服务型领导对组织公民行为影响研究述评

随着知识经济的到来,人力资源管理方式发生了改变,服务型领导和组织公民行为是提高组织效率的两个重要因素,越来越受到关注。文章在回顾已有文献基础上进行整理,从服务型领导和组织公民行为的概念、测量维度以及对相关实证研究对现有成果进行系统总结,分析目前服务型领导对组织公民行为影响研究的不足,并对未来研究方向进行了展望,希望为该领域今后的研究提供一个参考。     

变革型领导:理论、结构与最新研究综述

领导力一直是西方管理学研究的热点,变革型领导(Transformational Leadership)更是近30年来领导学研究的焦点话题.迄今为止,学界对变革型领导的概念、主要内涵与结构已经有了较完整的认识,但对于变革型领导的作用机制以及对组织的实际影响,目前还在持续探索中.文章回顾了近几年来国内外对变革型领导的主要研究文献,梳理其中的脉络,对往后的相关研究具有借鉴意义.     

谦卑型领导为何能提高员工绩效?领导-成员交换和组织自尊的多重中介作用

近年来,谦卑型领导在组织中的重要性愈发突出,并被大量研究证实能够影响员工绩效.然而,关于谦卑型领导与员工绩效之间的内部机理,至今还有待进一步的探索与整合.鉴于此,本研究从社会交换与社会认知视角,探讨了谦卑型领导影响员工角色内绩效与组织公民行为的机理,尤其是分析了领导-成员交换和员工组织自尊的并行多重中介作用.采用结构方程模型对447份上下级配对数据进行分析,结果显示:谦卑型领导对员工角色内绩效、组织公民行为具有显著正向影响;领导-成员交换与组织自尊在谦卑型领导与员工绩效之间起并行多重中介作用,且二者中介作用相当.以上结果表明,在谦卑型领导影响员工绩效的过程中,领导-成员交换质量与组织自尊具有同样重要的作用.     

基于扎根理论的包容型领导结构维度的本土化研究

包容型领导是近年来领导力研究领域的一个新兴议题.国外学者对包容型领导展开了较多的理论与实证研究,但国内相关研究仍处于起步阶段.本文在回顾与评述国内外包容型领导相关研究的基础上,运用扎根理论方法与技术,探讨了中国文化背景下包容型领导的结构维度,构建了包容型领导的本土化概念模型;同时将中西方文化背景下的包容型领导概念模型进行了深入的比较分析,区分了中国文化背景下包容型领导与其他领导风格的内涵,以期为包容型领导的本土化研究提供一定的理论基础.     

谦卑型领导的研究述评与未来展望

随着组织环境的动态性、不确定性和不可预测性的不断增强以及一系列公司丑闻的出现,组织愈发强调谦卑对于领导行为的重要性.学术界近十年才提出谦卑型领导这一概念,目前中西方相关的实证研究还很少.研究系统地梳理了谦卑型领导的研究起源、内涵特征、测量演变、与其它领导理论(公仆型、真诚型、变革型领导)的异同以及前因后果,并对未来的研究方向进行了较为全面的展望,以期对以后的研究具有借鉴意义.     

包容型领导对不道德亲组织行为的影响机制北大核心

当前学界对包容型领导能给组织带来一系列积极影响已作较多研究,但较少关注其消极影响。本文基于社会交换理论和社会认知理论,提出包容型领导会正向影响领导-成员交换和道德推脱,从而正向影响不道德亲组织行为。基于多个企业的207份样本,使用结构方程模型进行研究的结果表明:包容型领导会正向影响下属不道德亲组织行为,领导-成员交换和道德推脱中介了二者的关系。本研究对包容型领导理论作出了一定贡献,首次揭示了其消极影响,并丰富了不道德亲组织行为前因研究。据此,管理实践中要重视包容型领导负面效应,依具体管理情境谨慎使用包容型领导,管理者应成为员工的道德模范,与其构建积极社会交换关系。     

内控型人格、变革型领导与组织文化对员工心理资本的影响

心理资本是人力资源管理领域重要的新理论之一。鉴于当前研究聚焦于心理资本的影响效应,本文从内控型人格、变革型领导与组织文化三个层次对心理资本成因进行分析与检验。回归模型结果表明,内控型人格、领导魅力、支持型文化、创新型文化对员工的事务型心理资本有显著正向影响,领导的个性化关怀对下属事务型心理资本有负向效应;领导魅力、官僚型文化、创新型文化对员工的人际型心理资本有积极作用。     

