的重要课题。     

跨国公司全球环保责任战略选择研究

发展中国家消费者认为,跨国公司应当采用全球标准化的社会责任战略,采取自愿责任行为,并对此积极响应;跨国公司的全球社会责任行为对消费者的公司认同和公司评价都具有直接的正向影响。对于跨国公司来说,实施标准化的全球社会责任行为能够增加发展中国家消费者的认同及对公司的良好评价,并有可能影响消费者购买的决策过程,进而转化为"货币选票"。跨国公司应从战略层面实施全球社会责任行为,构筑企业的长期竞争优势。     

Fairness in International Trade and Investment: North American Perspectives

In this article, we examine an important but relatively under-researched form of corporate social responsibility, namely, employer support for employee voluntary activity. Using Canadian data, we examine two questions. First, we analyze the impacts of employer support on the total number of hours volunteered and on the voluntary activities which are undertaken. Second, we examine how employer support is distributed between male and female employees. Our results indicate that employer support is associated with a greater amount of volunteer activity by both men and women employees and in a wide range of voluntary activities. However, we also find that women are less likely to receive employer support than men and are less likely to receive support in the form of flexible work hours and time-off. These results are puzzling given that women typically face more binding time constraints than men. We conclude the paper by discussing how employer policies might be changed to address this finding.     

国家养老储备金制度分析——从国际比较的视角

从国际比较出发,分析了现收现付公共养老金计划的结构特征,指出了发达国家公共养老金制度的三个层次,明确了国家养老储备金在其中的功能和定位,并以此为基础分析了公共养老金计划中国家、企业和个人的责任划分以及中国基本养老保险制度的设计缺陷,提出了相关政策建议,指出了国家养老储备金在中国养老体制改革中的多重责任。     

The Democratic Firm: An Argument Based on Ordinary Jurisprudence

This paper presents an argument for the democratic (or 'labor-managed') firm based on ordinary jurisprudence. The standard principle of responsibility in jurisprudence ('Assign legal responsibility in accordance with de facto responsibility') implies that the people working in a firm should legally appropriate the assets and liabilities produced in the firm (the positive and negative fruits of their labor). This appropriation is normally violated due to the employment or self-rental contract. However, we present an inalienable rights argument that descends from the Reformation and Enlightenment which argues that the self-rental contract, like the self-sale or voluntary slavery contract, is inherently invalid. The key intuition of the inalienable rights theory is that one cannot in fact voluntarily transfer de facto responsibility for one's actions to another person. One can only voluntarily co-operate with another person, but then one is de facto jointly responsible for the results. Just as the legal authorities legally reconstruct the criminous employer and employee as a partnership with shared responsibility, so justice demands that every firm be legally reconstructed as a partnership of all who work (working employers and employees) in the enterprise, i.e., as a democratic firm.     

企业社会责任与贸易壁垒研究

文章结合国际贸易法学和公司治理学两种范式探讨了企业社会责任运动中出现的"贸易壁垒化"倾向,比较分析了"绿色贸易壁垒"、"蓝色贸易壁垒"两种主要形式对发展中国家及整个国际贸易自由化产生的消极影响。我国"入世"后,为应对新近出现的"蓝色贸易壁垒",政府和企业需要借鉴以往GATT/WTO框架内应对"绿色贸易壁垒"的立法和司法经验。     

The corporate social responsibility (CSR) employer brand process: integrative review and comprehensive model

ABSTRACT

Firms are increasingly drawing on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in their employer branding to improve attractiveness and engage current and potential employees, and to ensure consistency in employee brand behaviours. However, there is a dearth of literature synthesising CSR and employer branding research to understand employee engagement with CSR-firms from a branding perspective. In this article, the authors carried out an integrative literature review of CSR and employer branding literatures. Informed by signaling theory, the authors develop a conceptual model of the CSR employer branding process as a cohesive view from the potential and current employee perspective. Our review highlights the need for firms to achieve CSR consistency in terms of (a) embeddedness of CSR values, and (b) levels of internal CSR. These two factors frame a typology that enable managers to better execute their CSR employer brand identity to achieve favourable results, such as a high-quality talent pool and positive affective, cognitive and behavioural employee outcomes.     

“一带一路”倡议下投资母国的监管义务与法律对策

随着"一带一路"倡议全面、深入推进,中国企业海外投资进入新时期。然而,"一带一路"沿线国家投资环境复杂,中国企业面临社会责任风险以及沿线国腐败程度较高等新问题。现有国际规则无法有效处理东道国经济发展与这些问题之间的冲突和矛盾,不仅威胁中国企业的经济安全,更影响"一带一路"倡议的顺利实施。实践中,东道国宽松的法律环境、负责任的主权和维护国家形象的需要为母国监管提供了现实基础。因此,中国应以"自我约束"和"规则导向"为前提,在充分借鉴国际经验的基础上强化国内投资法律体系,从企业社会责任和海外反腐败两个方面积极承担投资母国的监管义务,主动规制中国企业的海外投资行为,实现国内法治与国际法治的良性互动。在企业社会责任方面,中国应针对海外投资者企业社会责任问题专项立法,提高中国企业承担社会责任的标准,区分企业性质、承担不同的社会责任标准以及建立社会责任评估体系;在海外反腐败方面,中国应完善惩治海外投资腐败行为的立法并加大执法力度,同时增强"一带一路"沿线国的刑事司法协助以及提高惩治海外投资腐败活动的力度。     

Employer branding and CSR communication in online recruitment advertising

While multiple studies have discussed the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in recruiting, two important but unaddressed questions constrain the understanding and practice of presenting firms’ socially conscious efforts to their prospective employees. First, are companies engaged in CSR communicating their CSR practices effectively in online recruitment advertising? And second, what CSR information should companies include in online job advertisements to improve their employer attractiveness to prospective candidates? The findings of this study show that CSR communication in recruitment advertising is often limited, an ad-hoc practice, and mostly focused on company practices concerning employee participation and development. Even companies with a great CSR reputation take surprisingly little advantage of their CSR image when it comes to attracting job candidates. To improve employer attractiveness, we recommend that human resources managers consider (1) optimizing the structure of online job advertisements by including a company overview section in which CSR information can be presented easily, (2) expanding the scope of CSR dimensions in job advertisements to include environmental performance and community relations, (3) offering information about opportunities for employee engagement with CSR, and (4) adopting a strategic approach to the inclusion of CSR content in online job advertisements.     

产品责任主体之比较研究

我国法律对产品责任主体的规定很不明确。《产品质量法》规定“受害人”为产品责任的权利主体,“生产者、销售者”为产品责任的义务主体,但没有对“受害人”、“生产者”和“销售者”的范围具体地界定,这对于保护缺陷产品的受害者是很不利的。应完善我国在产品责任法对产品责任主体制度方面的法律缺陷,明确产品责任的权利主体与义务主体。