伦理型领导对员工建言行为的影响机制研究

员工建言行为是组织竞争优势的重要源泉。领导作为员工建言的主要对象,其对员工建言行为有着重要的影响,以往的相关研究主要侧重于对变革型领导作用的研究,然而已有实证研究证实变革型领导对员工建言行为的影响并不稳定。事实上,公开说出组织中的问题是一种与伦理价值观有关的行为,而伦理型领导作为一种与伦理有关的领导类型,其对员工建言行为理应有着较大的影响。文章分析了伦理型领导对员工建言行为影响的理论基础,并通过引入合理的中介变量深入探讨了该影响的内在机制。文章在一定程度上拓展了伦理型领导与员工建言行为领域的相关研究。     

责任型领导:概念、测量、前因与后果

责任型领导,作为领导力研究领域的一个新兴概念,将关注焦点从传统的领导-下属二元关系拓展至组织内外各利益相关者,有助于应对来自社会各界的挑战,是对传统领导理论的新发展和新超越.文章介绍了责任型领导的概念、测量维度、前因与后果,深入探究了责任型领导的作用机制,总结出责任型领导能通过社会交换、社会学习、信息加工和社会资本等中介机制对个体、组织产生积极影响.最后,文章对未来研究作了展望.     

企业内部圈子对组织承诺的影响

从社会网络的视角分析中国情境下组织内特有的圈子结构对组织承诺的影响。以一家台湾高科技集团在大陆的分公司作为研究对象,对研究变量进行圈子结构分析和统计分析,实证检验了企业内部圈子对组织承诺的影响。研究发现,圈外人比组织内其他人的组织承诺低;大领导班底和非正式领导班底的组织承诺高于大领导圈边人;桥的组织承诺高于大领导圈边人;大领导班底比非正式领导班底的组织承诺要高。     

Experiencing meaningfulness climate in teams: How spiritual leadership enhances team effectiveness when facing uncertain tasks

This study integrates social information processing theory with leadership and climate literature, and aims to produce novel theoretical insights into whether and how spiritual leadership and task uncertainty foster conditions to enhance meaningfulness climate and subsequent team effectiveness in China. Team effectiveness was operationalized as team performance and team organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Based on data collected at three time points over 12 months from multiple sources of 123 teams in China, we found that spiritual leadership was positively related to team performance and team OCB through meaningfulness climate. Further, the relationship between spiritual leadership and meaningfulness climate was stronger for teams with high task uncertainty than teams with low task uncertainty.     

Transformational leadership behaviors,the empowering process,and organizational commitment: investigating the moderating role of organizational structure in Korea

Transformational leadership has received growing attention in leadership studies. However, open questions remain concerning its operationalization and its universal effectiveness. Drawing on transformational leadership theory and leadership contingency theory, this study explores these issues in an Asian context. Survey responses from 491 employees working for foreign subsidiaries in Korea were analyzed. Given their multi-dimensionality, transformational leadership behaviors were framed as a two-dimensional structure: organization-related behaviors (OBs) and person-related behaviors (PBs). Findings showed that both OBs and PBs were mediated by psychological empowerment to determine organizational commitment. More importantly, the findings indicated that the empowering process driven by both leadership behaviors is contingent on organizational structure. Specifically, centralization negatively moderated the empowering process of PBs. Formalization positively moderated the empowering process of OBs and negatively moderated that of PBs. These findings have noteworthy value by virtue of quantitatively revealing the organizational structure wherein the empowering process of transformational leadership behaviors is effectively induced in South Korea. Based on the results, significant theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.     

仆式领导的必然性研究

自上个世纪格林利夫提出"仆人式领导"概念以来,"仆人式领导"成为众多学者的研究对象,并在实践中得到广泛的应用。从历史和文化两个方面研究证明,领导理念在当代管理阶段经历了交易型领导和变革性领导以后,领导的关注焦点从组织转变为下属,必然会过渡到仆人领导理念阶段。这一变动趋势以及仆人领导理念对我们现时有很大的借鉴意义。     

Components of CEO Transformational Leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility*

abstract We use transformational leadership theory to explore the role of CEOs in determining the extent to which their firms engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR). We test this theory using data from 56 US and Canadian firms. CEO intellectual stimulation (but not CEO charismatic leadership) is found to be significantly associated with the propensity of the firm to engage in ‘strategic’ CSR, or those CSR activities that are most likely to be related to the firm's corporate and business‐level strategies. Thus, studies that ignore the role of leadership in CSR may yield imprecise conclusions regarding the antecedents and consequences of these activities. We also critique transformational leadership theory, in terms of its overemphasis on charismatic forms of leadership. This leads to a reconceptualization of transformational leadership, which emphasizes the intellectual stimulation component in the context of CSR.     

包容型领导对员工即兴行为的影响:工作卷入的中介作用

员工即兴行为是企业应对外部环境动态性、复杂性和模糊性的有效抓手。虽已有研究对包容型领导和员工即兴行为之间的关系进行了探究,但目前对二者之间的作用机制知之甚少。论文从社会交换理论视角出发,基于458份问卷数据,实证了包容型领导与员工即兴行为的关系,研究结果表明:包容型领导正向影响员工即兴行为,工作卷入在包容型领导和员工即兴行为之间起部分中介作用,员工主动性人格正向调节包容型领导和工作卷入之间的关系。     

The State of Leadership Studies

This article begins a symposium in the Journal of Leadership Studies on the subject of a formal review process for academic programs in leadership studies. The authors argue that such a process would be a way for the field to achieve more legitimacy in higher education, establish itself as a discipline, and delineate parameters of its intellectual distinctiveness. In so doing, the authors present a brief history of the development of leadership studies literature, a central question to theory building and program development, and common goals pursued by academic programs in leadership studies. Finally, the authors call for the development of standards that can help leadership programs expand their curricular and cocurricular initiatives to reflect the intellectual maturity of the field.     

Leadership style,organizational culture and performance: empirical evidence from UK companies

The topics of leadership and organizational culture have attracted considerable interest from both academics and practitioners. Much of the interest in the two areas is based on explicit and implicit claims that both leadership and culture are linked to organizational performance. However, while the links between leadership and performance and between culture and performance have been examined independently, few studies have investigated the association between the three concepts. This paper examines the nature of this relationship and presents empirical evidence which suggests that the relationship between leadership style and performance is mediated by the form of organizational culture that is present. The paper concludes with a number of implications for theory and practice.     

双元领导的双刃剑效应:矛盾体验与中庸思维的作用

双元管理模式越来越受到商界的青睐。以往研究发现了双元领导的积极作用或消极作用,但缺乏从整合视角考量双元领导的双刃剑效应,以及双元领导何时出现利之刃,何时出现伤之刃。基于社会信息加工理论,本研究提出双元领导会给员工带来矛盾体验;这种矛盾体验既可能提升创造力,又可能导致其拖延。同时,提出中庸思维作为调节变量会强化矛盾体验与创造力的积极关系,也会削弱矛盾体验与拖延行为的消极关系。采用经验取样法,通过对8家高新技术企业68名员工连续10周的656份有效观测数据的回归分析,本研究提出的所有假设均得到支持。本研究有利于进一步认识双元领导的双刃剑效应,引领管理者调整双元领导风格和注重员工辩证思维的培养,以充分发挥员工的创造力,减少其拖延行为。     

企业高管团队整合领导力提升的行动学习模式

讨论了高管团队整合领导力及其与企业绩效的关系，分析了企业高管团队整合领导力运行机理，应用系统工程理论方法，构建了企业高管团队整合领导力系统运行模型。概括总结了行动学习原理以及研究理论，指出了企业高管团队整合领导力提升的关键要素，在此基础上，应用经验学习循环和群体动力学理论方法，构建了基于行动学习的高管团队整合领导力培育“3循环”学习模式。从而，为企业高管团队整合领导力的培育与提升提供了一点粗浅的新思路和方法。     

Rediscovering Deep Time: Sustainability and the Need to Re‐Engage With Multiple Dimensions of Time in Leadership Studies

The current article makes the case that increasing our comfort with and responsiveness to extended timescales—both the far future and past—is essential to leadership against the backdrop of wicked challenges that shape the current and future leadership landscape. We offer a loose structure of four dimensions of time—present, near, distant, and deep time—to help advance this work. We frequently fail in thinking about the broader impact of our leadership work for generations to come and to ground that work in our extended, collective history. In order to think about lasting leadership, and particularly when utilizing a framework of sustainability and peace, it is essential that we critically examine our relationship with time and better incorporate it into our leadership theory, practice, development, and education. We need to further develop our ability to relate to and make sound decisions based on an informed consideration of the futures we wish to create and the deep histories that have led us to where we are now.